Lumen Technologies
ASN | ||
Website | lumen | |
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Footnotes / references [1][2] |
Lumen Technologies, Inc. (formerly CenturyLink and Qwest) is an American
Its communications services have included local and long-distance voice, broadband, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), private line (including special access), Ethernet, hosting (including cloud hosting and managed hosting), data integration, video, network, public access, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), information technology, and other ancillary services.[5]
Lumen also serves global enterprise customers across North America, Latin America, and Asia Pacific.[6] It previously served the Europe, Middle East, and Africa enterprise markets, until the Lumen EMEA subsidiary was acquired by UK-based Colt Technology Services in November 2023 for $1.8b USD.[7]
History
The earliest predecessor of Lumen was the Oak Ridge Telephone Company in Oak Ridge, Louisiana, which was owned by F. E. Hogan, Sr. In 1930, Hogan sold the company, with 75 paid subscribers, to William Clarke and Marie Williams, for $500. In 1946, Clarke McRae Williams received ownership of the family's telephone company as a wedding gift. Clarke purchased the Marion Telephone Company and eventually made it his base of operation as he grew his company through more acquisitions. The company remained as a family-operated business until it became incorporated in 1968. It went public in 1971.[8]
1967–1999
By 1967, Oak Ridge Telephone Company served three states with 10,000 access lines. That year, the company was incorporated as Central Telephone and Electronics. Clarke M. Williams served as president and chairman of the board.[8]
In 1971, the company was renamed Century Telephone Enterprises, Inc.[8] In 1972, Century Telephone acquired the La Crosse Telephone Corporation, of Wisconsin. This began a multi-decade spree of acquisitions which grew the size of the company.[9] The company went public in 1978 on the New York Stock Exchange.[8]
In 1985, Century Telephone sold several subsidiaries to Colonial Telephone for $4.66 million.[10]
In 1987, the stock price rapidly increased from its low that year, before dropping in the
From 1991-1995 the company continued its acquisition strategy which added tens of thousand of phone lines and grew the long term debt from $205 million to $602 million with $115 million in annual net income. By 1995 it was the 16th largest communications company in the United States with over 3000 employees. Two hundred employees were unionized through the Communications Workers of America.[12]
In 1997 the company bought Pacific Telecom for $1.5 billion. This acquisition added 1.9 million cell lines to Century's network and nearly doubled the size of the company. After the acquisition Century's network served 21 states and 2 million customers.[13] The company sold off some of its telephone assets to smaller competitors for hundreds of millions of dollars.[14][15]
2000s
In 2000, the company acquired 490,000 telephone lines from Verizon for $1.5 billion. It then sold "substantially all" of its wireless business to Alltel for $1.59 billion in 2002. Through 2002 the company grew to nearly 7000 employees with approximately 1500 of them organized in various unions. At this time the company had about $800 million in net income and $3.6 billion in debt.[16] In 2003 the company acquired Digital Teleport ($39 million) and Level 3 communications ($16 million) which then formed some of its main assets and expanded the company's fiber network offering.[9] By 2004, CenturyTel was the eighth largest local telephone provider in the United States. In this time it paid down its long term debt to $2.7 billion and its net income fell to $337 million annually.[17] In 2005, CenturyTel began offering satellite television services. In 2007, "workforce reduction" resulted in 600 employees laid-off and received $336 million in Federal and State subsidy. CenturyTel received an additional $333 million the previous year. Most of these funds were received through the "High Cost Support Loop" program. From 2004-2007 CenturyTel repurchased approximately $2 billion in shares.[18]
2008 merger with Embarq and name change to CenturyLink
On October 27, 2008, Embarq announced that it would be acquired by CenturyTel, Inc. in an all-stock transaction valued at about $6 billion.[19][20] CenturyTel's CEO Glen Post would remain CEO of the merged company following the acquisition,[21] and remained CEO until 2018.[22] Embarq was the former landline business of Sprint and served cities in 18 states, including Nevada, Florida, North Carolina, and Ohio.[23] The deal made CenturyTel the third-largest landline phone provider in Pennsylvania behind Verizon (through both Verizon Pennsylvania and Verizon North) and Comcast. On June 2, 2009, a press release announced that the combined CenturyTel/Embarq entity would be called CenturyLink.[24] Denver-based Monigle Associates was retained to formulate the new brand strategy. The acquisition was completed on July 1, 2009.[25]
On October 19, 2009, CenturyTel and Embarq brandings were retired, and all business was officially conducted under the CenturyLink banner, continuing to trade on the NYSE under the CenturyTel stock ticker CTL. The new corporate name, CenturyLink, Inc., did not become official until May 2010.[26][27]
2010 merger with Qwest
On April 22, 2010, CenturyLink (at this point still legally known as CenturyTel, Inc.) announced it would acquire Qwest in a stock-for-stock transaction.[28] Under the agreement, CenturyLink would swap 0.1664 of its shares for each share of Qwest; as a result, CenturyLink shareholders prior to the merger wound up with 50.5% share of ownership in the combined company, while former Qwest shareholders gained the remaining 49.5%.[29] The valuation of CenturyLink's purchase was $12 billion.[19] The merger was completed on April 1, 2011.[30][31][32]
The addition of Qwest allowed CenturyLink to become the third largest telecommunications company in the United States, and the largest landline phone provider in the state of Colorado.[22] The new company has 17 million access lines, 5 million broadband customers, and 1.4 million video subscribers across 37 states.[33] The merger also made CenturyLink owner of one of the Former Regional Bell Operating Companies: the successor to US West, which had been purchased by Qwest in 2000.[34]
Further acquisitions (2011–2019)
On July 15, 2011,
On December 4, 2012,[37] CenturyLink launched an integrated suite of cloud services called Savvisdirect.[38] Savvisdirect was an expansion of CenturyLink's portfolio of Savvis cloud services and includes cloud application hosting,[39] cloud servers,[40] cloud storage,[41] and private cloud[42] for small businesses, IT administrators, and developers. CenturyLink later shuttered the savvisdirect subsidiary, consolidating their cloud service offerings internally.
On October 16, 2012, Savvis acquired the ITO Business Division of Ciber, thereby adding managed services to the portfolio.[43]
On June 14, 2013, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of AppFog, a
On November 19, 2013, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of Tier 3, a Seattle-based infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform, an advanced cloud management company[45] based on Cloud Foundry.[46]
On December 8, 2014, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of DataGardens, Inc., a Disaster Recovery as-a-Service (DRaaS) provider based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.[47]
On December 11, 2014, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of Cognilytics, a predictive analytics and big data service provider.[48]
On March 30, 2016, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of netAura, a security services company that focuses on cybersecurity, security information and event management (SIEM), analytics, and vulnerability management.[49]
On October 31, 2016, CenturyLink announced its intent to acquire Level 3 Communications in a deal valued at around $25 billion.[50] After securing the necessary regulatory approvals, CenturyLink closed the transaction on November 1, 2017.[51] This acquisition can now be viewed as a takeover from the inside. Level3 shareholders would only approve the deal if CenturyLink retired their CFO and eventually CEO. Eventually all former CenturyLink executives would be replaced by former Level3 managers leaving only HR and legal executives in place.
On January 9, 2017, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of Edison, New Jersey-based SEAL Consulting, a leading SAP services provider. This expanded CenturyLink's existing integrated SAP capabilities of hosting and managed services to include integration and software implementation.[52] CenturyLink ended 2017 with $1.3 billion in net income.[53]
By the end of 2018, CenturyLink had $35 billion in long term debt. It determined it has overestimated the value of its goodwill and wrote down a $2.7 billion loss. This resulted in a $1.7 billion loss in net income for 2018.[53]
On September 10, 2019, CenturyLink announced the acquisition of Streamroot, a provider of technology to improve video and static content delivery within bandwidth constrained areas.[54]
2020 name change to Lumen
On September 14, 2020, CenturyLink, Inc announced that it had changed its name to Lumen Technologies, Inc.[55] Effective with the opening of the trading day on Sept. 18, 2020, the company stock ticker changed from CTL to LUMN. The CenturyLink brand will continue to be the customer-facing brand for traditional copper-based services. Fiber-based products and services will use the brand Quantum Fiber.[56]
2021-2023 Divestments
On August 3, 2021, Lumen announced it would sell its incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) operations in 20 states to Apollo Global Management for $7.5 billion.[57] The assets being sold are located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Essentially, Lumen was jettisoning the core of the old CenturyTel and Embarq, including its assets in its home state of Louisiana. Lumen will retain ILEC operations in 16 states, including Florida, Nevada, and the states formerly served by Qwest: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.[58] The sale closed in October 2022; the sold ILEC operations were rebranded as Brightspeed.[59]
In 2023, a deal was inked with Colt Technology Services in which Lumen EMEA, its subsidiary serving the Europe, Middle East, and Africa enterprise markets, would be sold to Colt for $1.8b USD.[7] The deal allows Lumen to continue serving multinational enterprise customers via Colt's infrastructure.[60]
Products and services
Lumen's products and services focus on three segments: enterprise business, small business, and residential.[61]
Lumen enterprise business
Lumen Enterprise Business provides products and services around network, cloud, security, voice, and managed services to enterprise customers.
Lumen content delivery network
Lumen is a global content delivery network (CDN) with 170 Tbit/s of global edge capacity in over 90 cities worldwide.[69] Its CDN offering is supported by a peer-to-peer CDN overlay to expand capacity, and a load balancer to distribute traffic for multi-CDN architectures. The points of presence are located over all continents, as shown on this map.
Lumen has developed the edge capabilities of its global CDN through its partnership with Section.io. They now offer a flexible edge framework on which you can bring applications to boost performance, optimize websites and secure web assets (using external apps such as ThreatX, Perimeter X, etc.). They received a Frost & Sullivan Award for their web security offering in 2021.[70]
In October 2023 Lumen announced sale of select CDN customer contracts to Akamai, winding down the CDN business.[71]
CenturyLink small business
CenturyLink Small Business provides products and services around Internet, Phone, TV, and Cloud Applications.[72] Like CenturyLink Residential, CenturyLink Small Business offers DirecTV, but the residential and business packages are designed for the different settings.[73]
CenturyLink residential
CenturyLink Residential provides Internet (either DSL or Gigabit Fiber, depending on the package), voice, and TV, via partnership with
Availability by state
CenturyLink residential services are available in the following states:[76][77][78]
- Arizona
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Idaho
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Minnesota
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Mexico
- New Jersey
- North Dakota
- Oregon
- South Dakota
- Utah
- Washington
- Wyoming
CenturyLink business services are available in the following states:[79]
- Arizona
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Idaho
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Minnesota
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Mexico
- North Dakota
- Oregon
- South Dakota
- Utah
- Washington
- Wyoming
Fiber
Quantum Fiber is a
Lumen maintains and operates dark fiber within the United States for the Department of Defense, contracting announcements indicate.[88] This is a continuation of CenturyLink's work.[89][90]
Gigabit Fiber markets
State | Availability by City[91] |
---|---|
Arizona[92] | Flagstaff, Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Prescott, Safford, Sierra Vista-Douglas, Tucson, Yuma |
Colorado[93] | Boulder, Colorado Springs, Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Fort Collins, Grand Junction, Greeley, Pueblo |
Florida[94] | Arcadia, Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Clewiston, Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, Ocala, Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Punta Gorda, Sebring, Tallahassee, The Villages, Longwood |
Iowa[92] | Ames, Cedar Rapids, Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Des Moines-West Des Moines, Dubuque, Omaha-Council Bluffs, Sioux City, Waterloo-Cedar Falls |
Idaho[92] | Blackfoot, Boise City, Burley, Hailey, Idaho Falls, Lewiston, Pocatello, Rexburg, Twin Falls |
Minnesota[95] | Alexandria, Bemidji, Duluth, Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Rochester, St. Cloud |
Montana[96] | Billings, Bozeman, Great Falls, Helena, Kalispell, Missoula |
Nebraska[95] | Grand Island, Omaha-Council Bluffs |
Nevada[95] | Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise |
New Jersey[97] | Warren County, Hunterdon County, Sussex County |
New Mexico[92] | Albuquerque, Farmington, Las Cruces, Santa Fe |
North Dakota[96] | Bismarck, Dickinson, Fargo |
Oregon[95] | Albany, Bend-Redmond, Corvallis, Eugene, Grants Pass, Hermiston-Pendleton, Medford, Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Prineville, Salem |
South Dakota[92] | Pierre, Rapid City, Sioux Falls, Yankton |
Utah[95] | Cedar City, Heber, Logan, Ogden-Clearfield, Provo-Orem, Salt Lake City, St. George, Summit Park |
Washington[95] | Aberdeen, Bellingham, Bremerton-Silverdale, Kennewick-Richland, Longview, Moses Lake, Olympia-Tumwater, Port Angeles, Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Spokane-Spokane Valley, Walla Walla, Yakima |
Wyoming[96] | Casper, Cheyenne, Gillette, Jackson, Laramie, Rock Springs |
Data centers
On May 2, 2017, CenturyLink, Inc. completed the previously announced sale of its data centers and colocation business to funds advised by BC Partners, in a consortium including Medina Capital Advisors and Longview Asset Management. The deal was worth approximately $1.86 billion, with CenturyLink retaining an approximately 10% equity stake in the consortium's newly formed global secure infrastructure company, Cyxtera Technologies.[61]
Organizational structure
As of 2018,[update] Lumen is the second largest U.S. communications provider to global enterprise customers, second to
Name | Title |
Kate Johnson[101] | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Jay Barrows[102] | President, Enterprise Sales and Public Sector |
Maxine L. Moreau[103] | President, Mass Markets |
Andrew Dugan[104] | Chief Technology Officer |
Chris Stansbury[105] | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Satish Lakshmanan[106] | Executive Vice President and Chief Product and Strategy Officer |
Ashley Haynes-Gaspar[107] | Executive Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer |
Ana White[108] | Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer |
Kye Prigg[109] | Executive Vice President of Enterprise Operations |
Stacey W. Goff[110] | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
Naming rights and sponsorships
Venue naming rights
Current
- Lumen Field – Seattle, Washington (formerly Seahawks Stadium, Qwest Field, and CenturyLink Field)
Former
- CenturyLink Arena Boise – Boise, Idaho(now Idaho Central Arena, formerly Bank of America Centre and Qwest Arena)
- CenturyLink Center – Bossier City, Louisiana(now Brookshire Grocery Arena, formerly Bossier City Arena and CenturyTel Center)
- CenturyLink Center Omaha – Omaha, Nebraska(now CHI Health Center Omaha, formerly Qwest Center Omaha)
Sponsorships
- Denver Broncos[111]
- Orlando Magic[111]
- Idaho Steelheads[111]
- Seattle Seahawks[111]
- Texas Rangers
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers
- Minnesota Vikings[111]
- Portland Trail Blazers[111]
- ULM[111]
- LA Tech
Outages and other technical issues
The Federal Communications Commission ordered CenturyLink to pay a record $16 million for failing to alert authorities of a preventable programming error that left nearly 11 million people in seven states without access to emergency services for six hours in 2014.[112][113]
In December 2018, CenturyLink faced criticism for requiring residential customers in Utah to, via
On December 27, 2018, a "nationwide outage" caused
On January 8, 2020, CenturyLink was required to pay $8.9 million to customers in Minnesota in a settlement regarding over-billing. In addition to the payment, CenturyLink is required to reform billing practices and submit audits to the Minnesota Attorney General's office.[118] According to reports, CenturyLink disagreed with the charges, but settled to avoid litigation costs.[119]
On August 30, 2020, CenturyLink suffered a major technical outage due to misconfiguration in one of the company's data centers. The outage impacted tech giants such as
On March 9, 2024, connectivity services maintained by Lumen were disrupted affecting
See also
- List of CenturyLink operating companies
- List of United States telephone companies
- Tier 1 network
References
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After returning from World War II in 1946, Mr. Williams was given ownership of the company as a wedding gift and borrowed $150 to pay the freight charges for the company's first dial switcher. In 1950, he bought an additional exchange in Marion, La., and expanded the company into a three-state service with 10,000 access lines. In 1968, Mr. Williams incorporated the company as Central Telephone and Electronics.
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- ^ a b c "CenturyLink Internet | Plans & Availability Map". HighSpeedInternet.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
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- ^ "Ashley Haynes-Gaspar". Lumen Newsroom. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
- ^ "Ana White Named Lumen EVP, Chief People Officer". GovCon Wire. July 21, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
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- ^ "FCC Fines CenturyLink $16M, Intrado Communications $1.4M For Actions During Massive 911 Outage". April 6, 2015.
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- ^ "Nationwide CenturyLink outage impacting 911 cellphone calls in Massachusetts". December 28, 2018.
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- ^ "Attorney General Ellison obtains nearly $9 million settlement with CenturyLink for overcharging Minnesota customers". www.ag.state.mn.us. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
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- ^ Grening, David (March 9, 2024). "Domestic Product surges late in wagerless Tampa Bay Derby". DRF. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
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External links
- Official website (Lumen Technologies)
- Official website (CenturyLink)
- Official website (CenturyTel)
- Business data for Lumen Technologies, Inc.: