Lymnaeidae

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Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea stagnalis is the large snail behind the smaller one, Physa sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Infraclass: Euthyneura
Superorder: Hygrophila
Superfamily: Lymnaeoidea
Family: Lymnaeidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Genera

See text

Diversity[1][2][3]
about 100 freshwater species

or less than 100
or more than 250

Synonyms

Limnophysidae W. Dybowski, 1903 (a junior synonym)

Lymnaeidae,

Hygrophila
.

Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily Lymnaeoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[4]

Taxonomy

2005 taxonomy

Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) recognized four subfamilies within Lymnaeidae:[4]

  • subfamily Lymnaeinae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Amphipepleinae Pini, 1877; Limnophysidae W. Dybowski, 1903; Acellinae Hannibal, 1912; Fossariinae B. Dybowski 1913
  • subfamily Lancinae Hannibal, 1914
  • † subfamily Scalaxinae Zilch, 1959
  • † subfamily Valencieniinae Kramberger-Gorjanovic, 1923 - synonym: Clivunellidae Kochansky-Devidé & Sliskovic, 1972

2013 taxonomy

Vinarski (2013)[5] established a new subfamily Radicinae within Lymnaeidae, but be considered position neither of Lancinae nor of extinct genera.[5]

  • subfamily Radicinae Vinarski, 2013[5]

Cladogram

Correa et al. (2010)

clades of Lymnaeidae representing the main geographic origin of species (America, Eurasia and the Indo-Pacific region).[2] It demonstrates that the nomenclature of most genera in the Lymnaeidae does not reflect evolutionary relationships.[2]

A cladogram based on sequences of 16S, internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 genes showing phylogenic relations of Lymnaeidae by Correa et al. (2010):[2]

Lymnaeidae
n
=16, C3a
Radix, n=17, C3b

Radix labiata

Radix peregra

Radix ampla

Radix lagotis

Radix auricularia

Radix ovata

Radix sp. from Philippines

Radix sp. from Canada and Radix sp. from Romania

n=18
C2

Pseudosuccinea columella

Bulimnea megasoma

Lymnaea viatrix

Lymnaea neotropica

Fossaria bulimoides

Lymnaea cubensis

Lymnaea sp. from Colombia

Galba truncatula

Lymnaea cousini

Fossaria obrussa

Lymnaea humilis

Lymnaea diaphana

Stagnicola caperata

Lymnaea occulta

Stagnicola sp. from Montana

Stagnicola bonnevillensis

Stagnicola elodes

Stagnicola catascopium

Stagnicola sp. from Manitoba

The nomenclature of genera has been one of the most confusing issues in the Lymnaeidae systematics. Most genus names are not fixed and are based more on phenotypic resemblances than on sound evolutionary and phylogenetic considerations.[2] For instance, a single genus in Lymnaeidae was recognized by Walter (1968),[6] two by Hubendick (1951),[7] and up to 34 genera by others.[2][8][9][10] Results by Correa et al. (2010)[2] indicate that genera in Lymnaeidae do not reflect phylogenetic relationships, to the notable exception of Radix (including Radix natalensis).[2]

The type species of Lymnaea is

Kutikina Ponder & Waterhouse, 1997 (one species: Kutikina hispida) seems unjustified on the basis of the current phylogeny.[2] This would also be consistent with results of Puslednik et al. (2009).[2][12] It would be preferable to use Bullastra Pfeiffer, 1839 for all species of clade C3a to fit the ICZN.[2]

Genera

Genera in the family Lymnaeidae include:

subfamily Lymnaeinae

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Catascopia Meier-Brook & Bargues, 2002: synonym of Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1913
  • Fossaria Westerlund, 1885: synonym of Galba Schrank, 1803
  • Limnaea: synonym of Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799
  • Limneus Sandberger, 1875: synonym of Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799
  • Limneus auct.: synonym of Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799
  • Limnophysa Fitzinger, 1833: synonym of Stagnicola Jeffreys, 1830
  • Lymnaeus: synonym of Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799
  • Nasonia F. C. Baker, 1928: synonym of Galba (Bakerilymnaea) Weyrauch, 1964 represented as Galba Schrank, 1803
  • Truncatuliana Servain, 1881: synonym of Galba Schrank, 1803
  • Walterlymnaea Starobogatov & Budnikova, 1976: synonym of Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1913

subfamily Amphipepleinae Pini, 1877 (synonym: Radicinae Vinarski, 2013)

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Amphipeplea Nilsson, 1822: synonym of Myxas G. B. Sowerby I, 1822
  • Auriculariana Servain, 1881: synonym of Radix Montfort, 1810
  • Cyclolimnaea Dall, 1905: synonym of Myxas G. B. Sowerby I, 1822
  • Gulnaria Turton, 1831: synonym of Radix Montfort, 1810
  • Kutikina Ponder & Waterhouse, 1997: synonym of Austropeplea Cotton, 1942
  • Neritostoma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Radix Montfort, 1810

subfamily Lancinae

Idaholanx fresti
  • Idaholanx fresti Clark, Campbell & Lydeard, 2017[14]
  • Lanx Clessin, 1880 - type genus of the subfamily Lancinae[4]

† subfamily Scalaxinae

  • Scalaxis Pilsbry, 1909 - type genus of the subfamily Scalaxinae[4]

† subfamily Valencieniinae

Genera brought into synonymy
  • † Provalenciennius Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1923: synonym of † Provalenciennesia Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1923
  • † Valenciennesia Fischer, 1859: synonym of † Valenciennius Rousseau, 1842

subfamily ?

Distribution

Lymnaeidae snails occur worldwide,

Nearctic regions.[2] An unidentified fragmentary lymnaeid from deposits of the Meyer Desert Formation (reported in 2003) was the first freshwater snail recorded from Antarctica.[15]

Description

This family exhibits a great diversity in

Immunological, cytogenetical, enzyme electrophoresis studies, and DNA-based approaches have demonstrated extensive homoplasy in anatomical characters.[2]

Ecology

Lymnaeidae are of major medical and

fascioliasis.[2] Mollusks, generally lymnaeids, are required as intermediate hosts to complete the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica.[2] At least 20 species of Lymnaeidae have been described as potential vectors of fascioliasis.[2]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[2]

  1. S2CID 44234861
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 21143890
    .
  3. ISBN 5-88018-388-2
    .
  4. ^
    ISSN 0076-2997
    .
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Vinarski M. V. (2013). "One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there?". Ruthenica 23(1): 41-58. PDF.
  6. ^ Walter H. J. (1968). "Evolution, taxonomic revolution, and zoogeography of the Lymnaeidae". Bulletin of the American Malacological Union 34: 18-20.
  7. ^ a b Hubendick B. (1951). "Recent Lymnaeidae, their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution". Kungl Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 3: 1-223.
  8. ^ Burch J. B. (1982). "North American freshwater snails". Transactions of the POETS Society 1(4):217-365.
  9. ^ Jackiewicz M. (1993). "Phylogeny and relationships within the European species of the family Lymnaeidae". Folia Malacologica 5: 61-95.
  10. ^ Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (1998). Süsswassermollusken. In: Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. 12th edition. Hamburg, Germany: Deutscher Jugendbund für Naturbeobachtung.
  11. ^ Meier-Brook C. & Bargues M. D. (2002). "Catascopia, a new genus for three Nearctic and one Palaearctic stagnicoline species (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)". Folia Malacologica 10: 83-84.
  12. PMID 19362157
    .
  13. doi:10.1093/mollus/63.3.441
    .
  14. PMID 28769620
    .
  15. doi:10.1093/mollus/69.1.89
    .

Further reading

  • Baker F. C. (1911). "The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America". Special publication of the
    Chicago Academy of Sciences
    , 3: XVI+539 pp.
  • Kruglov N. D. & Starobogatov Y. I. (1993). "Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 1." Ruthenica 1: 65–92.
  • Vinarski, V.M. (2013). One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there?. Ruthenica. 23(1): 41-58
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