MV Geysir
History | |
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Name | Geysir |
Owner | TransAtlantic Lines LLC |
Port of registry | United States |
Route | The Azores |
Builder | Equitable Shipyard Inc., Madisonville, Louisiana |
Yard number | 1716[2] |
Laid down | 1 January 1977 |
Launched | 20 January 1979 |
Completed | 1980 |
Identification |
|
Status | In service[3] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | General cargo ship[1] |
Tonnage | |
Length | 90.1 m (296 ft) LOA[2] |
Beam | 13.7 m (45 ft)[2] |
Depth | 6.7 m (22 ft)[2] |
Approximate routes of the Geysir: From the U.S. East Coast to Iceland, Azores, and Brazil.
|
MV Geysir is a U.S.-
In 1984, it was renamed Rainbow Hope and leased by a small startup company to serve a route between the United States and the American military base at Keflavik, Iceland. As Rainbow Hope the ship was central in an international disagreement between the United States and Iceland that would span years, be compared by The Chicago Tribune to the plot of the movie The Mouse That Roared, and involve political personalities including Antonin Scalia, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Ken Starr, Elizabeth Dole, George Shultz, and Ronald Reagan.[4]
After finally losing the Iceland route, the ship was renamed Juno, bought by Norwegian owners and worked in the Norwegian trade from 1996 to 1999. In 1999, it was bought by TransAtlantic Lines, renamed Geysir and put back on the U.S.–Iceland route, leading to further tensions between the United States and Iceland. After the 2006 closing of the United States Naval Station in Keflavik, the ship has gone on to carrying cargo to U.S. activities in the Azores.
Construction
Then named Amazonia, the ship's keel was laid on 1 January 1977 at Equitable Shipyard in
Amazonia was built with eight ballast tanks, having a total ballast capacity of 770 cubic metres (27,000 cu ft).[5][6] Other major features of the ship's structure include its five diesel oil tanks, two lubricating oil tanks, two potable water tanks, a chain tank, and a waste water tank.[5] The ship was built with two cranes, which have since been removed.[7]
The ship features a
History
In the early 1980s, the company American Atlantic Shipping, a wholly owned subsidiary of American Maritime Industries, built three 2,000 DWT multi-purpose ships to carry cargo between the United States and Brazil: the Amazonia and her two sister-ships, America and Antilla.[9][10][11] In 1983, the United States Maritime Administration took possession of the three ships after American Atlantic defaulted on Title XI[12] payments.[13]
Rainbow Hope
In May 1984, entrepreneur Mark W. Yonge of Monmouth County,
According to an official of the
Before Rainbow Hope ever left the pier, the Department of Transportation approached Rainbow trying to defuse the situation.
Shultz's State Department attempted to solve the problem in a number of ways. It tried and failed to have the 1904 Cargo Preference Act amended.
Eight months later, the government took a different approach to solve its problem with Rainbow, in the form of the 1986 Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iceland to Facilitate Their Defense Relationship.
Though a tumultuous time, Rainbow Hope kept at least part of the Iceland route from 1987 through late 1990. In the 1987 bidding, Rainbow was the only U.S. company to bid.
Operational incidents
In addition to the almost non-stop succession of challenges related to the contracts on the U.S.–Iceland run, Rainbow Hope was involved in a few notable operational incidents. The most notable of these involves a
Other operational incidents of note include a 1988 fire during a return voyage from Iceland to the United States which forced the ship to stop in Newfoundland for repairs, and a crane breakdown on 15 November 1991 during cargo operations that required repairs be made in Praia da Vitória, Azores.[23][24]
Juno
The ship's
In late 1996, the ship was purchased by the company Noro of
Geysir
In 1997, Gudmundur Kjærnested decided to start a shipping company to serve the Iceland route.[32] Then an Icelandic citizen, educated in the United States, and having worked at Van Ommeren shipping for seven years, he was familiar with the route and its history.[32] Kjærnested's college roommate at Babson College, Brandon C. Rose, came from an affluent family whose yearly business revenues were estimated at $200 million per year.[32] Rose offered to back the company, and together they started the two companies TransAtlantic Lines LLC and TransAtlantic Lines Iceland in February 1998.[32] The two were originally even partners in both ventures.[32] Shortly thereafter, they accepted an offer from shipping company American Automar to purchase 51% of the company, along with a never-exercised option to buy 51% of another Icelandic company largely owned by Kjærnested, Atlantsskip.[32]
The company made several preparations to bid for the Iceland contract. Rose secured a million-dollar letter of credit from the State Bank of Long Island to back early operations.
Eight bids for the 1998 U.S.–Iceland run were solicited by the
Within a month, TransAtlantic re-flagged Juno to the United States and renamed it Geysir at the Port of Jacksonville.[35] In response to the awards, the government of Iceland lodged a protest with the U.S. State Department, arguing that "TLI was not a true Icelandic shipping company" and "lacks the necessary experience, technical capability, financial responsibility, and material connection with Iceland"[33] Shipping companies Van Ommeren Lines (USA) and Eimskip of Iceland, which had previously serviced the Iceland route, sued the United States protesting the award.[33] The district court found for Van Ommeren and Eimskip, requiring the Army to restart the bidding process.[33] TransAtlantic appealed the decision, and on 11 January 2000 the Court of Appeals reversed the lower court's decision, finally securing the contract for TransAtlantic.[33]
On 4 December 2000, members of the Coast Guard Marine Safety Office observed an accidental discharge of approximately 250 US gallons (950 L) of diesel fuel from one of Geysir's tank vents into the Elizabeth River.[36] In 2001, the Coast Guard of Iceland detained the vessel leading the American Bureau of Shipping to temporarily revoke the ship's safety construction certificate and safety equipment certificate.[37]
On 8 September 2006, with the Cold War well over, the United States ceremonially disestablished Naval Air Station Keflavik and its twenty-three tenant commands, a process begun that March.[38] The closure marked the end of the 65-year military presence, the last 45 years of which coordinated under the United States Navy with activities of the National Guard, Air Force, and Army.[38][39]
On 3 February 2009 the United States Transportation Command awarded TransAtlantic a $15,078,334 contract to carry cargo between the United States and the terminal in
As of 2010[update], the ship is
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c Equasis, 2010, Ship info page.
- ^ a b c d e f g h American Bureau of Shipping 2010, General Characteristics page.
- ^ United States Coast Guard PSIX, 2010.
- ^ For The Mouse that Roared comparison and Elizabeth Dole's involvement, see Michael, Killian (1986-09-24). "Shultz Signing Iceland Pact To Soothe Mouse That Roared". Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Tribune Company. For Antonin Scalia and Kenneth Starr, see U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C., 1986. For Ronald Reagan and George Shultz, see Eichenwald 1987, p.2. For Ruth Bader Ginsburg, see U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C., 1986.
- ^ a b c d American Bureau of Shipping 2010, Hull page.
- ^ a b American Bureau of Shipping 2010, Capacity page.
- ^ American Bureau of Shipping 2010, Lifting Equipment page.
- ^ a b American Bureau of Shipping 2010, Machinery page
- ^ "Seatrade". 9. Colchester, England: Seatrade Publications. May 1979.
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(help) - ^ "Marine Engineering log". 86. New York: Simmons-Boardman. 1981.
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(help) - ^ "The motor ship". 61. London: Temple Press Ltd. 1980.
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(help) - ^ The federal Title XI program is part of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936. It provides federal guarantees to American customers of American shipbuilders. The government does not finance construction of these ships directly; rather, it guarantees repayments of loans issued by independent banks. The program is administered by the United States Maritime Administration.
- ^ "Traffic World". 205. Chicago: Traffic Service Corporation. 1986.
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(help) - ^ a b c d U.S. Court of Appeals, 1986, p.1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Eichenwald 1987, p.1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C., 1990.
- ^ a b c d e f g h U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C., 1986.
- ^ a b c d e f g Eichenwald 1987, p.2.
- ^ a b c Michael, Killian (1986-09-24). "Shultz Signing Iceland Pact To Soothe Mouse That Roared". Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Tribune Company.
- ^ United States Court of Appeals, Washington D.C. District, 1986.
- ^ U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C., 1990. Text of the treaty is available at 1986 Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iceland to Facilitate Their Defense Relationship.
- ^ a b c d e f g h 3rd U.S. Circuit Court, 1991.
- U.S. International Trade Commission (1990-06-26). "HQ 110849". Rulings And Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Washington, DC: U.S. Government.
- U.S. International Trade Commission (1993-05-26). "HQ 112665". Rulings And Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Washington, DC: U.S. Government.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number MI94018576.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number MV96002382.
- ^ a b c Norwegian International Ship Register, 2010.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number PS97021194.
- ^ Brian-Davis, Edward (2010). "Rainbow Hope". ShipPhotos. ShipPhotos.co.uk. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ Norwegian Ship Register, 2010a.
- ^ Norwegian Ship Register, 2010b.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Hefur inntak flutningasamningsins verið hunsað?" [Has input been ignored in the carriage contract?]. Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavík. 6 May 2000. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h District of Columbia Circuit Court, 2000.
- ^ a b c Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), 1998.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number MI99036165.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number MV00004567.
- ^ U.S.C.G. 2001, case number MI01015269.
- ^ a b Naval Media Center Broadcasting Detachment Keflavik (2006-09-09). "Naval Air Station Keflavik Disestablishes After 45 Years". Washington D.C.: United States Navy. Archived from the original on September 6, 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
- ^ Garamone, Jim (2006-09-29). "Last U.S. Service Members to Leave Iceland Sept. 30". Washington D.C.: United States Navy. Archived from the original on September 6, 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
- ^ a b Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), 2009.
- ^ American Maritime Officers (November 2004). "Non-union operator wins charter held by Sagamore". AMO Currents. Archived from the original on 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
References
- "Geysir (8004244)". ABS Record. American Bureau of Shipping. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) (1998-09-16). "Contracts for Wednesday September 16, 1998". Contracts. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
- Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) (2009-02-03). "Contracts for Tuesday February 03, 2009". Contracts. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
- Carelli, Richard (2000-05-15). "U.S.-Iceland shipping dispute sidestepped by Supreme Court". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- Eichenwald, Kurt (5 April 1987). "How One-Ship Fleet Altered U.S. Treaty". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- "Geysir (7710733)". Equasis. Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- Norwegian International Ship Register (2010a). "Rainbow Hope". Norwegian Ship Registers. Bergen, Norway: Norwegian International Ship Register.. On the search page, set type to "Historical", IMO number to "7710733", register to "All" and status vessel to "All (active and deleted)".
- Norwegian International Ship Register (2010b). "Juno". Norwegian Ship Registers. Bergen, Norway: Norwegian International Ship Register.. On the search page, set type to "Historical", IMO number to "7710733", register to "All" and status vessel to "All (active and deleted)".
- Norwegian Ship Register (2010). "Rainbow Hope". Norwegian Ship Registers. Bergen, Norway: Norsk Ordinært Skipsregister.. On the search page, set type to "Historical", IMO number to "7710733", register to "All" and status vessel to "All (active and deleted)".
- Rainbow Navigation, Inc., et al. v. Department of the Navy, et al., 783 F.2d 1072 (U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C. 14 February 1986).
- Rainbow Navigation, Inc., et al. v. Department of the Navy, 911 F.2d 797 (U.S. Court of Appeals, Washington D.C. 24 August 1990).
- The Iceland Steamship Company, Ltd.-eimskip and Van Ommeren Shipping (usa) Llc, Appellees v. the United States Department of the Army and Louis Caldera, Secretary of the Army, Appellees Transatlantic Lines-iceland Ehf. and Trans Atlantic Lines, L.l.c., Appellants, 201 F.3d 451 (District of Columbia Circuit Court 11 January 2000).
- Rainbow Navigation, Inc., et al. v. United States of America, 937 F.2d 105 (Third U.S. Circuit Court 24 June 1991).
- "Geysir (51544)". Port State Information Exchange. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
- United States Coast Guard (2001). "MV Geysir". PSIX Archive Database. Washington, D.C.: United States Coast Guard.
External links
External images | |
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Photo showing original crane installation. | |
2008 photo in Santander, Cantabria , Spain. |
- TransAtlantic Lines LLC Company Profile at Det Norske Veritas
- Ships owned record at American Bureau of Shipping
- 2009 Contract award Archived 2010-12-20 at the Wayback Machine