Lyon

During

The Rhône and Saône converge to the south of the historic city centre, forming a peninsula – the "

The northern hill is La Croix-Rousse, known as "the hill that works" because it is traditionally home to many small silk workshops, an industry for which the city has long been renowned.^[34]

The western hill is Fourvière, known as "the hill that prays" because it is the location for

North of this district lays the sixth arrondissement, which is home to one of Europe's largest urban parks, the Parc de la Tête d'or, as well as Lycée du Parc and Interpol's world headquarters.

Panorama of the inner city of Lyon, taken from the basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière's roof

Climate

Lyon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), bordering an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb, Trewartha: Do).^[37] The mean temperature in Lyon in the coldest month is 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in January and in the warmest month in July is 22.6 °C (72.7 °F). Precipitation is adequate year-round, at an average of 820 mm (32.3 in), the winter months are the driest. The highest recorded temperature was 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) on 13 August 2003 while the lowest recorded temperature was −24.6 °C (−12.3 °F) on 22 December 1938.^[38]

Administration

Commune

Like Paris and Marseille, the commune (municipality) of Lyon is divided into a number of municipal arrondissements, each of which is identified by a number and has its own council and town hall. Five arrondissements were originally created in 1852, when three neighbouring communes (La Croix-Rousse, La Guillotière, and Vaise) were annexed by Lyon. Between 1867 and 1959, the third arrondissement (which originally covered the whole of the Left Bank of the Rhône) was split three times, creating a new arrondissement in each case. Then, in 1963, the commune of Saint-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe was annexed to Lyon's fifth arrondissement. A year later, in 1964, the fifth was split to create Lyon's 9th – and, to date, final – arrondissement. Within each arrondissement, the recognisable quartiers or neighbourhoods are:

• 1st arrondissement: Slopes of La Croix-Rousse, Terreaux, Martinière/St-Vincent
• 2nd arrondissement: Cordeliers, Bellecour, Ainay, Perrache, Confluence, Sainte-Blandine
• 3rd arrondissement: Guillotière (north), Préfecture, Part-Dieu, Villette, Dauphiné/Sans Souci, Montchat, Grange Blanche (north), Monplaisir (north)
• 4th arrondissement: Plateau de la Croix-Rousse, Serin
• 5th arrondissement: Vieux Lyon (Saint-Paul, Saint-Jean, Saint-Georges), Saint-Just, Saint-Irénée,^[43] Fourvière, Point du Jour, Ménival, Battières, Champvert (south)
• 6th arrondissement: Brotteaux, Bellecombe, Parc de la Tête d'or, Cité Internationale
• 7th arrondissement: Guillotière (south), Jean Macé, Gerland
• 8th arrondissement: Monplaisir (south), Bachut, États-Unis, Grand Trou/Moulin à Vent, Grange Blanche (south), Laënnec, Mermoz, Monplaisir-la-Plaine
• 9th arrondissement: Vaise, Duchère, Rochecardon, St-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe, Gorge de Loup, Observance, Champvert (north)

Geographically, Lyon's two main rivers, the Saône and the Rhône, divide the arrondissements into three groups:

• To the west of the Saône, the fifth arrondissement covers the old city of Vieux Lyon, Fourvière hill and the plateau beyond. The 9th is immediately to the north, and stretches from Gorge de Loup, through Vaise to the neighbouring suburbs of Écully, Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or and Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or.
• Between the two rivers, on the Presqu'île, are the second, first, and fourth arrondissements. The second includes most of the city centre, Bellecour and Perrache railway station, and reaches as far as the confluence of the two rivers. The first is directly to the north of the second and covers part of the city centre (including the Hôtel de Ville) and the slopes of La Croix-Rousse. To the north of the Boulevard is the fourth arrondissement, which covers the Plateau of La Croix-Rousse, up to its boundary with the commune of Caluire-et-Cuire.
• To the east of the Rhône, are the third, sixth, seventh, and eighth arrondissements.

Mayors

This is a list of mayors of the commune of Lyon since the end of the 19th century.

Metropolis

Since 2015, the commune of Lyon (48 km² (19 sq mi) in land area) and 58 suburban communes have formed the Metropolis of Lyon (534 km² (206 sq mi) in land area), a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues. The Metropolis of Lyon is the only metropolitan authority in France which is a territorial collectivity, on par with French communes and departments. Its metropolitan council was for the first time directly elected by universal suffrage in 2020 within 14 electoral wards, the only directly elected metropolitan council in France.

The 14 electoral wards are the following (see map for location):

The six wards with names starting with "Lyon" are all located within the commune of Lyon. The Villeurbanne ward is coterminous with the namesake commune. All other seven wards each group various suburban communes.

The division of the Metropolis of Lyon in large electoral wards often grouping various communes and dividing the commune of Lyon into six wards was criticized by the suburban mayors, as it ended the rule of 'one commune, one metropolitan councilor'. The goal of this electoral division of the metropolis was to focus metropolitan elections more on metropolitan issues than parochial communal issues, and ensure the 'one person, one vote' rule be respected, by creating electoral wards of more homogeneous population sizes. Opponents said it diluted the voice of the small suburban communes, which are now part of large electoral wards and do not each possess a representative in the metropolitan council anymore.

Presidents of the Metropolitan Council

The two first presidents of the Metropolis of Lyon's metropolitan council were chosen by indirectly elected metropolitan councilors. The current president since July 2020 was elected by new metropolitan councilors following their election by universal suffrage in March (1st round) and June (2nd round) 2020, the first direct election of a metropolitan council in France.

Main sights

Antiquity

• The Roman ruins on the hillside near the Fourvière Basilica, with the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, the Odeon of Lyon and the accompanying Gallo-Roman museum
• Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls – ruins of a Roman amphitheatre.

Middle Ages and Renaissance

• Archbishop of Lyon
• Basilica of St-Martin-d'Ainay
  , one of the rare surviving Romanesque basilica-style churches in Lyon
• Église Saint-Paul, Romanesque (12th and 13th century) and Gothic (15th–16th century) church
• Église Saint-Bonaventure, 14th- and 15th-century Gothic church
• Église Saint-Nizier, Gothic church from the 15th century, having a doorway carved in the 16th century by Philibert Delorme
• Vieux Lyon (English: Old Lyon) area, Medieval and Renaissance quarter of the town, with shops, dining and cobbled streets
• The many Renaissance hôtels particuliers of the Old Lyon quarter, such as the Hôtel de Bullioud, were also built by Philibert Delorme

17th and 18th centuries

• City Hall on the Place des Terreaux, built by architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Robert de Cotte
• Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon
  , fine arts museum housed in a former convent of the 17th century, including the Baroque chapelle Saint-Pierre
• Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon (17th and 18th century), historical hospital with a baroque chapel
• Temple du Change (17th and 18th century), former stock exchange of Lyon, Protestant temple since the 18th century
• Place Bellecour, one of the largest town squares in Europe
• Chapelle de la Trinité (1622), the first Baroque chapel built in Lyon, and part of the former École de la Trinité, now Collège-lycée Ampère
• Église Saint-Polycarpe (1665–1670), Classical church
• Église Saint-Just (16th to 18th century), Classical church
• Saint-Bruno des Chartreux
  (17th and 18th century), church, masterpiece of Baroque architecture
• Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent (18th century), Neo-classical church

19th century and modern city

• Opéra Nouvel (1831), renovated in 1993 by Jean Nouvel
• Théâtre des Célestins (1877), designed by Gaspard André
• Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, large 19th-century basilica on the top of Fourvière Hill
• Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894)
• Vacherie du Parc (1904-1905), designed by Tony Garnier.
• La Mouche Cattle Market and Abattoir (1914, 1928), also by Garnier
• Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery (1960) designed by Le Corbusier
• Saint-Exupéry International Airport (formerly Satolas Airport), designed by Guillaume Gillet [fr
  ]
• Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1994) by Santiago Calatrava
• Palais des congrès de Lyon (1998), designed by Renzo Piano and a group of buildings for various functions
• Tour du Crédit Lyonnais
• Tour Oxygène
• Tour Incity
• Great mosque of Lyon

Museums

• Francis Bacon...); collections of sculptures, drawings and printings, decorative arts, Roman and Greek antiquities; the second largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in France after that of the Louvre
  ; and a medal cabinet of 50.000 medals and coins.
• The
  Gallo-Roman Museum displaying many valuable objects and artworks found on the site of Roman Lyon (Lugdunum) such as Circus Games Mosaic, Coligny calendar and the Taurobolic Altar
• Centre d'histoire de la résistance et de la déportation
• Musée des Confluences, new museum of sciences and anthropology, which opened its doors on 20 December 2014
• La Sucrière, contemporary art centre
• Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon houses the "Musée des Hospices Civils", a permanent exhibit tracing the history and practice of medicine from the Middle Ages to modern times
• Musée des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs
  , decorative arts and textile museum, which is one of the world's larger textile collections with 2.5 million works
• Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, contemporary art museum
• Musée de L'imprimerie, printing museum
• Musée Gadagne, museum of the history of Lyon housed in a historic building in Vieux Lyon, which includes a large collection of marionettes
• Musée des Automates, museum of automated puppets in Vieux Lyon, open since 1991
• Musée Miniature & Cinéma, museum featuring miniature movie sets, movie props, and special effects^[44]

Parks and gardens

• Parc de la Tête d'or, aka Golden Head Park, in central Lyon is the largest urban park in France at 117 hectares (290 acres). Located in the 6th arrondissement, it features a large lake on which boating takes place during the summer months.
• Jardin botanique de Lyon (8 hectares (20 acres)), included in the Parc de la Tête d'Or, is a municipal botanical garden and is open weekdays without charge. The garden was established in 1857 as a successor to earlier botanical gardens dating to 1796, and now describes itself as France's largest municipal botanical garden.
• Parc de Gerland
  , in the south of the city (80 hectares (200 acres))
• Parc des hauteurs
  , in Fourvières
• Parc de Miribel-Jonage
  (2,200 hectares (5,400 acres))
• Parc de Lacroix-Laval (115 hectares (280 acres))
• Parc de Parilly (178 hectares (440 acres))

Economy

The GDP of Lyon was 124 billion US dollars in 2019,

Tourism is an important part of the Lyon economy, with one billion euros in 2007 and 3.5 million hotel-nights in 2006 provided by non-residents.^{[citation needed]} Approximately 60% of tourists visit for business, with the rest for leisure.^{[citation needed]} In January 2009, Lyon ranked first in France for hostels business.^{[citation needed]} The festivals most important for attracting tourists are the Fête des lumières, the Nuits de Fourvière every summer, the Biennale d'art contemporain and the Nuits Sonores.

Culture

Since the Middle Ages, the region residents have spoken several dialects of Franco-Provençal. The Lyonnais dialect was replaced by the French language as the importance of the city grew. However some "frenchified" Franco-Provençal words can also be heard in the French of the Lyonnais, who call their little boys and girls "gones" and "fenottes" for example.^[48]

• The Lumière brothers pioneered cinema in the town in 1895. The Institut Lumière, built as Auguste Lumiere's house, and a fascinating piece of architecture in its own right, holds many of their first inventions and other early cinematic and photographic artifacts.
• 8 December each year is marked by the Festival of Lights (la Fête des lumières), a celebration of thanks to the
  Virgin Mary
  , who purportedly saved the city from a deadly plague in the Middle Ages. During the event, the local population places candles (luminions) at their windows and the city of Lyon organizes large-scale light shows onto the sides of important Lyonnais monuments, such as the medieval Cathédrale St-Jean.
• The Saint Francis of Sales church is famous for its large and unaltered Cavaillé-Coll pipe organ, attracting audiences from around the world.
• The Opéra Nouvel (New Opera House) is the home of the Opéra National de Lyon. The original opera house was re-designed by the distinguished French architect Jean Nouvel between 1985 and 1993 and is named after him.
• Lyon is also the French capital of "trompe l'œil" walls, a very ancient tradition. Many are to be seen around the city. This old tradition is now finding a contemporary expression, for example in the art of Guillaume Bottazzi.^[49][50]
• The Brothers of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic congregation that operates schools in Europe and North America, was founded in Lyon in 1821.
• The African Museum of Lyon is one of the oldest museums situated in Lyon.^[51]
• The Museum of Resistance and Deportation looks at the various individuals prominent in the Resistance movement in World War II. The building is strongly linked to Klaus Barbie. Lyon sees itself as the centre of the French resistance and many members were shot in Place Bellecour in the town centre. The exhibition is largely a series of mini-biographies of those involved.
• Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities program.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The historic site of Lyon was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. In its designation, UNESCO cited the "exceptional testimony to the continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia on a site of great commercial and strategic significance."^[36] The specific regions comprising the historic site include the Roman district and Fourvière, the Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon), the silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse), and the Presqu'île, which features architecture from the 12th century to modern times.^[52]

Both Vieux Lyon and the slopes of Croix-Rousse are known for their narrow passageways (named traboules) that pass through buildings and link streets on either side. The first examples of traboules are thought to have been built in Lyon in the 4th century.^[53] The traboules allowed the inhabitants to get from their homes to the Saône quickly and allowed the canuts on the Croix-Rousse hill to get from their workshops to the textile merchants at the foot of the hill.

Gastronomy

Lyon has a long and chronicled culinary arts tradition. The noted food critic Curnonsky referred to the city as "the gastronomic capital of the world",^[54] a claim repeated by later writers such as Bill Buford.^[55] Renowned 3-star Michelin chefs such as Marie Bourgeois^[56] and Eugénie Brazier^[57] developed Lyonnaise cuisine into a national phenomenon favoured by the French elite; a tradition which Paul Bocuse later turned into a worldwide success.^[58]

The

Other traditional local dishes include

fromage blanc

, seasoned with chopped herbs, shallots, salt, pepper, olive oil and vinegar.

More recently, the french tacos was invented in Lyon suburbs in the early 2000s and is now famous worldwide.

Sport

Lyon is home to the

Final

on 7 July at Stade de Lyon.

Lyon has a

French rugby league championship. The club's home is the Stade Georges Lyvet

in Villeurbanne.

Lyon is also home to the

Olivier Shoenfelder.^[62] Lyon-Villeurbanne also has a basketball team, ASVEL, that plays at the Astroballe

arena.

Street art

Since 2000, Birdy Kids, a group of graffiti artists from the city, has decorated several random buildings and walls along the Lyon ring road. In 2012, the artist collective was chosen to represent the city as its cultural ambassadors.^[63]

Demographics

The population of the city (commune) of Lyon proper was 522,969 at the January 2019 census.^[14] As of 2011, 14% of its population was born outside Metropolitan France.^[64]

Population of Lyon (commune)
(within 2020 borders)

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1801 101,760 —     1806 114,643 +2.41% 1821 149,611 +1.79% 1831 182,668 +2.02% 1836 198,683 +1.60% 1841 206,670 +0.79% 1846 238,466 +2.86% 1851 259,220 +1.68% 1856 293,743 +2.66% 1861 320,326 +1.72% 1866 325,219 +0.30% 1872 324,590 −0.03% 1876 344,513 +1.33%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1881 378,581 +1.84% 1886 404,172 +1.45% 1891 440,315 +1.78% 1896 468,311 +1.25% 1901 461,687 −0.29% 1906 474,652 +0.56% 1911 462,248 −0.53% 1921 462,446 +0.00% 1926 463,125 +0.03% 1931 463,647 +0.02% 1936 463,061 −0.03% 1946 464,104 +0.02% 1954 475,343 +0.29%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1962 535,746 +1.54% 1968 527,800 −0.25% 1975 456,716 −2.06% 1982 413,095 −1.42% 1990 415,487 +0.07% 1999 445,452 +0.78% 2009 479,803 +0.76% 2014 506,615 +1.09% 2019 522,969 +0.64% 2020 522,228 −0.14% 2021 522,250 +0.00%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on INSEE to correct the overestimated population of Lyon published by the municipal authorities at the time (10,000s of false residents had been added by the municipal authorities to artificially inflate the population figures and remain the 2nd largest city of France ahead of Marseille).[65] The 1906 figure is the one published by the municipal authorities, probably already inflated, but not corrected by INSEE because the overestimate was smaller than 10,000. Source: EHESS[66] and INSEE[14] Foreign-born Foreign-born population in Lyon by country of birth[67] Country of birth Population (2020)  Algeria 14,779  Morocco 5,245  Tunisia 4,879  Italy 3,351  Portugal 3,068  Spain 2,064  DR Congo 1,520  China 1,429  Cameroon 1,364  Senegal 1,198 The city of Lyon and 58 suburban municipalities have formed since 2015 the Metropolis of Lyon, a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues, with a population of 1,411,571 in 2019.[15] Population of Lyon (metropolis) (59 communes, within 2020 borders) Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1861 418,515 —     1866 427,522 +0.43% 1872 426,552 −0.04% 1876 453,540 +1.37% 1881 493,778 +1.66% 1886 527,621 +1.47% 1891 566,115 +1.46% 1896 600,881 +1.21% 1901 608,856 +0.26% Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1906 627,073 +0.60% 1911 629,931 +0.09% 1921 659,007 +0.45% 1926 691,446 +0.97% 1931 743,297 +1.46% 1936 738,220 −0.14% 1946 746,062 +0.11% 1954 790,662 +0.71% 1962 947,569 +2.34% Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1968 1,077,794 +2.17% 1975 1,153,402 +0.98% 1982 1,138,718 −0.18% 1990 1,166,797 +0.30% 1999 1,199,589 +0.31% 2009 1,284,927 +0.70% 2014 1,354,476 +1.06% 2020 1,416,545 +0.75% Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on INSEE to correct the overestimated population of Lyon published by the municipal authorities at the time (10,000s of false residents had been added by the municipal authorities to artificially inflate the population figures and remain the 2nd largest city of France ahead of Marseille).[65] The 1906 figure is computed using the figure for the commune of Lyon published by the municipal authorities, probably already inflated, but not corrected by INSEE because the overestimate was smaller than 10,000. Source: EHESS[68] and INSEE[69] Education Universities and tertiary education ENS Lyon : René Descartes campus Lyon 3 : Manufacture des Tabacs campus École Centrale de Lyon; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon EM Lyon (École de Management de Lyon); ECE Lyon (École de Commerce Européenne de Lyon); Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (Sciences Po Lyon); CPE Lyon ; CNSMD (Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Lyon) ECAM Lyon (École Catholique d'Arts et Métiers de Lyon); EPITECH ; EPITA ; ENTPE (École Nationale des Travaux Publiques de l'État); École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL); ESME-Sudria; École des Beaux-Arts; E-Artsup; INSA Lyon (Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon); Polytech Lyon; Institut supérieur européen de gestion group; ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes); Institution des Chartreux; Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées; Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1); Université Lumière (Lyon 2); Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3); IAE (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Lyon); Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris; Catholic University of Lyon; ESDES Business School; IDRAC (International School of Management); Wesford Graduate Business School; IFAG (Business Management School); Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action; Le Lycée du Parc; La Martinière Lyon ; Web@cademie; CEESO (Centre Européen d'Enseignement Supérieur de l'Ostéopathie); Bellecour, Écoles D'Arts. Primary and secondary schools There are some international private schools in the Lyon area, including: Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon or the Lycée de Gerland; Includes the Section Japonaises (リヨン・ジェルラン補習授業校 Riyon Jeruran Hoshū Jugyō Kō "Lyon Gerland Japanese Supplementary School"), which the part-time Japanese supplementary school[70] Ombrosa; International School of Lyon in nearby Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon; Montessori School of Lyon. Supplementary education Other Japanese supplementary schools: The Association Pour le Developpement de la Langue et de la Culture Japonaises (ADLCJ; リヨン補習授業校 Riyon Hoshū Jugyō Kō) is held in the Maison Berty Albrecht in Villeurbanne, near Lyon.[70] It was formed in 1987.[71] It serves Japanese expatriate children who wish to continue their Japanese education whilst abroad. Transport Further information: Lyon Metro, Lyon tramway, Trolleybuses in Lyon, Buses in Lyon, Transport in Rhône-Alpes, and TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Lyon-Part-Dieu train station Lyon-Bron Airport provides an alternative for domestic aviation. Lyon has two major railway stations: Lyon-Part-Dieu, which was built to accommodate the TGV, and Jean Macé. Lyon was the first city to be connected to Paris by the TGV in 1981.[73] Since that time the TGV train network has expanded and links Lyon directly to Perpignan, Toulouse, Nice, Marseille, Strasbourg, Nantes and Lille. International trains operate directly to Madrid, Barcelona, Milan, Turin, Geneva, Frankfurt, Luxembourg, Brussels and London. The city is at the heart of a dense road network and is located at the meeting point of several highways: A6 to Paris, A7 Marseille, A42 to Geneva, and A43 to Grenoble. The city is now bypassed by the A46 . A double motorway tunnel passes under Fourvière, connecting the A6 and the A7 autoroutes, both forming the "Autoroute du Soleil". Lyon is served by the Eurolines intercity coach organisation. Its Lyon terminal is located at the city's Perrache railway station, which serves as an intermodal transportation hub for tramways, local and regional trains and buses, the terminus of Metro line A, of the Tramway T2, the bicycle service Vélo'v, and taxis.[74] The motorbuses , and coaches for areas outside the centre. There are also two funicular lines from Vieux Lyon to Saint-Just and Fourvière. The ticketing system is relatively simple as the city has only one public transport operator, the SYTRAL. The public transit system was complemented in 2005 by Vélo'v, a bicycle network providing a low-cost bicycle-hire service made up of 340 stations throughout the city. Borrowing a bicycle for less than 30 minutes is free. Free rental time can be extended for another 30 minutes at any station. Lyon was the first city in France to introduce this bicycle renting system. In 2011 the Auto'lib car rental service was introduced; it works much the same way as the Velo'v but for cars. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Lyon on a weekday is 45 minutes. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 11 min, while 17% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.7 km, while 4% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[79] Maps Network of highways around Lyon Public transport map International relations See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission "Intercultural cities" program. twinned with:[81] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Bamako, Mali Barcelona, Spain Beersheba, Israel Birmingham, England, United Kingdom Boston, United States Craiova, Romania Curitiba, Brazil Frankfurt, Germany, since 1960 Gothenburg, Sweden Guangzhou, China, since 1988 Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, since 1997 Jericho, Palestine Leipzig, Germany, since 1981 Łódź, Poland, since 1991 Melbourne, Australia Milan, Italy, since 1966 Montreal, Canada, since 1979 Oran, Algeria Osaka, Japan, since 1984 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Porto-Novo, Benin Rabat, Morocco St. Louis, United States[82] Saint Petersburg, Russia Sétif, Algeria Tinca, Romania Turin, Italy Yerevan, Armenia, since 1992 Yokohama, Japan, since 1959 Notable people Main article: List of people from Lyon See also List of films set in Lyon List of streets and squares in Lyon Mères of France Occupation of Saint-Nizier church by Lyon prostitutes Montchat Notes ^ A war cry from 1269, spelt in modern Franco-Provençal as Avant, Avant, Liyon lo mèlyor. ^ Quote from a letter of Cicero to Lucius Munatius Plancus, founder of the city.[1] Arpitan: Liyon, pronounced [ʎjɔ̃]; Occitan: Lion, hist. Lionés[12] ^ Outdated and in this case alternatively pronounced /ˈlaɪənz/.[11][13] ^ Third-largest when counting only the municipality's population, after Marseille. ^ Constant PPP US dollars, base year 2015. References ^ "Cicero". Epistulae ad familiares, X.3. Retrieved 2 January 2020. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022. INSEE . Retrieved 3 April 2022. INSEE . Retrieved 16 January 2023. ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023. INSEE. "Statistiques locales - Lyon : Unité urbaine 2020 - Population municipale 2020" . Retrieved 16 January 2023. ^ INSEE. "Statistiques locales - Lyon : Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 - Population municipale 2020" . Retrieved 16 January 2023. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0 . ^ "Lyons". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6 . ^ a b "Lyon". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 8 August 2018. ^ "dicod'Òc - Recèrca". locongres.org. Retrieved 1 April 2022. ^ "Lyons". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 8 August 2018. ^ a b c INSEE. "Historique des populations communales - Recensements de la population 1876-2020" (in French). Retrieved 16 January 2023. ^ INSEE . Retrieved 16 January 2023. ^ "Lyon entrepreneurship, Lyon company, Invest Lyon – Greater Lyon". Business.greaterlyon.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2011. ^ "Classement 2019 des villes étudiantes les plus importantes en France". www.investirlmnp.fr. Retrieved 8 April 2022. ^ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2018". www.lboro.ac.uk. ^ "Quality of Living City Ranking | Mercer". mobilityexchange.mercer.com. ^ Mailhes, François; Piot, Cyrille; Rapini, Jean-Louis (2021). Les Miscellanées des Lyonnais. éditions du poutan. ^ "Lyon, d'où vient ton nom ?". Le Figaro (in French). 30 March 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2023. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959). Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German). French & European Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-2908150155 . ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 46: Lepidus and Lucius Plancus [...] founded the town called Lugudunum, now known as Lugdunum hdl:2027/spo.did2222.0000.159 . ^ "Endlichers Glossar/Endlicher's Glossary". www.maryjones.us. n.d. Retrieved 7 November 2021. Lugduno – desiderato monte: dunum enim montem Lugduno: "mountain of yearning"; dunum of course is mountain. www.maryjones.us/ctexts/endlicher_glossary.html ^ Patrick Boucheron, et al., eds. France in the World: A New Global History (2019) pp 63-68. ^ "Saint Irenaeus". Sanctoral.com. Magnificat. ^ "2847-Primat des Gaules". France-catholique.fr. 13 September 2002. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2017. ^ Braudel 1984 p. 327 ^ Pierre Edmond DESVIGNES. "Quartier renaissance Lyon : Vieux Lyon, quartier ancien et secteur sauvegarde Lyon". Vieux-lyon.org. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011. ^ "CHRD Lyon". Chrd.lyon.fr. 2017. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2017. ^ Cosgrove, Michael (4 June 2009). "Lyon: The Resistance and Deportation Museum". Digitaljournal.com. ISBN 2-03-505047-2 ^ "Lyon, France: Local Transport". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2 February 2017. ^ a b "Historic Site of Lyon". unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 31 July 2015. ^ Gregory, Stanley. “Climatic Classification and Climatic Change (Klimaklassifikation Und Klimaänderung).” Erdkunde, vol. 8, no. 4, 1954, pp. 246–252. JSTOR. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Lyon: Relevés de 2016 – Lyon" (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016. ^ "Lyon-Bron (69)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 14 July 2022. ^ "Température et records en Août pour Lyon". meteo-lyon.net (in French). Météo Villes. Retrieved 7 September 2023. ^ "Lyon–Bron (07480) - WMO Weather Station". NOAA. Retrieved 8 February 2019. Archived 8 February 2019, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Lyon-Bron (69) – altitude 198m" (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019. ^ "St-Irénée – France". sacred-destinations.com. ^ "Discover the Musée Miniature et Cinéma in Lyon &#124 Unique in Europe". Musée Miniature et Cinéma. ^ OECD. "City statistics : Economy". Retrieved 16 January 2023. ^ "Le laboratoire P4, ménagerie virale". Le Monde. France. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009. ^ "Official site of Lyon". Grandlyon.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2011. ^ Jean-Baptiste Onofrio : Essai d'un glossaire des patois de Lyonnais, Forez et Beaujolais, Lyon 1864 ^ "Pierre Alain Muet Archives 2008". Pa-muet.com. 17 June 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. ^ "Bottazzi fait le mur". Brefonline.Com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2009. ^ "The African Museum of Lyon Website". Musee-africain-lyon.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Site Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. City of Lyon official website. Retrieved 26 November 2009. ^ Perret, Aurelie. "Les traboules de Lyon". histoire-pour-tous.fr. SF Webmedia. Retrieved 31 July 2015. ^ Curnonsky, Marcel E. Grancher (1935). Lyon, capitale mondiale de la gastronomie. Editions Lugdunum. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ Buford, Bill (12 February 2011). "Why Lyon is food capital of the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2014. ^ "Priay Il y a 80 ans " La mère Bourgeois " obtenait 3 étoiles". leprogres.fr. Le Progres. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ "Histoire de la gastronomie 2/4". franceculture.fr. Radio France. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ Gaudry, François-Régis (26 September 2014). "Paul Bocuse: derniers secrets du "pape" de la gastronomie française". lexpress.fr. Groupe Express-Roularta. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ "Cuisine et boissons Lyon et ses environs". routard.com. Cyberterre / Hachette tourisme. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ "Avant d'être une compétition, le Trophée des champions est une vitrine pour la Ligue 1". webfootballclub.fr. Web Football Club. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015. ^ Joly, Maxime. "Le Grand Stade de Lyon pourrait rapporter 70 millions d'euros par an à l'OL". lefigaro.fr. Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015. ^ "Lyon 2e : 60 ans de sport de glace". leprogres.fr. Le Progres. Retrieved 31 July 2015. ^ "Birdy Kids – cultural ambassador of Lyon". lyon.fr. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. ^ "Le nouveau profil de la population active immigrée". Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. ^ doi:10.3406/geoca.1968.2625 . Retrieved 16 October 2020. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Lyon, EHESS (in French). ^ "IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2020 − Recensement de la population – Résultats pour toutes les communes, départements, régions, intercommunalités... −Étrangers - Immigrés en 2020 | Insee". EHESS. "Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui" . Retrieved 9 April 2022. INSEE . Retrieved 9 April 2022. ^ a b "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on 10 May 2014. Cite Scolaire: "Cité Scolaire Internationale, 2 place de Montréal,69361 LYON CEDEX 07 FRANCE" and Lyon: "Maison Berty Albrecht 14, Place Grandclement, 69100 Viueurbanne, FRANCE" ^ Home page. Association Pour le Developpement de la Langue et de la Culture Japonaises. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. ^ "Bus 47 - Meyzieu ZI - Aéroport St Exupéry - St-Laurent de Maréchal Juin | TCL". www.tcl.fr. Retrieved 10 March 2020. S2CID 109613366 . ^ "Eurolines - Lyon Tourist Office". en.visiterlyon.com. Retrieved 28 January 2024. ^ "Le réseau TCL | TCL". www.tcl.fr. Retrieved 28 January 2024. ^ a b "Plan interactif - Carte de Lyon et ses environs | TCL". www.tcl.fr. Retrieved 28 January 2024. ^ "Discover the service | Rhônexpress". www.rhonexpress.fr. Retrieved 28 January 2024. ^ "RhônExpress". Railway Technology. Retrieved 28 January 2024. ^ "Lyon Public Transportation Statistics". Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Retrieved 19 June 2017. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ^ Council of Europe (2011). "Intercultural city: Lyon, France". coe.int. Retrieved 22 May 2011. ^ "Jumelage". economie.grandlyon.com (in French). Grand Lyon économie. Retrieved 14 November 2019. ^ "World Trade Center Saint Louis". worldtradecenter-stl.com. World Trade Center Saint Louis. Retrieved 18 May 2020. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lyon. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lyon. Official website(in French) Visit Lyon, the official website for tourism in France Lyon’s English Language News and Information Rues de Lyon Streets, Places, Monuments (in French) Old maps of Lyon Archived 16 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Historic cities site Archived 25 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The National Library of Israel Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyon&oldid=1218456694"