Lustre (treaty)
Lustre is the
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Historical background
The Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE) of France maintains a close relationship with both the NSA and the GCHQ after discussions for increased cooperation began in November 2006.[5] By the early 2010s, the extent of cooperation in the joint interception of digital data by the DGSE and the NSA was noted to have increased dramatically.[5][6]
In 2011, a formal memorandum for data exchange was signed by the DGSE and the NSA, which facilitated the transfer of millions of metadata records from the DGSE to the NSA.[1] In 2013, the existence of the Lustre treaty was revealed in documents leaked by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden.[1]
Signatories
- Defence Signals Directorate(DSD) of Australia
- Communications Security Establishmentof Canada (CSEC)
Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) of New Zealand- Government Communications Headquarters(GCHQ) of the United Kingdom
National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States[1][2][3][4]
Scale of surveillance
The French telecommunications corporation Orange S.A. shares customer call data with the French intelligence agency DGSE, and the intercepted data is handed over to GCHQ.[7]
From December 2012 to 8 January 2013, over 70 million metadata records were handed over to the NSA by French intelligence agencies.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Jacques Follorou (2013-10-30). "Surveillance : la DGSE a transmis des données à la NSA américaine". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ a b c Le Parisien (2013-10-29). "Espionnage : la France aurait collaboré avec la NSA". Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ a b c Guillaume Champeau (2013-10-28). "Lustre : la France aurait coopéré avec la NSA". Numerama (in French). Archived from the original on 2014-02-09. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ a b c ZDNet.fr (2013-10-28). "Espionnage : la France perd son Lustre". ZDNet - France (in French). Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ a b Jacques Follorou (2013-11-29). "La France, précieux partenaire de l'espionnage de la NSA". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-11-30. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ Radio France Internationale (2013-11-29). "Espionnage: les services secrets français précieux partenaires de la NSA américaine". Radio France Internationale (in French). Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
- ^ Jacques Follorou (2014-03-20). "Espionnage : comment Orange et les services secrets coopèrent". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2014-03-20.