University of Lviv
Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка | |
Website | https://www.lnu.edu.ua/en/ |
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University rankings | |
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Global – Overall | |
QS World[2] | 1201-1400 (2023) |
THE World[3] | 1201–1500th (2023) |
Regional – Overall | |
QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia[4] | 191 (2022) |
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine.
The university is the oldest institution[
History
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The university was founded on 20 January 1661, when King
According to the
In 1758, King Augustus III issued a decree, which described the Collegium as an academy, equal in fact status to the Jagiellonian University, with two faculties, those of Theology and Philosophy.
Austrian rule
In 1772, the city of Lwów was annexed by
In 1805, the university was closed, as Austria, then involved in the
In 1848, when the pan-European revolution reached Lemberg (see: Revolutions of 1848), students of the university created two organizations: "The Academic Legion" and "the Academic Committee" both of which demanded that the university be Polonized. The government in Vienna answered with force, and on 2 November 1848, the centre of the city was shelled by the troops led by General Hammerstein striking the buildings of the university, especially its library. A curfew was called and the university was temporarily closed. Major demand for Ukrainians was the education of teachers and promotion of Ukrainian culture through Ukrainian courses at the university and to this end, a committee for the Defense of Ukrainian Education was created.[9]: 58
It was reopened in January 1850, with only limited autonomy. After a few years the Austrians relented and on 4 July[
Meanwhile, the University of Lemberg thrived, being one of two Polish language universities in Galicia, the other one was the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Its professors were famous across Europe, with such renowned names as
In the 1870s,
The number of students grew from 1,732 in 1897 to 3,582 in 1906. Poles made up around 75% of the students, Ukrainians 20%, other nationalities 5%.[6] In mid-December 1910, Ukrainian women students at Lviv University established a Student Union's women's branch, their twenty members meeting regularly to discuss current affairs. In July 1912, they met with their Jewish counterpart branch to discuss the representation of women in the student body of the university.[9]: 64
Second Polish Republic
During the Interbellum period, the region was part of the Second Polish Republic and the university was known as "Jan Kazimierz University"[6][11] (Polish: Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza), in honor of its founder, King John II Casimir Vasa. The decision to name the school after the king was taken by the government of Poland on 22 November 1919.[12]
In 1920, the university was rehoused by the Polish government in the building formerly used by the
Lwów was the second most important academic center in inter-war Poland.[13] The Jan Kazimierz University was the third biggest university[14] in the country after the University of Warsaw and the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. It was one of the most influential scholarly institutions of the Second Polish Republic, notable for its schools of mathematics (Stefan Banach, Hugo Steinhaus), logics (Kazimierz Twardowski), history and law (Oswald Balzer), anthropology (Jan Czekanowski), and geography (Eugeniusz Romer).[12][6][15]
The university's library acquired, among others, the collection of
In 1924 the Philosophy Faculty was divided into Humanities and Mathematics and Biology Departments, thus there were now five faculties. In the 1934/35 academic year, the breakdown of the student body was as follows:
- Theology – 222 students
- Law – 2,978 students
- Medicine – 638 students (together with the Pharmaceutical Section, which had 263 students)
- Humanities – 892 students
- Mathematics and Biology – 870 students
Altogether, during the academic year 1934/35, there were 5900 students at the university, consisting by religious observance of:
- 3793 Roman Catholics (64.3%)
- 1211 Jews (20.5%)
- 739 Ukrainian Greek-Catholics (12.5%)
- 72 Orthodox (1.2%)
- 67 Protestants (1.1%)
Ukrainian professors were required to take a formal oath of allegiance to Poland; most of them refused and left the university in the early 1920s. The principle of "Numerus clausus" had been introduced after which Ukrainian applicants were discriminated against – Ukrainian applications were capped at 15% of the intake, whereas Poles enjoyed a 50% quota at the time.[17]
World War II
After the German
After Lviv was occupied by the Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Germans closed the University of Ivan Franko[13] and killed over 20 Polish professors (as well as members of their households and guests, increasing the total number of victims to above forty).[13][21][22] The victims included lecturers from the University of Lviv and other local academic institutions. Among the killed was the last rector of the University of Jan Kazimierz, Roman Longchamps de Berier, his three sons,[13] and the former Polish prime minister and a polytechnic professor, Kazimierz Bartel.[23][a] The underground University of Jan Kazimierz was established in Autumn 1941.[13]
In the summer of 1944, the advancing
Ukrainian SSR
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In 1964, a monument dedicated to Ivan Franko was built in front of the university.[31]
Independent Ukraine
The proclamation of the independence of Ukraine in 1991 brought about radical changes in every sphere of university life.[7] Professor, Doctor Ivan Vakarchuk, a renowned scholar in the field of theoretical physics, was rector of the university from 1990 to 2013. Meeting the requirements arising in recent years new faculties and departments have been set up: the Faculty of International Relations and the Faculty of Philosophy (1992), the Faculty of Pre-Entrance University Preparation (1997), the Chair of Translation Studies and Comparative Linguistics (1998). Since 1997 the following new units have come into existence within the teaching and research framework of the university: the Law College, The Humanities Centre, The Institute of Literature Studies, The Italian Language and Culture Resource Centre. The teaching staff of the university has increased amounting to 981, with scholarly degrees awarded to over two-thirds of the entire teaching staff. There are over one hundred laboratories and working units as well as the Computing Centre functioning here. The Zoological, Geological, Mineralogical Museums together with those of Numismatics, Sphragistics, and Archeology are stimulating the interests of students.[17]
Faculties
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics[32]
- Faculty of International Relations[33]
- Faculty of Biology[34]
- Faculty of Journalism[35]
- Faculty of Chemistry[36]
- Faculty of Law[37]
- Faculty of Economics[38]
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics[39]
- Faculty of Electronics[40]
- Faculty of Philology[41]
- Faculty of Foreign Languages[42]
- Faculty of Philosophy[43]
- Faculty of Geography[44]
- Faculty of Physics[45]
- Faculty of Geology[46]
- Faculty of Preuniversity Training[47]
- Faculty of History[48]
- Department of Pedagogy[49]
- Department of Law[50]
Research divisions and facilities
- Scientific Research Department[51]
- Zoological museum[52]
- University Library[53]
- Journal of Physical Studies[54]
- The Institute of Archaeology[55]
- Ukrainian journal of computational linguistics[56]
- Media Ecology Institute[57]
- Modern Ukraine[58]
- Institute for Historical Research[59]
- Regional Agency for Sustainable Development[60]
- Botanical Garden[61]
- NATO Winter Academy in Lviv[62]
- Scientific technical & educational center of low temperature studies[63]
University management
- Rector Volodymyr Melnyk, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;[64]
- First Vice-Rector Andriy Gukalyuk, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
- Vice-Rector for Research Roman Hladyshevsky, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor;
- Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and social issues and development Volodymyr Kachmar, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor;
- Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and informatization Vitaliy Kukharsky, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor;
- Vice-rector for administrative and economic work Vasyl Kurlyak, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor.[64]
International cooperation
During 2016–2017, the university signed 15 cooperation agreements and two double degree agreements, two agreements were extended. In total, 147 agreements have been signed with higher education institutions from 38 countries.
The university is involved in signing the Magna Charta Universitatum. In 2000, the university became a co-founder of the European College of Polish and Ukrainian Universities (Lublin, Poland). Agreements with Alecu Russo State University of Bălți (Bălți, Moldova) and the Krakow Pedagogical Academy (Poland) have been extended.
Students of the faculty of Geography, History and the faculty of International Relations undergo internships in Poland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Employees of the faculty of Mechanics, Mathematics, Philology, Chemistry, Faculty of International Relations and Applied Mathematics and Informatics worked in higher education institutions in Poland, Colombia, France, Switzerland, and Austria on a contract basis. Many graduates continue their studies in higher education institutions in the United States, Poland, Germany, Austria, Britain, and France. In 2016, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv held 5 international summer schools.
In 2016, active international cooperation was established with foreign partners. The university has conducted bilateral research with the University of Vienna (Austria), Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania), the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation, and the Hiroshima Institute of Technology (Japan), funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
In recent years, researchers at the university have been conducting experiments funded by international organizations, including the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Germany), Harvard Medical School (USA), Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (USA), and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, International Center for Diffraction Data (USA), Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (USA), Trust Educational Foundation for Tree Research (USA), Material. Phases. Data. System company (Switzerland).
An agreement has been signed with CrossRef, which allows the DOI to be assigned to university publications. The university, with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, has a national contact point of the EU Framework Program "Horizon 2020" in the thematic areas "Future and latest technologies" and "Inclusive, innovative and smart society".
Notable alumni
- Roman Aftanazy (1914–2004), historian of culture, librarian, heritage rescuer
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), philosopher, mathematician and logician, a pioneer of categorial grammar
- Marta Barandii (b. 1984), Ukrainian member activist and lawyer
- Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski (1865–1925), classical scholar and archaeologist, professor of the Jagiellonian University
- Julia Brystiger (1902–1975), political militant, member of the security apparatus of the Polish People's Republic
- Józef Białynia Chołodecki (1852–1934), historian of Lviv.
- Marianna Dushar, anthropologist and food writer.
- Ivan Franko (1856–1916), poet and linguist, reformer of the Ukrainian language
- Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961), medical doctor and biologist who developed in the 1930s the concept of thought collectives
- Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) politician, professor and rector (1908–1909) of the university, lawyer and writer
- Georgiy R. Gongadze (1969–2000), Georgianand Ukrainian journalist
- Mark Kac (1914–1984), mathematician, pioneer of modern probability theory
- Wiktor Kemula (1902–1985), chemist
- Organization of Ukrainian Nationalistsbetween 1929 and 1938.
- Emil Korytko (1813–1839), Polish philologist and ethnologist who worked in the Slovene Lands
- Polish Government in Exile
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1881–1981), philosopher, mathematician, logician
- Hersch Lauterpacht (1897–1960), lawyer and Developer of the legal concept of "Crimes Against Humanity" in the Nuremberg Trials and writer of "An International Bill of the Rights of Man"
- Pinhas Lavon (1904–1976), Israeli politician
- Convention on Genocide
- Antoni Łomnicki (1881–1941), mathematician
- Jan Łukasiewicz (1878–1956), mathematician
- First Polish Armoured Division, the last Commander of the First Polish Army Corps under Allied Command
- Kazimierz Michałowski (1901–1981), archeologist and Egyptologist
- Semyon Mogilevich(1946–), economist and mafia boss
- Bohdan Ihor Antonych (1909–1937), prominent Ukrainian writer
- Jan Parandowski (1895–1978), writer, essayist, and translator, expert on classical antiquity
- Stepan Popel (1909–1987), Ukrainian chess player and linguist
- acting president
- Jaroslav Rudnyckyj (1910–1995), Ukrainian Canadian linguist, lexicographer, folklorist
- Public intellectual
- Leon Reich (1879–1929), lawyer and member of the Sejm of Poland
- Józef Schreier (1909–1943), mathematician
- Bruno Schulz (1892–1942), novelist and painter
- Markiyan Shashkevych(1811–1843), Ukrainian poet
- Zoia Skoropadenko (1978–), Ukrainian artist
- Josyf Slipyj (1892–1984), head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Louis B. Sohn (1914–2006), international law scholar and advisor, helped create the International Court of Justice, advisor to United States State Department, chaired professor at Harvard University and University of Georgia law schools in the United States
- Leonid Stein (1934–1973), grandmaster and Soviet Chess Champion
- Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1982), mathematician, educator, and humanist
- Julian Stryjkowski (1905–1996), Polish-Jewish journalist and writer
- Irena Turkevycz-Martynec (1899–1983), Ukrainian Opera Soprano
- Stefania Turkewich (1898–1977), Ukrainian composer, pianist, and musicologist
- Stanislaw Ulam (1909–1984) He participated in the Manhattan Project, originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons, discovered the concept of the cellular automaton, invented the Monte Carlo method of computation, and suggested nuclear pulse propulsion.
- Yuri Velykanovych (1910–1938), journalist, volunteer of the International Brigades
- Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert(1923–2006), mathematician and chemical engineer
- Rudolf Weigl (1883–1957), biologist and inventor of the first effective vaccine for epidemic typhus
- Władysław Witwicki (1878–1948), psychologist, philosopher, translator and artist
- Mariya Lyudkevych(b. 1948), writer and poet
- Ihor Kobrin(1951–2023), film director
- Liubomyr Zubach (b. 1978), Ukrainian politician
Notable professors
- Henryk Arctowski (1871–1958) - oceanographer, Antarctica explorer
- Lwów-Warsaw School of History
- Herman Auerbach (1901–1942) - mathematician
- Stefan Banach (1892–1945) - mathematician, one of the moving spirits of the Lwów School of Mathematics, father of functional analysis
- Oswald Balzer (1858–1933) - historian of law and statehood
- St. archbishop of the city of Lwów of the Latins
- Franciszek Bujak (1921–1941) - historian
- Leon Chwistek (1884–1944) - Avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician
- Antoni Cieszyński (1882–1941) - physician, dentist and surgeon
- Matija Čop (1797–1835) - Slovene philologist and literary theorist
- Jan Czekanowski (1882–1965) - anthropologist, statistician and linguist
- Władysław Dobrzaniecki (1897–1941) - physician and surgeon
- Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) - politician, rector (1908–1909), lawyer and writer
- Yakiv Holovatsky (1814–1888) - poet
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866–1934) - historian, organizer of scholarship, leader of the pre-revolution Ukrainian national movement, head of Ukraine's parliament, first president of Ukraine, who wrote an academic book titled: "Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII" about the history of Bar, Ukraine.[65]
- Stefan Inglot (1902–1994) - historian.
- Zygmunt Janiszewski (1888–1920), mathematician,
- Antoni Kalina (1846–1905) - ethnographer and ethnologist.
- Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland
- Jerzy Kuryłowicz (1895–1978) - linguist
- Karolina Lanckorońska (1898–2002) - historian and art historian, Polish World War II resistance fighter
- logicianand philosopher
- Ignác Martinovics (1755–1795) - physicist, Franciscan, Hungarian revolutionary
- Stanisław Mazur (1905–1981) - mathematician
- Jakub Karol Parnas (1884–1949) - (Russian: Яков Оскарович Парнас or Yakov Oskarovich Parnas). A Jewish-Polish–Soviet biochemist author of notable studies on carbohydrates metabolism in mammals. Glycolysis, a major metabolic mechanism, is universally named Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway after him.
- Eugeniusz Romer (1871–1954) - cartographer
- Eugeniusz Rybka (1898–1988) - astronomer, deputy director of the International Astronomical Union,
- Stanisław Ruziewicz (1881–1941) - mathematician
- Wacław Sierpiński (1882–1969) - mathematician, known for contributions to set theory, number theory, theory of functions and topology
- stochastic processes, mountaineer
- Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972), mathematician
- Szczepan Szczeniowski (1898-1979) - physicist, author of numerous papers on cosmic rays,
- Lwów-Warsaw School of Logic
- gynecologist, writer, poet, art critic, translator of French literary classics and journalist
- epidemiologist
- naturalist
- Viktor Pynzenyk (born 1954) - economist and politician
Other
- Włodzimierz Dzieduszycki (1825–1899), landowner, naturalist, political activist, collector and patron of arts
- Stanisław Lem (1921–2006), satirical, philosophical, and science fiction writer
- Ignacy Jan Paderewski (1860–1941) virtuoso pianist, composer, diplomat and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland
- János Bolyai (1802–1860) The founder of noneuclidean (absolute) geometry. The highest figure of Hungarian mathematics worked at the University of Lviv from 1831 to 1832.
See also
Notes
- ^ The extent to which Ukrainian nationalists may have been involved in identifying and selecting some of the victims is still a matter of debate, as Polish historian Adam Redzik wrote, while a group of Ukrainian nationalist students most likely helped to prepare the lists of Polish academics, it is unlikely they expected or knew about their intended purposes (i.e., the executions).[13]
References
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- ^ a b c d "Lviv University – Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine".
- ^ Magocsi, Paul R. A history of Ukraine: the land and its peoples. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Pg. 425.
- ^ a b c Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha. Feminists Despite Themselves: Women in Ukrainian Community Life, 1884-1939. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1988.
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- ^ ISSN 2083-7755.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Redzik, Adam (2004). "Polish Universities During the Second World War. 'Encuentros de Historia Comparada Hispano-Polaca / Spotkania poświęcone historii porównawczej hiszpańsko-polskiej. Conference" (PDF). gomezurdanez.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ Service 2013, p. 297.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Регіональне агенство стійкого розвитку". Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
- ^ "Welcome to nginx eaa1a9e1db47ffcca16305566a6efba4!185.15.56.1". Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
- ^ "Winter Academy in Lviv". www.lnu.edu.ua. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Scientific-Technical and Educational Center of Low Temperature Studies". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
- ^ a b "Проректори". Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ISBN 5-12-004335-6, pp. 1 – 623, 1996.
Literature
- Academia Militans. Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie, red. Adam Redzik, Kraków 2015, ss. 1302.
- Ludwik Finkel, Starzyński Stanisław, Historya Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego, Lwów 1894.
- Franciszek Jaworski, Uniwersytet Lwowski. Wspomnienie jubileuszowe, Lwów 1912.
- Adam Redzik, Wydział Prawa Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego w latach 1939–1946, Lublin 2006
- Adam Redzik, Prawo prywatne na Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie, Warszawa 2009.
- Józef Wołczański, Wydział Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza 1918–1939, Kraków 2000.
- Universitati Leopoliensi, Trecentesimum Quinquagesimum Anniversarium Suae Fundationis Celebranti. In Memoriam. Praca zbiorowa. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 2011, ISBN 978-83-7676-084-1
External links
- History of the University of Lviv to 1945 (in Polish)