University of Lviv

Coordinates: 49°50′26″N 24°01′20″E / 49.84056°N 24.02222°E / 49.84056; 24.02222
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Ivan Franko National
University of Lviv
Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка
Blue and gold   
Websitehttps://www.lnu.edu.ua/en/
University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World[2]1201-1400 (2023)
THE World[3]1201–1500th (2023)
Regional – Overall
QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia[4]191 (2022)

The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanizedLvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine.

The university is the oldest institution[

John II Casimir, King of Poland, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940. It is located in the historic city of Lviv in Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine
.

History

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The university was founded on 20 January 1661, when King

Jesuit Collegium, founded in 1608, giving it "the honor of an academy and the title of a university". In 1589, the Jesuits had tried to found a university earlier, but did not succeed. Establishing another seat of learning in the Kingdom of Poland was seen as a threat by the authorities of Kraków's Jagiellonian University
, which did not want a rival and stymied the Jesuits' plans for the following years.

According to the

Orthodox Brotherhood's school, and used this as a pretext for obtaining a royal mandate that elevated their college to the status of an academy (no city could have two academies).[5][6] King John II Casimir was a supporter of the Jesuits and his stance was crucial. The original royal charter was subsequently confirmed by another decree issued in Częstochowa
on 5 February 1661.

In 1758, King Augustus III issued a decree, which described the Collegium as an academy, equal in fact status to the Jagiellonian University, with two faculties, those of Theology and Philosophy.

Austrian rule

In 1772, the city of Lwów was annexed by

Lemberg and hence that of the university. In 1773 the Suppression of the Society of Jesus by Rome (Dominus ac Redemptor) was soon followed by the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which meant that the university was excluded from the Commission of National Education reform. It was renamed Theresianum by the Austrians, i.e. a State Academy. On 21 October 1784, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II signed an act of foundation of a secular university.[7] He began to Germanise the institution by bringing German-speaking professors from various parts of the empire. The university now had four faculties. To theology and philosophy were added those of law and medicine. Latin was the official language of the university, with Polish and German as auxiliary. Literary Slaveno-Rusyn (Ruthenian/Ukrainian) of the period had been used in the Studium Ruthenium (1787–1809), a special institute of the university for educating candidates for the Uniate (Greek-Catholic) priesthood.[8]

In 1805, the university was closed, as Austria, then involved in the

Napoleonic wars, did not have sufficient funds to support it. Instead, it operated as a high school. The university was reopened in 1817.[7] Officially Vienna described it as an "act of mercy", but the actual reasons were different. The Austrian government was aware of the pro-Polish stance of the Russian Emperor Alexander I and the Austrians wanted to challenge it. However, the quality of the university's education was not considered high. Latin was replaced by German and most professors were regarded as ''mediocre''. The few good ones regarded their stay in Lemberg as a springboard to other centres.[citation needed
]

In 1848, when the pan-European revolution reached Lemberg (see: Revolutions of 1848), students of the university created two organizations: "The Academic Legion" and "the Academic Committee" both of which demanded that the university be Polonized. The government in Vienna answered with force, and on 2 November 1848, the centre of the city was shelled by the troops led by General Hammerstein striking the buildings of the university, especially its library. A curfew was called and the university was temporarily closed. Major demand for Ukrainians was the education of teachers and promotion of Ukrainian culture through Ukrainian courses at the university and to this end, a committee for the Defense of Ukrainian Education was created.[9]: 58 

It was reopened in January 1850, with only limited autonomy. After a few years the Austrians relented and on 4 July[

]

Meanwhile, the University of Lemberg thrived, being one of two Polish language universities in Galicia, the other one was the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Its professors were famous across Europe, with such renowned names as

.

In the 1870s,

Mykhailo Hrushevskyi (1866–1934), an outstanding scholar of Ukrainian History, founder of the Ukrainian Historical School, and author of the ten-volume "History of Ukraine-Rus'", hundreds of works on History, History of Literature, Historiography, and Source Studies. In 1904, a special summer course in Ukrainian studies was organized in Lviv, primarily for Eastern Ukrainian students.[9]
: 124 

The number of students grew from 1,732 in 1897 to 3,582 in 1906. Poles made up around 75% of the students, Ukrainians 20%, other nationalities 5%.[6] In mid-December 1910, Ukrainian women students at Lviv University established a Student Union's women's branch, their twenty members meeting regularly to discuss current affairs. In July 1912, they met with their Jewish counterpart branch to discuss the representation of women in the student body of the university.[9]: 64 

Second Polish Republic

The main building of the University of Lviv was constructed to house the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria

During the Interbellum period, the region was part of the Second Polish Republic and the university was known as "Jan Kazimierz University"[6][11] (Polish: Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza), in honor of its founder, King John II Casimir Vasa. The decision to name the school after the king was taken by the government of Poland on 22 November 1919.[12]

In 1920, the university was rehoused by the Polish government in the building formerly used by the

Sejm of the Land,[12] which has since been the university's main location. Its first rector during the Second Polish Republic was the famous poet, Jan Kasprowicz
.

Lwów was the second most important academic center in inter-war Poland.[13] The Jan Kazimierz University was the third biggest university[14] in the country after the University of Warsaw and the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. It was one of the most influential scholarly institutions of the Second Polish Republic, notable for its schools of mathematics (Stefan Banach, Hugo Steinhaus), logics (Kazimierz Twardowski), history and law (Oswald Balzer), anthropology (Jan Czekanowski), and geography (Eugeniusz Romer).[12][6][15]

The university's library acquired, among others, the collection of

numismatic items.[16]

In 1924 the Philosophy Faculty was divided into Humanities and Mathematics and Biology Departments, thus there were now five faculties. In the 1934/35 academic year, the breakdown of the student body was as follows:

  • Theology – 222 students
  • Law – 2,978 students
  • Medicine – 638 students (together with the Pharmaceutical Section, which had 263 students)
  • Humanities – 892 students
  • Mathematics and Biology – 870 students

Altogether, during the academic year 1934/35, there were 5900 students at the university, consisting by religious observance of:

  • 3793 Roman Catholics (64.3%)
  • 1211 Jews (20.5%)
  • 739 Ukrainian Greek-Catholics (12.5%)
  • 72 Orthodox (1.2%)
  • 67 Protestants (1.1%)

Ukrainian professors were required to take a formal oath of allegiance to Poland; most of them refused and left the university in the early 1920s. The principle of "Numerus clausus" had been introduced after which Ukrainian applicants were discriminated against – Ukrainian applications were capped at 15% of the intake, whereas Poles enjoyed a 50% quota at the time.[17]

World War II

After the German

Institute of Ukrainian History in Kyiv,[13][18] grandfather of Ukrainian journalist and dissident Valeriy Marchenko
. His role was to Ukrainize and Sovietize the university.[19][13] At the beginning of January 1940, the official name of the university was changed to Ivan Franko Lviv State University.[13] Ukrainian was introduced as the language of instruction.[20] Polish professors and administrative assistants were increasingly fired[13][18] and replaced by cadres specializing in Marxism, Leninism, political economics, as well as Ukrainian and Soviet literature, history, and geography. This was accompanied by the closure of departments seen as related to religion, free-market economics, capitalism, or the West in general. All academics specializing in Polish geography, literature, and history were dismissed.[13] Marchenko was released from his post in Spring 1940 and arrested in June 1941.[18] From 1939 to 1941, the Soviets killed 17 and imprisoned 37 academics from the University of Jan Kazimierz.[13]

After Lviv was occupied by the Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Germans closed the University of Ivan Franko[13] and killed over 20 Polish professors (as well as members of their households and guests, increasing the total number of victims to above forty).[13][21][22] The victims included lecturers from the University of Lviv and other local academic institutions. Among the killed was the last rector of the University of Jan Kazimierz, Roman Longchamps de Berier, his three sons,[13] and the former Polish prime minister and a polytechnic professor, Kazimierz Bartel.[23][a] The underground University of Jan Kazimierz was established in Autumn 1941.[13]

In the summer of 1944, the advancing

expelled
following Stalin's establishing Germany's eastern border farther to the west.

Ukrainian SSR

In 1964, a monument dedicated to Ivan Franko was built in front of the university.[31]

Independent Ukraine

Ivan Franko University main building (2005)

The proclamation of the independence of Ukraine in 1991 brought about radical changes in every sphere of university life.[7] Professor, Doctor Ivan Vakarchuk, a renowned scholar in the field of theoretical physics, was rector of the university from 1990 to 2013. Meeting the requirements arising in recent years new faculties and departments have been set up: the Faculty of International Relations and the Faculty of Philosophy (1992), the Faculty of Pre-Entrance University Preparation (1997), the Chair of Translation Studies and Comparative Linguistics (1998). Since 1997 the following new units have come into existence within the teaching and research framework of the university: the Law College, The Humanities Centre, The Institute of Literature Studies, The Italian Language and Culture Resource Centre. The teaching staff of the university has increased amounting to 981, with scholarly degrees awarded to over two-thirds of the entire teaching staff. There are over one hundred laboratories and working units as well as the Computing Centre functioning here. The Zoological, Geological, Mineralogical Museums together with those of Numismatics, Sphragistics, and Archeology are stimulating the interests of students.[17]

Faculties

  • Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics[32]
  • Faculty of International Relations[33]
  • Faculty of Biology[34]
  • Faculty of Journalism[35]
  • Faculty of Chemistry[36]
  • Faculty of Law[37]
  • Faculty of Economics[38]
  • Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics[39]
  • Faculty of Electronics[40]
  • Faculty of Philology[41]
  • Faculty of Foreign Languages[42]
  • Faculty of Philosophy[43]
  • Faculty of Geography[44]
  • Faculty of Physics[45]
  • Faculty of Geology[46]
  • Faculty of Preuniversity Training[47]
  • Faculty of History[48]
  • Department of Pedagogy[49]
  • Department of Law[50]

Research divisions and facilities

University Library
  • Scientific Research Department[51]
  • Zoological museum[52]
  • University Library[53]
  • Journal of Physical Studies[54]
  • The Institute of Archaeology[55]
  • Ukrainian journal of computational linguistics[56]
  • Media Ecology Institute[57]
  • Modern Ukraine[58]
  • Institute for Historical Research[59]
  • Regional Agency for Sustainable Development[60]
  • Botanical Garden[61]
  • NATO Winter Academy in Lviv[62]
  • Scientific technical & educational center of low temperature studies[63]

University management

  • Rector Volodymyr Melnyk, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;[64]
  • First Vice-Rector Andriy Gukalyuk, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor;
  • Vice-Rector for Research Roman Hladyshevsky, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor;
  • Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and social issues and development Volodymyr Kachmar, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor;
  • Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and informatization Vitaliy Kukharsky, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor;
  • Vice-rector for administrative and economic work Vasyl Kurlyak, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor.[64]

International cooperation

During 2016–2017, the university signed 15 cooperation agreements and two double degree agreements, two agreements were extended. In total, 147 agreements have been signed with higher education institutions from 38 countries.

The university is involved in signing the Magna Charta Universitatum. In 2000, the university became a co-founder of the European College of Polish and Ukrainian Universities (Lublin, Poland). Agreements with Alecu Russo State University of Bălți (Bălți, Moldova) and the Krakow Pedagogical Academy (Poland) have been extended.

Students of the faculty of Geography, History and the faculty of International Relations undergo internships in Poland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Employees of the faculty of Mechanics, Mathematics, Philology, Chemistry, Faculty of International Relations and Applied Mathematics and Informatics worked in higher education institutions in Poland, Colombia, France, Switzerland, and Austria on a contract basis. Many graduates continue their studies in higher education institutions in the United States, Poland, Germany, Austria, Britain, and France. In 2016, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv held 5 international summer schools.

In 2016, active international cooperation was established with foreign partners. The university has conducted bilateral research with the University of Vienna (Austria), Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania), the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation, and the Hiroshima Institute of Technology (Japan), funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

In recent years, researchers at the university have been conducting experiments funded by international organizations, including the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Germany), Harvard Medical School (USA), Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (USA), and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, International Center for Diffraction Data (USA), Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (USA), Trust Educational Foundation for Tree Research (USA), Material. Phases. Data. System company (Switzerland).

An agreement has been signed with CrossRef, which allows the DOI to be assigned to university publications. The university, with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, has a national contact point of the EU Framework Program "Horizon 2020" in the thematic areas "Future and latest technologies" and "Inclusive, innovative and smart society".

Notable alumni

Notable professors

Other

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The extent to which Ukrainian nationalists may have been involved in identifying and selecting some of the victims is still a matter of debate, as Polish historian Adam Redzik wrote, while a group of Ukrainian nationalist students most likely helped to prepare the lists of Polish academics, it is unlikely they expected or knew about their intended purposes (i.e., the executions).[13]

References

  1. ^ Power structure Lviv National University named after Frank. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Ivan Franko National University of Lviv".
  3. ^ "Ivan Franko National University of Lviv". 17 November 2021.
  4. ^ "QS World University Rankings-Emerging Europe & Central Asia". Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  5. ^ Isaievych, Iaroslav (2006). Voluntary Brotherhood: Confraternities of Laymen in Early Modern Ukraine. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 153.
  6. ^ a b c d Woleński, Jan (1997). "Lvov". In Poli, Roberto (ed.). In Itinere: European Cities and the Birth of Modern Scientific Philosophy. Rodopi. pp. 163, 165.
  7. ^ a b c d "Lviv University – Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine".
  8. ^ Magocsi, Paul R. A history of Ukraine: the land and its peoples. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Pg. 425.
  9. ^ a b c Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha. Feminists Despite Themselves: Women in Ukrainian Community Life, 1884-1939. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1988.
  10. ISBN 1317118448, 9781317118442. Google Books PT196
    .
  11. ^ Dębiński, Antoni; Pyter, Magdalena (2013). "The role of Jan Kazimierz University in the process of development of legal studies at the Catholic University of Lublin (1918–1939)". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series History. 49: 147.
  12. ^
    ISSN 2083-7755
    .
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Redzik, Adam (2004). "Polish Universities During the Second World War. 'Encuentros de Historia Comparada Hispano-Polaca / Spotkania poświęcone historii porównawczej hiszpańsko-polskiej. Conference" (PDF). gomezurdanez.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  14. ^ Service 2013, p. 297.
  15. .
  16. .
  17. ^ a b Brief history of L'viv University Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ .
  19. .
  20. .
  21. .
  22. .
  23. ^ Amar 2015, p. 101.
  24. .
  25. .
  26. .
  27. .
  28. .
  29. .
  30. .
  31. ^ Risch 2011, p. 49.
  32. ^ "Головна". Ami.lnu.edu.au.
  33. ^ "Головна". Intrel.lnu.edu.au.
  34. ^ "Faculty of Biology of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv". Bioweb.lnu.edu.au.
  35. ^ "Головна". Journ.lnu.edu.au. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  36. ^ "Хімічний факультет". Chem.lnu.edu.au.
  37. ^ "Головна". Law.lnu.edu.au.
  38. ^ "Економічний факультет ЛНУ". Econom.lnu.edu.au.
  39. ^ "Механіко-математичний факультет Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка". Mmf.lnu.edu.au.
  40. ^ "Головна". Electronics.lnu.edu.au.
  41. ^ "Головна". Philology.lnu.edu.au.
  42. ^ "Головна". Lingua.lnu.edu.au.
  43. ^ "Головна". Filos.lnu.edu.au.
  44. ^ http://geograf.lnu.edu.ua Archived 2013-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Головна". Physics.lnu.edu.au.
  46. ^ "Головна". Geology.lnu.edu.au.
  47. ^ "Головна". Ipodp.lnu.edu.au.
  48. ^ "Головна". Clio.lnu.edu.au.
  49. ^ "Department of Teaching Methodology of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  50. ^ "Головна". Prk.lnu.edu.au.
  51. ^ "Науково-дослідна частина". Research.lnu.edu.au.
  52. ^ "Зоологічний музей Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка". Zoomus.lnu.edu.au.
  53. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  54. ^ "Wrong address: Redirecting..." Ktf.lnu.edu.au. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  55. ^ "The Institute of Archaeology of the Ivan Franko National University o…". Archived from the original on 22 December 2012.
  56. ^ [1][permanent dead link]
  57. ^ "Про нас". Lnu.lnu.edu.au.
  58. ^ "Modern Ukraine". Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  59. ^ "Institute for Historical Research". Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  60. ^ "Регіональне агенство стійкого розвитку". Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  61. ^ "Welcome to nginx eaa1a9e1db47ffcca16305566a6efba4!185.15.56.1". Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  62. ^ "Winter Academy in Lviv". www.lnu.edu.ua. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  63. ^ "Scientific-Technical and Educational Center of Low Temperature Studies". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  64. ^ a b "Проректори". Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  65. , pp. 1 – 623, 1996.

Literature

External links

49°50′26″N 24°01′20″E / 49.84056°N 24.02222°E / 49.84056; 24.02222