Luso-Chinese agreement
(Redirected from
Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)
)Sino-Portuguese relations, as Portuguese were until then officially barred from trading in the region.[1]
Military conflicts
In 1517 an embassy led by
pirates. Several Portuguese were captured at Shuangyu in 1548 near the Dongshan Peninsula and in 1549 where two Portuguese junks and Galeote Pereira
were captured.
Leonel de Sousa
The Portuguese later returned to China peacefully and presented themselves under the name Portuguese instead of Franks and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver
voyage to Japan,[2] had reached the coast of Guangdong in 1552, where he learned that all foreigners could trade through the payment of taxes to the Chinese, except the "Folanji" including Portuguese, then considered as pirates.[3]
He then asked that they comply with the assumptions of peace and payment of taxes, pledging to change this "name".
In 1554 Leonel de Sousa made an agreement with Guangzhou's officials to legalise trade with the Portuguese, on condition of paying certain
Captain-Major of Macau in 1558 (the equivalent of the later governor of Macau
).
Chinese historical documents claim the Portugal bribed corrupt local officials in Guangzhou to sign the agreement in private; however, the legitimacy of such claim has been debated in more recent academic studies.[8][9]
See also
- China–Portugal relations
- Jorge Álvares, first Portuguese person to land in China, in 1513
- Rafael Perestrello, another early Portuguese explorer in China, arriving in 1516
References
- ISBN 0-8047-2176-9.
- ^ a b Bailey Wallys Diffie; Boyd C. Shafer; George Davison Winus. Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415-1580. p. 389.
- ^ The Cambridge history of China, p.344
- ^ BRAGA, José Maria, "O primeiro acordo Luso-Chines realizado por Leonel de Sousa em 1554 reproduzido e anotado por J.M. Braga (Macau, 1939)
- ^ a b Bitterli & Robertson (1993), p. 140.
- ^ Zhang, p.91
- ISBN 0-521-24333-5
- ^ 譚世寶, 曹國慶 (March 2000). "對汪柏與中葡第一項協議的再探討". 文化雜誌. Republic of China calendar 89 (40–41 春–夏): 41–54.
- ^ 黃鴻釗 (April 2015). "汪柏私許葡人通市" (PDF). “一國兩制”研究. 2015–2 (24): 187–192.
External links
- J. M. Braga, "The First Sino-Portuguese Treaty Made by Leonel de Souza in 1554". Includes a full English translation of Leonel de Souza's letter mentioning the 1554 agreement.