Lusitano

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For other uses, see Lusitano (disambiguation).
Lusitano
A Lusitano horse
Other namesPortuguese horse, Peninsular horse, Betico-lusitano
Country of originPortugal
Traits
Distinguishing featuresConvex profile, powerful neck and hindquarters, high-stepping gait
Breed standards

The Lusitano, also known as the Pure Blood Lusitano or PSL (Puro Sangue Lusitano), is a

bull fighting. The Portuguese horse was named the Lusitano, after the word Lusitania
, the ancient Roman name for the region that modern Portugal occupies. There are four main breed lineages within the breed today, and characteristics differ slightly between each line.

Lusitanos can be any solid

World Equestrian Games as part of the Portuguese and Spanish dressage teams. They have also made a showing in driving
competitions, with a Belgian team of Lusitanos winning multiple international titles.

History

Horses were known to humans on what is now the

Carthaginians and Romans resulted in these civilizations establishing stud farms that bred cavalry horses for the Roman army from local stock.[1]

A 1603 painting of a Spanish war horse, an ancestor of the modern Lusitano

When the

Bullfighting on horseback and displays of high school dressage were common entertainment for the Portuguese gentry.[1]

genetic cluster that is largely separated from most Iberian breeds.[3][5][6][7] One maternal lineage is shared with the Lusitano,[8] however, Sorraia lineages in Iberian breeds are relatively recent, dating to the Middle Ages, making the Sorraia an unlikely prehistoric ancestor of the Lusitano.[2]

Prior to modern times, horse breeds throughout Europe were known primarily by the name of the region where they were bred.[9] The Lusitano takes its name from Lusitania,[9] an ancient Roman name for the region that today is Portugal. A very similar horse, the Spanish Andalusian, originally described the horses of distinct quality that came from Andalusia in Spain.[10] Some sources state that the Andalusian and the Lusitano are genetically the same breed, and the only difference is the country in which individual horses are born.[11] The Lusitano is also known as the Portuguese, Peninsular, National or Betico-lusitano horse.[12]

A modern Lusitano

During the 16th and 17th centuries, horses moved continually between Spain and Portugal, and horses from the studs of Andalusia were used to improve the Portuguese cavalry. Portugal's successful

Bombay garrisons. These garrisons included large groups of Portuguese cavalry, mounted on Iberian horses.[15]

Prior to the 1960s, the Iberian-type horse was called the Andalusian in both Portugal and Spain. In 1966, the Lusitano name was adopted by Portugal after a studbook separation by the two countries.

Crossbred horses of partial Lusitano blood are popular, especially when crossed with Andalusian, Arabian or Thoroughbred blood.[18]

Strains and sub-types

The Portuguese stud book recognizes six horses (five

foundation horses of the three main breed lineages: Andrade, Veiga and Coudelaria Nacional (Portuguese State Stud). Although each line meets breed standards, they differ from each other in individual characteristics. The six foundation horses are:[19]

A black Lusitano
  • Agareno, a 1931 Veiga stallion, out of Bagocha, by Lidador
  • Primorosa, a 1927 Dominquez Hermanos stallion, out of Primorosa II, by Presumido
  • Destinado, a 1930 Dominquez Hermanos stallion, out of Destinada, by Alegre II
  • Marialva II, a 1930 Antonio Fontes Pereira de Melo stallion, out of Campina, by Marialva
  • Regedor, a 1923 Alter Real stallion, out of Gavina, by Gavioto
  • Hucharia, a 1943 Coudelaria Nacional mare, out of Viscaina, by Cartujano

Alter Real

The Alter Real is a strain of the Lusitano which is bred only at the Alter Real State Stud in Portugal.

Spanish-Norman and Hanoverian blood. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries the strain was re-established with the further introduction of Spanish blood.[23]

In the early 20th century, with the 1910 revolution that ended the monarchy, the Alter Real strain faced extinction, as records were burned, stallions were gelded and the stud discontinued. Ruy d'Andrade, a specialist in Iberian horse breeds, saved two stallions and several mares, and was able to re-establish the strain, turning his herd over to the Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture in 1942, when the stud was reopened.[24] The Portuguese state has maintained ownership of the stud, and continues to produce horses for use in high school dressage.[25]

Registration

Today, outside of Portugal and Spain, breeding, showing and registration of both Lusitanos and Andalusians are often closely linked. One example is the Australasian Lusitano Horse Association of Australasia (LHAA), which shares responsibility for the Purebred Iberian Horse (an Andalusian/Lusitano cross) with the Australasia Andalusian Association,[26] as well as hosting a combined National Show for the two breeds in Australia. The LHAA was formed in 2003 to register and promote the Lusitano breed in Australia and New Zealand, and in June 2005 signed an agreement with their parent organization, the Portuguese Associação Portuguesa de Criadores do Cavalo Puro Sangue Lusitano, to follow that association's rules and regulations. The LHAA maintains two studbooks (for the purebred Lusitano and the purebred Iberian) and a crossbred registry for horses with one Lusitano parent.[27][28] An example of a combined registry is the International Andalusian and Lusitano Horse Association (IALHA).[29]

Characteristics and uses

2014 World Equestrian Games

Lusitanos are generally

black, buckskin and palomino. Only bays are bred at the Alter Real stud.[12][18] They usually stand 15.2 and 15.3 hands (62 and 63 inches, 157 and 160 cm) high, although some stand over 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm).[12] Members of the breed have narrow, but well-proportioned, heads with profiles that are slightly convex. The necks are thick and arched, leading to well defined withers, shoulders that are muscular and sloping and a deep, broad chest. The horses have short, strong backs and rounded, sloped croups, leading to a low-set tail. The legs are sturdy and muscled. Lusitanos are known as powerful horses, noted for their intelligence and willing nature.[1] The breed's gaits are agile and elevated, but generally comfortable to ride.[12] The Lusitano differs from the Andalusian through having a more sloped croup, a lower-set tail, and a more convex head profile. The mane and tail are extremely thick in both breeds.[16]

Lusitano in a bullfight

The ancestors of the Lusitano were originally used for

Summer Olympics.[30] In 2006, the entire Portuguese dressage team rode Lusitanos at the World Equestrian Games, as did one Spanish dressage competitor. The Belgian Brasseur took the gold medal in four-in-hand driving at the same competition with a team composed solely of Lusitanos.[31]

They are still used for mounted bullfighting today, in a form where the bull is not killed and it is considered a disgrace to the rider if the horse is injured. Horses bred for this sport must be agile and calm, remaining in the control of the rider even when confronted by a bull.

foundation stallion of the Mangalarga Marchador breed.[24]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Lusitano". International Museum of the Horse. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
  2. ^
    S2CID 1376591.[dead link
    ]
  3. ^
    PMID 16251517.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^ d'Andrade, R (1945). "Sorraia". Boletim Pecuário (in Portuguese). 13: 1–13.
  5. PMID 12130666.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  6. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.006
    .
  7. PMID 16978180
    .
  8. PMID 17177696.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. ^ a b Bennett, Conquerors, p. 158
  10. ^ Bennett, Conquerors, p. 159
  11. ^ Stephens, Stephanie (July–August 2005). "Dressage:Superlative Alternatives" (PDF). Equestrian: 65–66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  12. ^ a b c d "Lusitano". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
  13. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, pp. 112-113
  14. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, p. 126
  15. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, pp. 95, 127
  16. ^ a b Edwards, The Encyclopedia of the Horse, p. 107
  17. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, pp. 128-130
  18. ^ a b "Origins of the Breed". Lusitano Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  19. ^ "Lusitano Lineages in Portugal". Lusitano Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  20. ^ Draper, The book of horses and horse care, p. 93
  21. ^ "Impressive Opening Ceremony Attended by 38,500 Spectators". World Equestrian Festival. July 3, 2007. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
  22. ^ "Historial" (in Portuguese). Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  23. ^ Bongianni, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies, Entry 8
  24. ^ a b Hendricks, International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds, p. 14
  25. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, p. 32
  26. ^ "Homepage". Andalusian Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  27. ^ "About Us". Lusitano Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  28. ^ "The Stud Books and the Crossbred Register". Lusitano Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  29. ^ "Andalusian". International Museum of the Horse. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  30. ^ Veder, Tina (September 2005). "The Andalusian & Lusitano" (PDF). Equestrian: 53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  31. ^ Fédération Equestre Internationale (November 4, 2007). "Lusitano Horses - The Pride of Portugal". Horsetalk. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
  32. ^ Dutson, Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America , p. 72
  33. ^ Dutson, Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America , p. 102

References

External links

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