Macedonius I of Constantinople
Macedonius I of Constantinople | |
---|---|
Archbishop of Constantinople | |
Installed | 342 |
Term ended | 360 |
Personal details | |
Denomination | Christianity |
Macedonius (Greek: Μακεδόνιος; died after 360) was a Greek[1] bishop of Constantinople from 342 up to 346, and from 351 until 360. He inspired the establishment of the Pneumatomachi (also called Macedonians), a sect later declared heretical.
Biography
After Bishop Alexander's death in 336, his orthodox followers supported Paul I of Constantinople. On the other hand, the Arians rallied round Macedonius. The former was ordained bishop, but did not hold his bishopric long. The Semi-Arian emperor Constantius II came to Constantinople, convened a synod of Arian bishops, banished Paul I, and, to the disappointment of Macedonius, translated Eusebius of Nicomedia to the vacant see. This was thought to have been in 338.[2]
Eusebius's death in 341 restarted hostilities between the partisans of Paul and Macedonius. Paul returned, and was introduced into the Irene church of Constantinople; Arian bishops immediately ordained Macedonius in St. Paul's church. So violent did the tumult become that Constantius sent his general Hermogenes to eject Paul for a second time. His soldiers met with open resistance; the general was killed and his body dragged through the city.[3]
Constantius at once left
Macedonius held the see for about six years, while letters and delegates, the pope and the emperors, synods and counter-synods, were debating and disputing the treatment of Paul and Athanasius. In 349 the alternative of war offered by Constans, emperor of the West, induced Constantius to reinstate Paul; and Macedonius had to retire to a private church. The murder of Constans in 350 placed the East under the sole control of Constantius, and Paul was at once exiled. Imperial edicts followed, which permitted the Arians to claim to be the dominant faction in the church.[5]
Macedonius is said to have signalled his return to power by acts which, if truly reported, brand him as a cruel bigot. The
An act of presumption finally lost him the imperial favor in 358. The Sepulchre containing the body of
When Macedonius presented himself at the council of Seleucia in 359, it was ruled that being under accusation it was not proper for him to remain (Socr. ii. 40). His opponents, Acacius, Eudoxius, and others, followed him to Constantinople, and, availing themselves of the emperor's indignation, deposed him in 360 on the ground of cruelty and canonical irregularities. Macedonius retired to a suburb of the city, and died there.[5]
He is said to have elaborated the views with which his name is connected in his retirement. The "Macedonians", his followers, did not believe in the divinity of the Holy Spirit.
References
- ^ "Macedonius - Greek bishop [flourished 4th century]". britannica.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- Socr.ii. 7.
- ^ Fuller 1911 cites Socr. ii. 13.
- ^ Fuller 1911 cites Socr. ii. 16.
- ^ a b c Fuller 1911.
- ^ Fuller 1911 cites Socr. ii. 38
- ^ Fuller 1911 cites Socr. II. 38.
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Fuller, J. M. (1911). "Macedonius, bp. of Constantinople". In Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C. (eds.). Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray. Fuller cites:
- Socrates Scholasticus, H. E. ii. 7, 13, 16, 38, 40, etc.
- Fuller advises for authorities, consult the scattered notices in Socrates, Sozomen; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, i.; the usual Church histories and HOLY GHOST in D. C. B. (4-vol. ed. 1882).