Lurs

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Lurs
Dasmâl-bâzi dance, Mamasani, Iran
Total population
5,000,000
Regions with significant populations
 Iran
  • 4–5 million[1][2]
    Approximately 6% of Iran's population
Languages
Luri and Persian
Religion
Mainly Shia Islam; minority Sunni Islam and Yarsanism[3]
Related ethnic groups
Other Iranian peoples

The Lurs (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.[4]

Ilam Province.[8]

History

West side of the elamite rock relief said “Kul-e Farah”
Elam
Relief of an Elamite noblewoman

Lurs are a mixture of aboriginal

Gutians. In accordance with geographical and archaeological matching, some historians argue that the Elamites were the Proto-Lurs, whose language became Iranian only in the Middle Ages.[9][10] The distinctive characteristics of the Lur dialects imply that they were Iranized by Persis rather than Media.[11]

The history of the Lurs is closely linked with the dynasties that ruled in

Atabegs, was unaffected by any outside attempts to conquer Lorestan or seize portions of its land.[12]

The new Iranian monarch Reza Shah (r. 1925–1941) brought the Bakhtiari lands into the normal system of Iranian government, which included forcibly making semi-nomadic tribesmen settle. The semi-nomadic way of life that many Bakhtiaris and Lurs were familiar with, however, returned as a result of Reza Shah's toppling in 1941 and the period of less effective rule during the early years of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign. In 1986, at the time of the publication of Vladimir Minorsky's entry on the Lurs in the 2nd edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, a sizeable portion of the Lurs and Bakhtiaris were still living that way of life.[13]

Culture

The authority of tribal elders remains a strong influence among the nomadic population. It is not as dominant among the settled urban population. As among Kurds, Lur women have much greater freedom than women in other groups within the region. The women have more freedom to participate in different social activities, to wear diverse types of female clothing and to sing and dance in different ceremonies.[14] Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari is a notable Luri woman.[15] Luri music, Luri clothing and Luri folk dances are some of the most distinctive ethno-cultural characteristics of this ethnic group.

Many Lurs are small-scale agriculturists and shepherds. A few Lurs are also traveling musicians. Luri textiles and weaving skills are highly esteemed for their workmanship and beauty.[16]

Religion

Most Lurs are Shia Muslim. Historically, many Lurs adhered to Yarsanism but almost the whole Yarsani Luri population has converted to Shia Islam.[17] A small Sunni Muslim community of Lurs also exists.[3] According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Lurs revere bread and fire like the Zoroastrians.[18] Recent reports also indicate a growing Zoroastrian religious movement, particularly among Bakhtiari Lurs.[19]

Language

Luri is a Western Iranian language continuum spoken by about four million people. The continuum constitutes the three dialects of Bakhtiari, Luristani and Southern Luri which linguist Anonby situates between Kurdish and Persian.[6]

Luri branches

There are several established branches of the Luri language.[20]

  • Bakhtiari
  • Southern Lori
    • Boyerahmadi (Yasuji)
    • Kohgiluyei
    • Mamasani
  • Luristani (Northern Lori)
    • Khorramabadi
    • Borujerdi
    • Bala Gariva Lori
    • Hinimini
    • Shuhani

Genetics

Considering their

T at 4%.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Iran". The World Factbook. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  2. ^ "Iran" (PDF). New America Foundation. June 12, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b Mortensen, Inge Demant (3 April 2015). "LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs". Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  4. ^ .
  5. .
  6. ^ .
  7. ^ Opie, James (1992). Tribal Rugs: Nomadic and Village Weavings from the Near East and Central Asia. 9781856690256: Pennsylvania State University. p. 104.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ^ Gheitasi, Mojtaba. "Language distribution: Ilam Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  9. .
  10. .
  11. ^ Minorsky 1986, p. 821.
  12. ^ Minorsky 1986, p. 824.
  13. ^ Minorsky 1986, p. 826.
  14. .
  15. .
  16. .
  17. .
  18. . Brill. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  19. ^ "Cleric Says Some Iranian Muslims Converting to Other Religions".
  20. ^ Anonby, Erik. "Traditional classification tree". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  21. ^
    PMID 22815981
    .
  22. ^ .
  23. ^ Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner P J, Lin A A, Arbuzova S, Beckman L E, de Benedictis G, Francalacci P, Kouvatsi A, Limborska S, et al. (2000) Science 290:1155–1159
  24. ^ Underhill P A, Passarino G, Lin A A, Shen P, Foley R A, Mirazon-Lahr M, Oefner P J, Cavalli-Sforza L L (2001) Ann Hum Genet 65:43–62
  25. PMID 15069642
    .
  26. ^ .

External links

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