Macrobenthos

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Part of a series related to
Benthic life
Benthopelagic (coupling)        Seabed
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Macrobenthos consists of the organisms that live at the

ascidians, crustaceans
.

The marine macrobenthos community is a critical component and reliable indicator of the biotic integrity of marine ecosystems, especially the

intertidal ecosystems.[4][5][6] On the one hand, macrobenthos plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem functions, such as material cycling in sediments and energy flow in food webs. On the other hand, macrobenthos is relatively sedentary and therefore reflects the ambient conditions of sediments, in which many pollutants (e.g., heavy metals and organic enrichment) are ultimately partitioned.[7][8][9]

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most common anthropogenic pressures that impact marine ecosystems (e.g., intertidal zones, coastal waters, and estuaries), which has been documented by many studies throughout the world.

subtidal zones other than intertidal zones, which are more vulnerable to human activities.[9]

Macrobenthos consists of numerous taxa, and different species have a different tolerance to environmental pressures. For example,

amphipods Perioculodes longimanus) are inherently sensitive to environmental disturbance, and could not survive in such highly polluted zones.[23][24][9]

This indicates that each species has evolved a unique survival strategy to adapt to different environmental conditions, even though it may be similar in some ways with other species. When facing loads of contaminants, such as metal(loid)s and organic enrichment or other contaminants gradients, macrobenthos have to make some reactions to resist such adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, macrobenthic responses may reflect different types and levels of pollutant impacts.[7][5][9]

A visual examination of macroorganisms at the bottom of an aquatic ecosystem can be a good indicator of water quality.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b J.S. Link, C.A. Griswold, E.T. Methratta, J. Gunnard, Editors. 2006. Documentation for the Energy Modeling and Analysis eXercise (EMAX) Archived 2013-02-27 at the Wayback Machine. United States Department of Commerce, Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Reference Document 06-15 Chapter 8.
  2. ^ "Macrobenthos definition". Mondofacto. 9 Oct 1997. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  3. ^ "Macrobenthos definition". Science-Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
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  9. ^
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  23. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.020
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