MusicBrainz

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MusicBrainz
CC BY-NC-SA (not open); commercial licensing available
Written inPerl with PostgreSQL database

MusicBrainz is a

metadata (this is information about the performers, artists, songwriters, etc.) storehouse to become a structured online database for music.[3][4]

MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their recorded works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and the length of each track. These entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the release date and country, the CD ID,

.

Cover Art Archive

Logo of Cover Art Archive

MusicBrainz allows contributors to upload cover art images of releases to the database; these images are hosted by Cover Art Archive (CAA), a joint project between

Amazon.com and some other online resources, but CAA is now preferred, because it gives the community more control and flexibility for managing the images. As of October 2023, over 4.6 million images exist in the archive.[8]

Fingerprinting

Screenshot of MusicBrainz Picard

Besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, is used to do this.

Proprietary services

In 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatable's patented TRM (a recursive acronym for TRM Recognizes Music) for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly. However, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP (now AmpliFIND), replacing TRM with MusicDNS.[9] TRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008.

In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND.[10] Sometime after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems.[citation needed]

AcoustID and Chromaprint

Since the future of the free identification service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský.[11] While AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these eight times per second. Additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns.[12] The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity and returns the AcoustID identifier along with MusicBrainz recording identifiers, if known.

Licensing

Since 2003,

relational database management system is PostgreSQL. The server software is covered by the GNU General Public License
. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, which allows use of the code by proprietary software products.

In December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the

non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye.[15] On 20 January 2006, the first commercial venture to use MusicBrainz data was the Barcelona, Spain-based Linkara in their "Linkara Música" service.[16]

On 28 June 2007, BBC announced that it had licensed MusicBrainz's live data feed to augment their music web pages. The BBC online music editors would also join the MusicBrainz community to contribute their knowledge to the database.[17]

On 28 July 2008, the beta of the new BBC Music site was launched, which publishes a page for each MusicBrainz artist.[18][19]

ListenBrainz

Logo of ListenBrainz

ListenBrainz is a

MetaBrainz Foundation project tied to MusicBrainz. It aims to re-implement Last.fm features that were lost following that platform's acquisition by CBS.[21][22]

ListenBrainz takes submissions from media players and services such as Music Player Daemon, Spotify, and Rhythmbox in the form of listens. ListenBrainz can also import Last.fm and Libre.fm scrobbles in order to build listening history. As listens are released under an open license, ListenBrainz is useful for music research for industry and development purposes.[23][24][25][26][27]

ListenBrainz can also generate recommendations and playlists based on individual listening.[28]

In December 2021, the Year in Music reports feature was added, allowing users to find out and share their top tracks, albums, and artists for the year.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About". MusicBrainz. MetaBrainz. Archived from the original on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  2. ^ "WHOIS Lookup". ICANN. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  3. ^ Highfield, Ashley. "Keynote speech given at IEA Future Of Broadcasting Conference Archived 2008-04-22 at the Wayback Machine", BBC Press Office, 2007-06-27. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
  4. (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2015-08-28.
  5. ^ "Database Statistics". MusicBrainz. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  6. ^ Fabian Scherschel (10 October 2012). "MusicBrainz and Internet Archive create cover art database". The H. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013.
  7. ^ "MetaBrainz Blog". MetaBrainz Blog. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  8. ^ "Database Statistics – Cover Art". MusicBrainz. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  9. ^ "New fingerprinting technology available now!" (Press release). MusicBrainz community blog. 2006-03-12. Archived from the original on 2008-08-07. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
  10. ^ AmpliFIND Music Services: News Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Introducing Chromaprint – Lukáš Lalinský". Oxygene.sk. 2010-07-24. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  12. S2CID 1502596
    . Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  13. ^ "MusicBrainz Licenses". Archived from the original on April 13, 2003. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
  14. ^ MusicBrainz License as of 13-11-2010.
  15. ^ Kaye, Robert (2006-03-12). "The MetaBrainz Foundation launches!" (Press release). MusicBrainz community blog. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
  16. ^ Kaye, Robert (2006-01-20). "Introducing: Linkara Musica". MusicBrainz. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
  17. ^ Kaye, Robert (2007-06-28). "The BBC partners with MusicBrainz for Music Metadata". MusicBrainz. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
  18. ^ Shorter, Matthew (2008-07-28). "BBC Music Artist Pages Beta". BBC. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-02-12.
  19. ^ MusicBrainz and the BBC Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine as of 2013-03-16
  20. ^ "ListenBrainz Goals". ListenBrainz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  21. ^ O'Brien, Danny (3 June 2021). "Organizing in the Public Interest: MusicBrainz". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  22. . Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  23. . Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  24. . Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  25. . Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  26. . Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  27. ^ Ray, Brian (6 December 2019). "Build a useful ML Model in hours on GCP to Predict The Beatles' listeners". Towards Data Science. Towards Data Science Inc. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  28. ^ Porter, Alastair (24 December 2020). "Playlists and personalised recommendations in ListenBrainz". MetaBrainz Blog. MetaBrainz Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  29. ^ "ListenBrainz presents: Your Year in Music". MetaBrainz Blog. 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2023-12-08.

Further reading

External links