Luke 2

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Luke 2
Luke 2:1–7 in the original King James Version showing verse 2 parenthetical.
BookGospel of Luke
CategoryGospel
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part3

Luke 2 is the second chapter of the

Christmas Day.[3]

Text

Presentation of Jesus at the Temple in Jerusalem
8. Joseph, Mary and Jesus return home to Nazareth

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 52 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Jesus's birth (2:1–7)

Adoration of the shepherds, by Carlo Crivelli (1490, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg)
Main articles: Census of Quirinius and Nativity of Jesus

According to the Gospel of Luke,

Jesuit theologian Joseph Fitzmyer, however, argues that this is not a natural reading of the Greek and "has about it something of the air of desperation".[9]

Verse 2

And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria[10]

This sentence is bracketed as a parenthetical explanation in the King James Version.[11]

Verse 3

So all went to be registered, everyone [went] to his own city:[12]

Most texts refer to his own πολιν (polin, "city"), while Codex Bezae refers to his own πατρίδα (patrida) or "homeland".[13]

Verse 5

[Joseph went ...] to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child.[14]

Although a reading of Luke 1:32 suggests that

betrothed husband.[2] According to the narrative in chapter 1, Mary had travelled from Nazareth to a city in the hill country of Judah to visit her cousin Elizabeth, and then returned to Nazareth,[15]
then travelled again with Joseph from Nazareth to Bethlehem.

Verse 7

And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.[16]
  • "Swaddling clothes" refers to "strips of linen that would be wrapped around the arms and legs of an infant to keep the limbs protected".[17]
  • "Manger": or "feed trough".[18][19]
  • "The inn": translated from the Greek word κατάλυμα, kataluma, which may mean "guest room".[20][21] In the Greek Septuagint and New Testament texts it may refer to a variety of places for lodging.[20] Joseph and Mary would plan to stay with relatives in Bethlehem, but the "guest rooms" in the houses would have been filled beyond capacity with all the other relatives who had to journey to Bethlehem for the census; Bethlehem was not large and there was simply no other place to stay.[20]

The angels and shepherds (2:8–20)

Main article: Annunciation to the shepherds

Luke then tells of

Christ
the Lord" had been born.

Verse 10

Then the angel said to them, "Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which will be to all people".[22]

Verse 11

"For there is born to you this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord."[23]

"A multitude of the

Greater Doxology
, and as such important in the main rites of the Christian church.

The angels then return to heaven and the shepherds go into Bethlehem to see for themselves and

Mary's words in the Magnificat: "He has brought down the mighty from their thrones and exalted those of humble estate."[25] The phrase "peace to men on whom his favor rests" has been interpreted both as expressing a restriction to a particular group of people that God has chosen,[26] and inclusively, as God displaying favor to the world.[27]

Luke does not mention the visit of the Magi, the Massacre of the Innocents, or the escape of Jesus' family to Egypt, which are found in Matthew 2.

Circumcision and naming (2:21)

The Latin text of Luke 1:8–3:23 in Codex Gigas (13th century).
Main article: Circumcision of Jesus

Gabriel had told Mary to do in Luke 1:31. Protestant theologian Jeremy Taylor argues that Jesus's circumcision proved his human nature while fulfilling the law of Moses and had Jesus been uncircumcised, it would have made Jews substantially less receptive to his Evangelism.[28]

Presentation in the Temple (2:22–38)

Anna) by Aert de Gelder
, around 1700–1710.
Main article:
Presentation of Jesus at the Temple

Verse 22

And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;[29]

The law in

Galatians 4:4).[30]

"The days of her purification" or "her purifying" (

Temple in Jerusalem to complete Mary's ritual purification and to provide the sacrifice specified in the Law of Moses, in which she took the option provided for poor people (those who could not afford a lamb) in Leviticus 12:8, sacrificing "a pair of doves or two young pigeons."[30]
This was done in the eastern gate, called the gate of Nicanor, specially for:

women, suspected of adultery, to drink, and purified new mothers, and cleansed the lepers.[35]

Then, they presented Jesus to God through the priest, his representative. Here Mary appeared with her firstborn son, the true Messiah, marking the first time of Jesus' coming into his temple, as was foretold (

Malachi 3:1).[32]

The presentation of Jesus in the Temple officially inducts him into Judaism and concludes the birth narrative in the Gospel of Luke.[36] Within the account, "Luke's narration of the Presentation in the Temple combines the purification rite with the Jewish ceremony of the redemption of the firstborn (Luke 2:23–24)."[37]

In the Temple, they meet

Nunc Dimittis
(Canticle of Simeon) and tells Mary "This child is destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against, so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too." Anna, an old widowed woman who spent all her time in the temple praying, comes and praises Jesus as well.

Return to Nazareth and early childhood (2:39–40)

In verses 39–40, the family returns to Nazareth in Galilee, where Jesus grows and becomes strong and wise. He receives God's favour or grace. Unlike the

Johann Bengel suggests that verse 40 refers to the period from his first to his twelfth year, when Jesus grew in body, whereas verse 52 covers the period from his twelfth to his thirtieth year, when his progress is a spiritual increase towards "full perfection".[38]

Boy Jesus at the Temple (2:41–50)

"Jesus... seeking instruction from the doctors of the law" (Luke 2:41–50) by William Hole (1846–1917). G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection.
See also: Finding in the Temple

The Gospel then provides the only story of Jesus's childhood in the Canonical Gospels. When Jesus is twelve his family travels to Jerusalem for the Passover festival. Then they leave with a large group of their relatives and friends and after a day they realize Jesus is not with them. They go back to Jerusalem and after three days of looking find him in the temple talking with the temple teachers. His parents scold [39] him for running off, but Jesus replies that they should have known where he was. "Didn't you know I had to be in my Father's house? [40] (or about my Father's business)?"[41] His family fails to understand what he is talking about. They all then go to Nazareth.[42]

Later childhood and youth (2:51–52)

"Jesus returneth with his parents to Nazareth" (Luke 2:51–52) by William Hole (1846–1917). G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection.

Jesus continues to grow and flourish both in wisdom and stature, and in the favour of God and man. This mirrors verse 40, and completes Jesus' early years. The next we see of him is in Chapter 3, verse 21, when he is baptised by John the Baptist.

Uses

Verses 1–19 are commonly read during

Evening Prayer in the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer.[43]

Music

The King James Version of verses 8–11 and 13–14 from this chapter is cited as text in the English-language oratorio "Messiah" by George Frideric Handel (HWV 56).[44]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gospel of Luke - Chapter 2.
  1. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), "Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels", New Testament p. 5
  2. ^ a b Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on Luke 2, accessed 21 August 2023
  3. ^ BBC Radio 4, Midnight Mass, 24 December 2021 from Salford Cathedral
  4. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1
    .
  5. BibleGateway.com, Translations of Luke 2:1
  6. ^ Additional words "register for taxation" at Luke 2:1; EXB
  7. ^ Franklin, E., 59. Luke, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 929
  8. ^ Nolland, J. (1989–93), Luke, Word Biblical Commentary Series (Dallas: Word)
  9. ^ Fitzmyer, J. A. (1981, 1985), The Gospel According to Luke, AB (New York: Doubleday), quoted in Franklin, citation above
  10. ^ Luke 2:2: KJV
  11. ^ Nicoll, W. R., Expositor's Greek Testament. Luke 2. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  12. ^ Luke 2:3: NKJV
  13. ^ Meyer, H. A. W. (1890), Meyer's NT Commentary on Luke 2, accessed 5 July 2020
  14. ^ Luke 2:3: NKJV
  15. ^ Luke 1:39–40, 56
  16. ^ Luke 2:7 KJV
  17. ^ Note [a] on Luke 2:7 in NET Bible
  18. ^ Note on Luke 2:7 in NKJV
  19. ^ Note [b] on Luke 2:7 in NET Bible
  20. ^ a b c Note [c] on Luke 2:7 in NET Bible
  21. ^ Note on Luke 2:7 in ESV
  22. ^ Luke 2:10: NKJV
  23. ^ Luke 2:11 NKJV
  24. ^ Green, p. 130.
  25. ^ Luke 1:52: ESV
  26. ^ Marshall, p. 112.
  27. ^ Green, p. 137.
  28. ^ "But so mysterious were all the actions of Jesus, that this one [his circumcision] served many ends. For 1. It gave demonstration of the verity of human nature. 2. So he began to fulfill the law. 3. And took from himself the scandal of uncircumcision, which would eternally have prejudiced the Jews against his entertainment and communion. 4. And then he took upon him that name, which declared him to be the Savior of the world; which as it was consummate in the blood of the cross, so it was inaugurated in the blood of circumcision: for "when eight days were accomplished for circumcising of the Child, his name was called Jesus." – Taylor, Jeremy. The Whole works; with an essay biographical and critical, Volume 1 (1657). Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, London, 1835. p. 51
  29. ^ Luke 2:22 KJV
  30. ^ a b c d Carson et al. 1994, p. 985.
  31. ^ E.g. the New Revised Standard Version at Luke 2:22
  32. ^ a b c Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. Luke 2:22. Accessed 29 June 2019.
  33. ^ Hebrew Text Analysis: Leviticus 12:4. Biblehub.com
  34. ^ Maimonides, Hilchot Mechosre Capharah, c. 1. sect. 5, quoted by Gill, J. in his Exposition of the Bible on Luke 2, accessed 19 December 2021
  35. ^ Misn. Sota, c. 1. sect. 5.
  36. ISBN 9780195214628
    . Retrieved 27 December 2016. The story of the Presentation of Jesus to God in the Temple concludes Luke's birth narrative (Luke 2.22–39).
  37. ISBN 9780271048383
    .
  38. ^ Bengel, J. A. (1759), Bengel's Gnomon on Luke 2, accessed 6 July 2020
  39. ^ This word is used at Luke 2:48 in The Passion Translation by Brian Simmons; other translations refer to his parents' anxiety and their amazement on finding him
  40. ^ Luke 2:49 in various translations, such as the New Revised Standard Version
  41. ^ Luke 2:49 in translations such as the New King James Version
  42. ISBN 0-88207-812-7
    p. 210
  43. ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: Evening Prayer as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 21
  44. ^ Block, Daniel I. (2001). "Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives" (PDF). Didaskalia. 12 (2). Retrieved 19 July 2011.

Sources

Further reading

External links
Preceded by
Luke 1 		Chapters of the Bible
Gospel of Luke 		Succeeded by
Luke 3
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