Müller glia
Müller glia, or Müller cells, are a type of retinal
The major role of the Müller cells is to maintain the structural and functional stability of retinal cells. This includes regulation of the extracellular environment via uptake of
Development
Müller glia are derived developmentally from two distinct populations of cells. The Müller glia cell is the only retinal glial cell that shares a common cell lineage with retinal neurons. A subset of Müller glia has been shown to originate from neural crest cells.[3] They are shown to be critical to the development of the retina in mice, serving as promoters of retinal growth and histogenesis, via a nonspecific esterase-mediated mechanism.[4] Müller glia have also been implicated as guidepost cells for the developing axons of neurons in the chick retina.[5] Studies using a zebrafish model of Usher syndrome have implicated a role for Müller glia in synaptogenesis, the formation of synapses.[6]
Neuronal support
As glial cells, Müller glia serve a secondary but important role to
Role in retinal regeneration
Müller glia are currently being studied for their role in neural regeneration, a phenomenon which is not known to occur in humans.[10] Studies of the regenerative properties of Müller glia in both the zebrafish[11][12] and the chicken[13] retina have been performed, with the exact molecular mechanism of regeneration remaining unclear. Further studies performed in mice have shown that overexpression of Ascl1 in Müller glia in conjunction with administration of a histone deacetylase inhibitor allowed for regeneration of retinal neurons from Müller glia.[14] Studies in human models have demonstrated that Müller glia has the potential to serve as stem cells in the adult retina[15] and are efficient rod photoreceptor progenitors.[16]
Damage to retinal cells induces Müller cells to produce
See also
- Radial glia
References
- ^ Müller, Heinrich (1851). "Zur Histologie der Netzhaut" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 3: 234–237. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-29. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
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- ^ PMID 17485670.
- Lucy Sherriff (1 May 2007). "Living optical fibres found in the eye". The Register.
- ^ WebVision: Regeneration in the Visual System of Adult Mammals
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External links
- New Hope For Regenerating Damaged Human Retina: Sleeping Stem Cells Successfully Awakened
- Müller cells at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
- Reichenbach, Andreas; Faude, Frank; Enzmann, Volker; Bringmann, Andreas; Pannicke, Thomas; Francke, Mike; Biedermann, Bernd; Kuhrt, Heidemarie; Stolzenburg, Jens-Uwe; Skatchkov, Serguei N.; PMID 9323724.
- NIF Search - Muller Cell Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine via the Neuroscience Information Framework