Luoyang dialect

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Luoyang
洛陽話
Native toChina
RegionLuoyang, Henan
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
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The Luoyang dialect is a dialect of

Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in Luoyang and nearby parts of Henan province.[1]

The old Luoyang dialect served as one of historical standards of Chinese from the

southern variety [of Mandarin]; the predecessor of modern Northern Mandarin began as a tiny regional dialect near Khanbaliq".[3][note 1]

Phonology

Initials

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal 		Velar
Nasal
 m
n
Plosive p pʰ
t tʰ
 		k kʰ
Affricate ts tsʰ tʂ tʂʰ tɕ tɕʰ
Fricative f v s ʂ ʐ ɕ x ɣ
Lateral
l
w
Labio-velar approximant
ɥ
Labio-palatal approximant
j
Palatal approximant

Finals

Features

  • The Middle Chinese
    entering tone
    for more.)
  • Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin.
  • The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives in Standard are often fronted to alveolar fricatives in Luoyang.
  • The distinction between /w/ and /v/, lost in Standard, is maintained in Luoyang.
  • The retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly further forward.
  • The alveolo-palatal series is slightly further back than in Standard Mandarin.
  • Standard final /œ/ and /ɑu/ are often backed to [ɔ] in Luoyang. For example, 学 (Standard [ɕɥœ̌]/[ɕɥě], to learn) is [ɕɥɔ], and 角 (Standard [tɕjɑù]/[tɕjàʊ], horn) is [tɕɥɔ].
  • Standard final /əi/ is pronounced [ɯ] or [i] in certain environments in Luoyang.
  • Standard final /n/ nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect.
  • The -儿 suffix is pronounced /ɯ/.

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ^ Jerry Norman (1997 [2004]) elaborated further on Luoyang's history of Southern Mandarin.[4]

Citations

  1. ^ Kurparska 2010, p. 165.
  2. ^ Pulleyblank 1983, pp. 2–3; Kaske 2008, p. 44; Dong 2014, p. 45.
  3. ^ Lu, Shuxiang 吕叔湘; Jiang, Lansheng 江蓝生 (1985). Jìndài Hànyǔ zhǐshì dàicí 近代汉语指示代词 [Demonstrative Pronoun in Modern Chinese] (in Chinese). Shànghǎi: Xuelin chubanshe. 北宋的时候，中原的方言还是属于南方系；现在的北系官话的前身只是燕京一带的一个小区域的方言
  4. Yu, Aiqin 余靄芹; Endō, Mitsuaki 遠藤 光暁 (eds.). Hashimoto Mantarō kinen Chūgoku gogaku ronshū 橋本萬太郎紀念中国語学論集. Tōkyō: Uchiyama Shoten. An online paywall version is available in Chinese translation, Norman, Jerry (2004). "關於官話方言早期發展的一些想法". 《方言》 (4). Translated by Mei, Tsu-Lin
    .

References
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