MAX Red Line

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MAX Red Line
standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead line, 750 V DC
Route diagram

Legend
to Hillsboro
 Beaverton Transit Center
WES Commuter Rail
US 26.svg
Sunset Highway
 Sunset Transit Center
Parking
 Washington Park
Goose Hollow/​Southwest Jefferson Street
Providence Park
I-405.svg I-405
11th Avenue loop tracks
B NS (SW 11th Ave)
A NS (SW 10th Ave)
 Galleria/​Southwest 10th Avenue
Portland Streetcar
 Library/​Southwest 9th Avenue
Portland Streetcar
 Pioneer Square North
Pioneer Square South
Portland Transit Mall (SW 6th Ave)
Portland Transit Mall (SW 5th Ave)
 Morrison/​Southwest 3rd Avenue
Yamhill District
Oak Street/​Southwest 1st Avenue
Skidmore Fountain
Old Town/​Chinatown
Portland Transit Mall (NW Glisan St)
Steel Bridge over Willamette River
Interstate MAX
 Rose Quarter Transit Center
I-5.svg I-5
 Convention Center
Portland Streetcar
B (NE Grand Ave)
A (NE 7th Ave)
 Northeast 7th Avenue
Portland Streetcar
 Lloyd Center/​Northeast 11th Avenue
Hollywood/​Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center
Northeast 60th Avenue
Northeast 82nd Avenue
I-84.svgI-205.svg I-84 / I-205
Gateway/​Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center
Parking
Eastside MAX
I-84.svgI-205.svg I-84 /
I-205
northbound
 Parkrose/​Sumner Transit Center
Parking
I-205.svg
I-205
southbound
 Cascades
Mount Hood Avenue
Portland Airport
Portland International Airport
This diagram:

The MAX Red Line is a

Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center and then branches off to Portland Airport station. Service runs for 22 hours per day with headways
of up to 15 minutes. The Red Line carried an average 10,310 passengers per weekday in September 2021, the second-busiest after the Blue Line.

Plans for light rail service to Portland International Airport surfaced in the 1980s, and efforts were accelerated during the airport's expansion in the 1990s. The Airport MAX project was conceived from an unsolicited proposal by

right-of-way
.

The Red Line began operating between the airport and downtown Portland on September 10, 2001. It was extended west along existing MAX tracks to Beaverton Transit Center in 2003. Track improvements as part of the A Better Red project are scheduled for completion in 2024; this project adds a second track to single-track segments along the Airport MAX and extends Red Line service farther west to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport station in Hillsboro.

History

Background and partnership agreement

a road entrance to Cascade Station facing Sports Authority
Cascade Station shopping center, which Bechtel developed in exchange for building the Airport MAX

During construction of the controversial

Westside Corridor from downtown Portland to Washington County as the "next priority corridor for major investment".[13][14][15] Metro and the regional transit agency, TriMet, subsequently called on local governments and businesses in Clackamas County to pursue alternative funding sources for the I-205 line,[16] which Clackamas County officials disputed.[17] As a compromise, Metro published a transit plan in 1989 that reasserted the Westside Corridor's priority and commissioned preliminary work for the I-205 proposal.[18][19]

In April 1991, the Port of Portland approved a master plan for Portland International Airport—a 20-year, $300 million phased expansion of the

ballot measure.[29]

In 1997, engineering firm

Multnomah County Circuit Court claiming that the contract awarded to Bechtel may have violated Oregon procurement laws.[34] The court ruled in favor of TriMet with the judge declaring that the contract was awarded fairly.[35]

Funding and construction

a Red Line train exiting a tunnel
The south portal of the tunnel that was built in the late 1970s as part of the I-205 busway and was first brought into use by the Red Line

TriMet estimated the cost of the Airport MAX extension to be $125 million, but additional costs to purchase train sets and build related infrastructure raised this total to $182.7 million.[36] The project's timeline was accelerated with the formation of a public–private partnership, which excluded Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding and thus eliminated a requirement for FTA approval.[26]: 82 [37] Under U.S. federal regulations along with authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Port was only able to fund a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) stretch within airport property.[32] To ensure funding for the entire project, the Port divided financing into three parts and assumed responsibility for that segment. The next 1.4 miles (2.3 km) of track, which ran through Cascade Station, in turn went to private funding, while the final 2.9 miles (4.7 km) along I-205 was covered by TriMet, Metro, and the City of Portland.[38]

The Port contributed $28.3 million for construction and $20 million for terminal and road improvements; these funds were drawn from a $3 ticket fee levied on travelers.[1][36] Delta Air Lines, Reno Air, and United Airlines had opposed the use of ticket fees, arguing that the extension would serve few airline passengers,[39] but the FAA approved it in May 1999.[40] Additional funds came from Cascade Station Development, a private consortium of Bechtel and real estate developer Trammell Crow, who provided $28.2 million for the project and $13.1 million for the construction of an interchange over I-205 and Airport Way.[41] TriMet released $27.5 million for construction, which was funded by $30 million in bonds,[1][36] and procured six new rail cars for $6 million each.[41][42] Metro allocated $18 million from a regional transportation fund,[1][36] and $23 million came from tax increment bonds issued by the City of Portland.[1][26]: 82 

David Evans and Associates served as the prime engineer and lead designer.

canopy, which ZGF also designed.[48][49] Bechtel began the end-to-end testing of the power, trains, and signals in March 2001, and TriMet took over the project that July to continue system testing and verify scheduling.[46]

Opening and extension to Beaverton

Passengers alighting from a Red Line train at the center platform of Beaverton Transit Center
A Red Line train at Beaverton Transit Center in 2004

In 2000, TriMet named the new MAX service to the airport the "Red Line" to differentiate it from the established service between

nationwide ground stop.[55] Upon opening, the Red Line operated from the airport to the Library and Galleria stations in downtown Portland, where its trains turned around at the 11th Avenue loop tracks.[56] It replaced bus route 12–Sandy Boulevard as TriMet's only service to and from the airport,[53][57] while C-Tran, the transit agency serving Clark County, Washington, rerouted its bus service from its connection at Gateway Transit Center to Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center.[53] Although tested during trial runs,[46] TriMet opted to omit luggage racks from Red Line trains to maximize rider capacity.[58] By November 2001, ridership had averaged 2,300 riders and peaked at 3,800 riders a day before the Thanksgiving holiday weekend. At the time, service had been using single light rail cars,[59] but the influx of riders prompted TriMet to temporarily deploy two-car consists, which it had not planned to do until 2006.[60]

On September 1, 2003, TriMet extended Red Line service farther west using the existing

Westside MAX tracks to Beaverton Transit Center. This was done in an effort to increase capacity between Gateway Transit Center and Beaverton, and to provide a one-seat ride to the airport for westside riders.[61] Regular use of two-car trains on the line began in September 2005, when overcrowding prompted TriMet to change most Yellow Line service from two-car consists to single cars in order to convert the Red Line to two-car trains.[62] On March 2, 2008, three trips in each direction during the morning and evening rush hours began operating between the Hatfield Government Center and Portland Airport stations to provide further additional capacity on the Blue Line amid growing ridership.[63]

Track improvements and extension to Hillsboro

refer to caption
A single-track segment of the Airport MAX along I-205 in 2018

In October 2017,

Gateway North".[66]
TriMet received the FTA grant and broke ground on September 29, 2021.

From April 2–9, 2022,[73][74] Red Line service was suspended to make way for construction, and shuttle buses operated between Gateway Transit Center and Portland International Airport.[75][76] The project is expected to be completed in 2024.[77][78]

From June 18 to October 21, 2023, TriMet suspended MAX service between Gateway Transit Center and the airport.[79][80]

From January 14 to March 3, 2024, TriMet suspended MAX Red Line service along with Blue and Green Lines between NE 7th and Gateway Transit Center.[81] Inbound Red Line service from PDX will serve Gateway North beginning March 4th, 2024.[82]

Route

See also: MAX Blue Line § Route
refer to caption
An airport-bound MAX train running above I-205

The Red Line serves the Airport MAX extension, which is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) long.[a] The extension begins just south of Gateway Transit Center where it branches from the Eastside MAX segment, makes a 180-degree loop, and heads north along the east side of I-205.[1] Near Rocky Butte, it enters a tunnel beneath the northbound lanes of the freeway and emerges along the median.[41] Just south of the Columbia Slough, the route crosses over the southbound lanes as I-205 towards Cascade Station and proceeds northwest along the south side of Cascade Parkway.[83] It follows this road then crosses it just before Mount Hood Avenue station.[84] The line continues northwest along the south side of Airport Way until it reaches its terminus at Portland Airport station.[85] Beyond the Airport MAX, Red Line trains serve parts of the Westside and Eastside MAX segments; it interlines with the Blue Line from Beaverton Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center and the Green Line from Rose Quarter Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center.[86]

Although much of the Red Line runs along a double-track railway, two segments of the Airport MAX extension are single-tracked. The first segment starts near Gateway Transit Center and ends just north of Northeast Halsey Street. The other segment runs from south of the Northeast Airport Way and Northeast Airport Way Frontage Road intersection to just before the airport terminus.[87] TriMet is adding a second track to both segments by 2024 as part of the A Better Red project.[66]

Map
A geographic map of the MAX Red Line (in red) and its future extension (in green) relative to the rest of the network (in black) with icons marking the line's termini. The official system schematic can be viewed on the TriMet website.

Stations

Further information on the stations, including TriMet bus connections: List of MAX Light Rail stations
The platform of Portland Airport station; a two-car train awaits passengers to board with it doors open
Portland Airport station, the Red Line's eastern terminus

The Airport MAX extension consists of four stations; from north to south they are: Portland Airport, Mount Hood Avenue, Cascades, and Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center.[1] Red Line service runs from Portland Airport station to Beaverton Transit Center, a total of 27 stations. The Red Line interlines with the Blue and Green lines along the Eastside and Westside MAX segments; it shares 22 stations, from Beaverton Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center, with the Blue Line, of which eight stations, from Rose Quarter Transit Center to Gateway Transit Center, are additionally shared with the Green Line. Transfers to the Green (beyond the interline segment), Orange, and Yellow lines, via the Pioneer Courthouse and Pioneer Place stations along the Portland Transit Mall, can be made by detraining at the Pioneer Square stations. Another transfer to the Yellow Line, via Interstate/Rose Quarter station, can be made at Rose Quarter Transit Center.[88] The Red Line also provides connections to local and intercity bus services at various stops across the line, the Portland Streetcar at four stops within Portland's Central City,[89] and WES Commuter Rail at Beaverton Transit Center.[90] A Better Red will extend Red Line service to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport station in 2024 using the existing Westside MAX alignment, as well as construct an infill station north of Gateway Transit Center called "Gateway North".[66]

Key
Icon Purpose
‡ Future terminus
† Current terminus
→ Eastbound travel only
← Westbound travel only
List of MAX Red Line stations
Station Location Began serving Line transfers[88] Notes[88][91][b]
Fair Complex/Hillsboro Airport‡ Hillsboro 2024 —
Hawthorn Farm —
Orenco Connects to
North Hillsboro Link
Quatama —
Willow Creek/Southwest 185th Avenue Transit Center Connects to
North Hillsboro Link
Elmonica/Southwest 170th Avenue Beaverton Near Elmonica maintenance facility
Merlo Road/Southwest 158th Avenue —
Beaverton Creek —
Millikan Way —
Beaverton Central —
Beaverton Transit Center† September 1, 2003 Connects to WES Commuter Rail
Sunset Transit Center Connects to
POINT, TCTD
Washington Park Portland Connects to Washington Park Free Shuttle
Goose Hollow/Southwest Jefferson Street —
Providence Park —
Library/Southwest 9th Avenue→ September 10, 2001 Connects to Portland Streetcar
Galleria/Southwest 10th Avenue←
Pioneer Square South→     Connects to Portland Transit Mall
Pioneer Square North←    
Yamhill District→ —
Morrison/Southwest 3rd Avenue←
Oak Street/Southwest 1st Avenue —
Skidmore Fountain —
Old Town/Chinatown —
Rose Quarter Transit Center    Connects to C-Tran
Convention Center   Connects to Portland Streetcar
Northeast 7th Avenue   Connects to Portland Streetcar
Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue   —
Hollywood/Northeast 42nd Avenue Transit Center   —
Northeast 60th Avenue   —
Northeast 82nd Avenue   —
Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center
→ 		  Connects to Columbia Area Transit[92]
Gateway North
← 		March 4, 2024[93]  
Parkrose/Sumner Transit Center September 10, 2001 — Connects to C-Tran
Cascades — —
Mount Hood Avenue — —
Portland Airport† — Connects to C-Tran

Service

TriMet designates the Red Line as a "Frequent Service" route; its trains operate for approximately 22 hours per day with

through services of the Blue Line upon arriving at Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center. The Red Line's last three trips turn into eastbound Blue Line trains at Gateway Transit Center and terminate at Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue station. The last westbound service departs from Portland Airport station at approximately 12:30 am and the last Red Line service, which travels eastbound, departs from Portland Airport station at approximately 1:40 am.[95]

On September 2, 2018, TriMet reintroduced bus service to the airport, which had been replaced by the Red Line in 2001, with the 272–PDX Night Bus. The bus route ran in the late night and early morning hours when the Red Line was not operating.[96][97] It was indefinitely suspended on April 5, 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic.[98]

Ridership

The Red Line averaged 10,310 riders on weekdays in September 2021.[2] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted public transit ridership globally, the Red Line was the second-busiest service on the MAX network, having averaged 22,530 weekday riders in September 2019.[99] In September 2002, it averaged 2,800 daily riders at the airport, ahead of TriMet's first-year projections of 2,300.[100] The line's extension to Beaverton Transit Center in 2003 increased weekday ridership by 49 percent along the westside corridor and six percent systemwide.[101] IKEA's opening in July 2007 helped to attract more riders to Cascade Station, which had been considered a failed planned development amid the economic recession that followed the September 11 attacks.[102] In 2008, Cascades station recorded an eight-fold increase in traffic, from 250 passengers per week to 2,000;[103] this number increased to 6,000 by 2010.[104] The Red Line's yearly ridership peaked at just over nine million passengers in 2009;[105] it has continued to fall as part of a system-wide decline attributed to crime and rising housing costs in the Portland area.[106][107] From 8.2 million boardings in 2012, 7.4 million boardings were recorded in 2015.[1][108]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^
    Westside MAX, is undetermined.[1]
  2. ^ This list of service connections excludes TriMet bus connections. For a complete list that includes all transfers, see: List of MAX Light Rail stations.

References

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