Luke 20
Luke 20 | |
---|---|
Book | Gospel of Luke |
Category | Gospel |
Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 3 |
Luke 20 is the twentieth chapter of the
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 47 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 75 (written about AD 175-225)
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Bezae (c. 400)
- Codex Washingtonianus (c. 400)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; extant verses 1-27)
Old Testament references
- Psalm 118:22
- Leviratelaw
- Luke 20:37: Exodus 3:6,15: the passage about the burning bush
- Luke 20:42,43: Psalm 110:1[3]
Jesus' authority questioned (20:1-8)
Luke follows Mark 11:27–33 with some abbreviation, and with some material peculiar to himself.[4]
- One day, as he was teaching the people in the temple and telling the good news, the chief priests and the scribes came with the elders ...[5]
The New King James Version reads "on one of those days", reflecting the additional word εκεινων (ekeinōn), inserted into the Textus Receptus. This word, added "for greater precision", is missing "from the authorities of greatest importance, condemned by Johann Jakob Griesbach, and deleted by Karl Lachmann and Constantin von Tischendorf".[4]
Luke presents Jesus continuing to teach 'the people' in the Temple,
Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers (20:9-19)
This
Verse 16
He will come and destroy those vinedressers and give the vineyard to others.
And when they heard it they said, 'Certainly not!'[14]
In the climax of the story it is announced that the owner will come, to "destroy" those husbandmen and gives the vineyard to others. In Matthew's version, the proposal is put forward by those listening to the parable.[15] "Certainly not!", or "No - never!",[16] (Greek: μὴ γένοιτο, mē genoito), is a characteristically Pauline phrase only used here within the Gospels, but frequently in Paul’s Epistles: see Romans 6#The Bearing of Justification by Grace upon a Holy Life.[17]
Verses 17–18
17Then He looked at them and said, "What then is this that is written:
The stone which the builders rejected
Has become the chief cornerstone?
18Whoever falls on that stone will be broken; but on whomever it falls, it will grind him to powder.[18]
These words, alluding to
This parable concerned the chief priests and Pharisees and was given to the people present in
The Pharisees' question: Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar? (20:20-26)
A question about the tribute money:
- And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly.[21]
Verse 20
- So they watched Him, and sent spies who pretended to be righteous, that they might seize on His words, in order to deliver Him to the power and the authority of the governor.[22]
These tactics are slightly different from the way they are presented by Matthew (Matthew 22:15) and Mark (Mark 12:13): they sent some Pharisees and some
The Sadducees' question: What about the resurrection? (20:27-40)
- Then some of the Sadducees, who deny that there is a resurrection, came to Him and asked ...[25]
Using the example of a woman who has successively married seven brothers in accordance with the Mosaic rule of levirate marriage prescribed by Deuteronomy 25:5, the Sadducees put "something of a trick question" to Jesus, exploring "the sense in which life after death can be meaningful".[26] Farrar notes that verses 27-39 relate the discomfiture of the Sadducees.[8]
No further questions (verse 40)
Luke 20:40, and similarly Matthew 22:46, record that after this series of partisan questions, the scribes concluded that they were not able to outwit Jesus and "after that they dared not question Him anymore".
American theologian Albert Barnes suggests that "never was wisdom more clear, never more triumphant";[27] Farrar, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, reflects that at this point events became more perilous for Jesus as his opponents recognised that they would be unable "to pose themselves as superiors to [him] in wisdom and knowledge", and contempt was therefore "deepened into real hatred".[8]
Beware of the scribes (20:41-47)
Verse 46 ("Beware of the scribes, who desire to go around in long robes, love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the
- Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces.[28]
See also
- Burning bush
- David
- Jerusalem
- John the Baptist
- Ministry of Jesus
- Moses
- Parables of Jesus
- Other related Exodus 3, Joshua 10, Psalm 110, Psalm 118, Matthew 21, Matthew 22, Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Mark 11, Mark 12, Acts 2, Acts 5; Romans 8; Hebrews 1, Hebrews 5, Hebrews 6, Hebrews 7, Hebrews 10, Hebrews 12
References
- ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 839. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ a b Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary on Luke 20, accessed 13 August 2020
- NRSV
- ^ Luke 19:47
- ^ Franklin, E., 59. Luke in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 952
- ^ a b c d Farrar, F. W., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Luke 20, accessed 14 July 2018
- ^ Luke 19:7: New Revised Standard Version
- ^ Crossan, J. D., The Parable of the Wicker Husbandmen, Journal of Biblical Literature, volume 90, no. 4, December 1971, footnote 11, p. 455, accessed 25 October 2023
- ^ Vincent, M. (1886), Vincent's Word Studies on Luke 20, accessed 13 July 2018
- ^ BibleGateway.com, Translations of 1 Samuel 25:21, accessed 13 July 2018
- ^ Bengel, J., Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament on Luke 20, accessed 13 July 2018
- ^ Luke 20:16: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 21:41
- ^ Luke 20:16: Holman Christian Standard Bible
- ^ Nicoll, W R, The Expositor's Greek Testament on Luke 20, accessed 31 January 2022
- ^ Luke 20:17–18: NKJV
- ISBN 9780851106489.
- ^ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on Luke 20, accessed 2 February 2021
- ^ Luke 20:21: King James Version
- ^ Luke 20:20
- Plumptre, E. H. (1905), Ellicott's Commentary for English Readerson Luke 20, accessed 16 August 2020
- ^ Luke 23:1
- ^ Luke 20:27: NKJV
- ^ Franklin, E., 59. Luke in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 953
- ^ Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Matthew 22, references in his Notes on Luke 20, accessed 14 July 2018
- ^ Luke 11:43
External links
- Luke 20 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
Preceded by Luke 19 |
Chapters of the Bible Gospel of Luke |
Succeeded by Luke 21 |