Lyndhurst, Hampshire
Lyndhurst | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | Lyndhurst | |
Postcode district | SO40, SO43 | |
Dialling code | 023 | |
Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight | |
Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight | |
Ambulance | South Central | |
UK Parliament | ||
Lyndhurst /lɪndhərst/ is a large village and civil parish situated in the New Forest National Park in Hampshire, England, about nine miles (14 km) south-west of Southampton. Known as the "Capital of the New Forest",[2] Lyndhurst houses the New Forest District Council and Court of Verderers. It is also a popular tourist attraction, with many independent shops, art galleries, cafés, museums, pubs and hotels. As of 2001 Lyndhurst had a population of 2,973,[3] increasing to 3,029 at the 2011 Census.[1]
The name derives from an
History
The name "Lyndhurst" is an Old English name, meaning 'Wooded hill with lime-trees growing'. The name comprises the words lind ('lime-tree') and hyrst ('wooded hill').[4][5] The first mention of Lyndhurst was in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name 'Linhest'.[6] It was part of the royal lands of the New Forest, with the exception of 1 virgate which was held by Herbert the Forester.[6] Herbert may have been the ancestor of the Lyndhurst family, beginning with Herbert Lyndhurst, who held the bailiwick and manor of Lyndhurst in the 12th and 13th centuries.[7]
The manor passed to
The estate was once again passed to various noble families until 1667, when Charles II granted it to Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton.[7] He was followed successively by his son and grandson, but by the mid 18th century it was back in royal hands, being held successively by Prince William Henry (up to 1805) and Prince Frederick (until 1827).[7] Subsequently, the manor was deemed "not important to be kept", and the copyholds of the manor, which included estates in Minstead, Burley, Bartley and Poulner, either became enfranchised or passed to the Crown.[7]
A royal park was attached to the manor of Lyndhurst from a very early date.[7] It was unusual for being a King's Park within a King's Forest.[8] In 1299 it covered an area of 500 acres (202 ha), the profits from the honey gathered there amounting to 2 shillings per annum.[7] It was actively worked during the 14th and 15th centuries when payments were made for the fencing and repairing of the palings.[7] The "old Park" of Lyndhurst is where the Lime Wood (formerly Parkhill) Hotel now stands, the new park being on the A337 Brockenhurst road.[9]
Geography
Lyndhurst is in the
The church of St. Michael and All Angels is a major landmark, built of many different colours of brick, on one of the highest points in the village.
Also situated towards the outskirts of the village is
The civil parish includes the hamlets of Bank and Emery Down. Lyndhurst is surrounded by varied "forest", from the heathland of Parkhill to the bog of Matley, and the open forest with its ancient oak and beech to the enclosures of softwoods.[9]
The King's House
The most important building in Lyndhurst is the King's House, which has also in the past been called the Queen's House, for the name changes according to the gender of the monarch.[16] It is the principal building owned by the Crown in the New Forest, and contains the Verderers' Hall, home of the ancient Verderers' Court.[16] The King's House is also the local headquarters of the Forestry Commission.[16]
A manor house probably existed in Lyndhurst by the 13th century.[7] In the reign of Edward I an order was given for "twenty oaks to make laths for the use of the queen's manor-house at Lyndhurst."[7] This house was probably superseded by the hunting lodge built at Lyndhurst in the 14th century, which received frequent royal visits, and for which there are many records relating to the repair and enlargement.[7] In 1388 a hall was built within the lodge, known later as the Verderers' Hall.[7]
Rebuilding took place in the reign of
The building today is a rambling two-storey structure in brick.[17] The prisoners' dock, tables and chairs of considerable age are preserved in the hall.[7] Also to be found within is the so-called "Stirrup of Rufus", which was used to measure dogs.[7]
Religious sites
The village's Anglican church, St Michael and All Angels, is on a mound overlooking the village. It was built between 1858 and 1870,
Alice Liddell, also known as Alice Hargreaves, the inspiration for Alice in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, lived in and around Lyndhurst after her marriage to Reginald Hargreaves, and is buried in the graveyard.[20]
There is also a very fine, small Catholic Church of the Assumption and St Edward the Confessor, built by Sir Arthur Blomfield between 1894 and 1896 as a memorial to Marie-Louise Souberbielle.[22] The village also has a Baptist church.[22]
Education and culture
Saint Michael and All Angels Infant School is the main village school. Lyndhurst Pre-School is located next to the Infant School. New Forest Small School is an independent school for children aged 3 to 16.[23]
In 2020, Hampshire County Council announced plans to close Lyndhurst library.[24]
The Bisterne Dragon
Lyndhurst is notable in English folklore for being the supposed location of a
Transport links
The village is the meeting point of the A35, which runs northeast to southwest between Southampton and Bournemouth, and the A337 which runs north to south between Cadnam on the M27, and Lymington, a ferry port for the Isle of Wight on the south coast. To deal with the large volume of traffic through the village, there is a one-way system. This in effect turns the major roads of the village into a roundabout.
It has long been mooted that the solution to Lyndhurst's traffic problem is to build a bypass through the surrounding National Park forest land. In 1947 the Government's Baker Report accepted that a bypass might be necessary, and provision was made in the New Forest Act 1949 to construct roads through the forest with the consent of the Verderers.[26] Public inquiries were held in 1975 and 1983. On both occasions the various routes proposed by the county council were opposed by the Verderers as being detrimental to the environment.[26] The Verderers stated that they would not oppose a less harmful route.[26]
The last serious attempt at a Lyndhurst Bypass Bill was rejected in July 1988.
Although Lyndhurst itself does not have a railway station, it is served by Ashurst New Forest railway station, three miles (5 km) away, which was for many years named Lyndhurst Road railway station. It is also only four miles (6 km) from Brockenhurst and under 4 miles from Beaulieu Road station – all these stations are on the South West Main Line to London and Weymouth, serving Bournemouth and Southampton. Bus services operated by Bluestar run frequently to Southampton and Lymington.[30] There are also two daily National Express coach departures to London Victoria. The New Forest Tour, an open-top bus tour run in the summer, starts and finishes in Lyndhurst.[31]
Notable residents
- Arthur Phillip
- Richard Fitzgeorge de Stacpoole, 1st Duc de Stacpoole
- Charles Castleman
- Sir James William Ronald Macleay
- Lina Arbuthnot (née Macleay)
- Brusher Mills
- Charles Hamilton Aide
- John Maxwell
- Mary Elizabeth Braddon
- Reginald Hargreaves
- Alice Liddell
- Keith Harris
- Nigel Eaton, hurdy-gurdy player
Twin towns
Lyndhurst is
- La Chevrolière, France[32]
-
Christ Church, Emery Down, Grade 2 listed building erected in 1864
-
Thatchedcottages at Swan Green
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The grave of Alice Liddell in Lyndhurst
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Bolton's Bench on the edge of the village
See also
References
- ^ a b "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighburhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Lyndhurst overview". Visit Hampshire. Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ Census Profiles, NFDC
- ^ "Lyndhurst Etymology". Forebears. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
- ^ "History of Lyndhurst". New Forest Online. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Domesday Map, Place: Lyndhurst". Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Victoria County History, (1911), A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 4 – Lyndhurst, Pages 630–634". British-history.ac.uk. 10 June 1908. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ "Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Lyndhurst, page 212". Hants.gov.uk. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Lyndhurst, page 209". Hants.gov.uk. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ Glasshayes House: the 1912 extension of The Lyndhurst Grand Hotel, The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia, 2017
- ^ Bolton's Bench, New Forest Explorers Guide
- ^ a b New Forest Hauntings, Historic-UK, 2016
- ^ "New Forest Centre". Newforestmuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ "Foxlease, Lyndurst". Lymington Town Council. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Contact us". Ineos. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d Lyndhurst – Queen’s House, New Forest Explorers Guide
- ^ a b "Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Lyndhurst, page 213". Hants.gov.uk. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ a b Gerald Lascelles, (1915), Thirty-five years in the New Forest, page 131. E. Arnold
- ^ a b c "Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Lyndhurst, page 214". Hants.gov.uk. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d "New Forest Parishes". New Forest Parishes. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ Margaret Green, Hampshire Churches, Winton Publications,1967,1969,1976. Page 23
- ^ ISBN 9780300225037.
- ^ "The New Forest Small School". New Forest Small School. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ "Plans agreed to save £1.76 million from Hampshire Libraries transform the service for the future". Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ a b John Henry Blunt, (1877), Dursley and its neighbourhood; being historical memorials of Dursley, pages 124–6
- ^ a b c Country Life, (1987), Volume 181, page 81
- ^ Tam Dalyell, Thistle Diary, in New Scientist, 22 September 1988, page 69
- ^ Bypass Homepage, Lyndhurst Parish Council, 22 October 2012, at the Internet Archive
- ^ The Parish Council Bypass Route Recommendation, Lyndhurst Parish Council, 22 October 2012, at the Internet Archive
- ^ "Lyndhurst – Bluestar services". Bluestar. Solent Blue Line Ltd. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "About the New Forest Tour". thenewforesttour. New Forest District. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 July 2013.