Lysophosphatidylcholine

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General chemical structure of lysophosphatidylcholines, where R is a variable fatty acid chain

Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC, lysoPC), also called lysolecithins, are a class of chemical compounds which are derived from phosphatidylcholines.[1]

Overview

Lysophosphatidylcholines are produced within cells mainly by the enzyme

phagocytose nearby myelin
. Invading T cells are also thought to mediate this process. Bacteria such as
lysophospholipids
) to cause host cell (macrophage) apoptosis through cytochrome C release.

LPCs are present as minor phospholipids in the

alkyl-group, alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) were synthesized. These LPC analogues are metabolically stable, and several ALPs such as edelfosine, miltefosine and perifosine are under research and development as drugs against cancer and other diseases.[6][7] Lysophosphatidylcholine processing has been discovered to be an essential component of normal human brain development: those born with genes that prevent adequate uptake suffer from lethal microcephaly.[8] MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers.[9]
[10]

LPCs occur in many foods naturally. According to the third edition of Starch: Chemistry and Technology, lysophosphatidylcholine makes up about 70% of the lipids in oat starch (p.592).[11]

Also, the anti-cancer abilities of synthetic LPC variants are special since they do not target the cell DNA but rather insert into the plasma membrane, causing

tumor cell.[12]

Industrial Applications of Enzymes Producing Lysophosphatidylcholine

FoodPro LysoMaxa Oil is an FDA approved commercialized PLA2 enzyme preparation utilized for the degumming of vegetable oils in large-scale productions to increase yield. Variants of lysophosphatidylcholine are the main products of this enzyme.[13] Lysophosphatidylcholine has been studied as an immune activator for differentiating monocytes to mature dendritic cells.[14] Lysophosphatidylcholine present in blood amplifies microbial TLR ligands-induced inflammatory responses from human cells like intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages/monocytes.[15] This has an implication in sepsis induced by microbes.

Composition in Foods

Lysophosphatidylcholine accounts for 4.6% of phospholipids found in coconut oil, which make up 0.2% of lipids in coconut oil. In contrast, vegetable oils contain about 2-3% phospholipids.[16]

Lysophosphatidylcholine and Atherosclerosis

Intima-media thickness, which is positively correlated with reduced blood flow, was studied in young smokers. Evidence pointed towards smoking as a major risk factor for increased levels of PLA2, due to tobacco smoke's impact on oxidation of retained LDL particles in the intima of a carotid artery,[17] which may have a detrimental impact on overall health.

See also

References

  1. PMID 29769317
    .
  2. ^ Phosphatidylcholine and related lipids Archived 2009-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, lipidlibrary.co.uk
  3. PMID 27127201
    .
  4. PMID 29371247
    .
  5. S2CID 17619382
    .
  6. ^
    S2CID 42907729
    .
  7. S2CID 6997551
    .
  8. PMID 26005868
    .
  9. S2CID 4462512
    .
  10. PMID 27008858
    .
  11. ISBN 9780080926551
    .
  12. PMID 18691116
    .
  13. ISBN 9780080918099
    .
  14. ^ "Patent US20110135684 - Use of L-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine to obtain the differentiation of..." google.com.mx.
  15. S2CID 220842161
    .
  16. ^ "Rahman's page 12 chart" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28.
  17. PMID 24358251
    .
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