Mad Hatter (DC Comics)
Mad Hatter | |
---|---|
Wonderland Gang | |
Notable aliases | Fez The Fedora Fanatic |
Abilities |
|
The Mad Hatter (Jervis Tetch) is a
The Mad Hatter has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including feature films, television series, and video games. He has been voiced by
Publication history and characterization
Created by Bill Finger and Lew Sayre Schwartz, the Mad Hatter made his first appearance in Batman #49 (October 1948).[3] Jervis Tetch is fascinated with hats of all shapes and sizes, as well as the Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, particularly favoring the chapter "A Mad Tea Party".[4] According to Dr. Blakloch of Arkham Asylum:
Jervis is
Blakloch also notes that when agitated, Tetch begins rhyming as a
Fictional character biography
Backstory
Growing up, Tetch was a lonely, awkward child, shunned by other children and living in his own fantasy world.
Criminal career
Golden Age
In his first appearance as the Mad Hatter, Tetch attempts to steal a trophy from the Gotham Yacht Club, and begins a crime spree that ends when he is foiled by Batman while he is trying to rob spectators from a high society horseshow.[3] Tetch is subsequently sent to Arkham Asylum (although his fate is not revealed until Detective Comics #510).[12] The Mad Hatter is not seen again in the Golden Age of Comic Books.
Silver Age
In the Silver Age of Comic Books, an impostor Mad Hatter appears and clashes with Batman many times. He is revealed as an impostor when the Mad Hatter finally reappears, claiming to have "disposed of the impostor" (although the impostor would return one last time in Detective Comics #573 in 1987). Accompanied by several henchmen and a pet chimpanzee (named "Carroll Lewis", although the Mad Hatter claims that the chimp refuses to tell him how it came to have that moniker), the Mad Hatter kidnaps Lucius Fox, the C.E.O. of Wayne Tech. Although he holds Lucius Fox for ransom, the Mad Hatter also unveils a device allowing him to copy the knowledge in Fox's brain, which he intends to use to make an additional fortune. However, Lucius Fox is rescued by Batman, who also captures the Mad Hatter and his henchmen.[13]
The Mad Hatter's next appearance marks the first time he is portrayed in comics with the mind-controlling devices for which he would eventually become best known. Allying himself with other villains in an attempt to kill Batman, Hatter uses a mind-controlling hat on Scarecrow, forcing the villain (who had been paralyzed with fear) to fight. When Batman overcomes his attackers, Tetch flees and appears to die on a bridge under the wheels of a train. In actuality he had escaped by jumping onto a truck that had been passing underneath the bridge.[14] Subsequent encounters with Batman resulted in Tetch being sent to Arkham.[15]
During another early encounter with Batman, the Mad Hatter escapes from Arkham in time for Halloween, and makes his home in an old mansion that had been abandoned after a gruesome murder years before. Retreating deeply into his delusions about Wonderland, Tetch offers sanctuary to runaway children, asking them in return to dress up as characters from Alice in Wonderland and attend his tea parties, where he serves them drugged tea to keep them sedated. Around this time, the teenage
When
In the
Another plan consisted of implanting his devices in "free coffee and donuts" tickets he handed out in front of the police stations in Gotham. That plan had him controlling most of the cops in the city, inciting them to steal for him, and ultimately to riot. He even had Gotham police detectives
"One Year Later"/Secret Six
During
In a later issue of Secret Six, Tetch reveals that he has designed a hat to make him happy beyond the measures of what illegal drugs can. He also states that he has planted miniature listening devices around the
Gotham Underground and Salvation Run
More recently, Mad Hatter appears in
DC Infinite Halloween Special
In the first issue of DC Infinite Halloween Special, Hatter recounts a first-person perspective story of a small boy whose parents are murdered before his eyes by a blood-sucking humanoid bat. The story follows closely the actual origin story of Batman and is a close approximation of the
"Final Crisis"
In the 2008 DC storyline "
Secret Six redux
Secret Six #6 (February 2009) reveals that Mad Hatter has hired the Six to break
"Batman: Life After Death"
Tetch next shows up, seemingly uninjured from his battle with the Secret Six, working with the Penguin, who is planning on killing the new Black Mask.[22] He assists the Penguin in attaching a mind control device to a gas mask, which is placed on Batman's head to turn him into a puppet to assassinate Black Mask. The plot fails, and Batman recovers before killing Black Mask.[23] Following this, Tetch is shown once again incarcerated in Arkham. He hires Deathstroke and the Titans to free him, and escapes just prior to a massive prison riot.[24]
The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Jervis Tetch is portrayed as suffering from hypogonadism, which prevents him from physically maturing. He begins taking testosterone-enhancing drugs that permanently impair his mental stability. His parents commit him to Arkham Asylum after he has a drug-induced psychotic breakdown, during which he begins referring to himself as "the Mad Hatter". He is eventually freed by the White Rabbit.[25] He uses his mind control technology to make a passenger train full of people commit suicide, assisted by his henchmen, the Tweed Brothers.[26] He then uses his technology to drive several Gothamites insane. Batman eventually foils his plan and throws him through a glass rooftop.[27]
Mad Hatter and the Tweed Brothers next appear after Black Mask escapes Arkham Asylum. When Black Mask attempts to regain control over his False Face Society, he comes into conflict with the Mad Hatter, who sees Black Mask as a rival due to Black Mask's similar mind control abilities. Both the Mad Hatter and Black Mask engage in battle, only for Batman to intervene and subdue them both.[28]
The Mad Hatter resurfaces, selling his mind control hats all over Gotham and holding casting calls at his missile launch facility base, all to recreate a “perfect day” he had years before at a theme park with his childhood sweetheart, Alice. He creates a replica of the theme park in his base and takes control of all the people he sold the hats to all to become the pedestrians in the park. He goes to Alice's house, where he finds to his dismay that she has become an alcoholic and a drug addict. He bludgeons her to death to “put her out of her misery”. He attempts to cast a new Alice with “mind controlled girls”, but ultimately kills them for falling short of his ideal. In frustration, he makes his mind control subjects walk into the sewer and drown themselves.[citation needed]
The Mad Hatter becomes obsessed with Bruce Wayne's new girlfriend, Natalya Trusevich, and has the Tweed Brothers kidnap her. She spurns the Mad Hatter's advances, but he realizes she knows Batman's secret identity and torture her for the information. In the end, she refuses to give the information, and he throws her out of a helicopter to her death. An enraged Batman hunts him down and nearly drowns him, only to revive him at the last minute when his conscience gets the better of him.[29]
DC Rebirth
In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Mad Hatter is among the villains.[30]
Characterization
Skills and abilities
While the Mad Hatter has no inherent superpowers, he is a brilliant 'neurotechnician' with considerable knowledge on how to dominate and control the human mind, either through hypnosis or direct technological means. Usually, the Hatter places his mind control devices in the brims of hats, but has been known to utilize other devices as well.[18] More recently, he has been able to directly influence the minds of others at a distance without any apparent equipment. However, this is most likely not a newly emerging superhuman ability; more likely, his skill at miniaturizing and concealing technology, and advances upon his original technology, have probably allowed him to develop technology that permits him to use a device hidden upon his person (such as in his hat) to project mind controlling powers in the manner of a meta-human ability such as telepathic powers.
The Mad Hatter is not above using his own inventions on himself, such as creating a hat that can cause him both extreme bliss, as well as return him to lucidity when he deems it necessary. Despite his small stature, the Mad Hatter has been known to exhibit surprising strength and agility from time to time. In the graphic novel Madness, the Mad Hatter is shown as impressively holding his own in a fistfight with Batman atop a moving train.
Appearance
The Mad Hatter has gone through many changes in his physical appearance over the years, but the basic look remains the same. In his debut, he was a very short brown (or auburn) haired man. When he reappeared in the early 1980s, he was depicted as of average height, with blonde hair. In later years, he was short again but with white hair. Today, Tetch has red hair much like his impostor did, but his size and height still seem to vary. Constants throughout his depictions are a slightly overlarge head and (more recently) very large teeth. In Secret Six #6 (December 2006), Tetch claims to suffer from macrocephaly.[31]
Reception
The character of the Mad Hatter has been analyzed as a stereotypical depiction of a villainous European in fiction.[32]
Other characters named Mad Hatter
After the real Jervis Tetch/Mad Hatter had been sent to Arkham Asylum following his debut, a very different Mad Hatter appeared, who claimed to be Jervis Tetch. This Mad Hatter first appeared in Detective Comics #230 (April 1956) by Bill Finger, and Sheldon Moldoff, and, unlike the original, was tall, red-headed, stocky and sported a gaudy mustache.[33] He was primarily a thief who was obsessed with completing his private collection of hats from all nations, cultures, and historical periods. He often constructed various weaponry concealed inside his hats like flamethrowers and buzzsaws.[33]
The headgear he wanted most was, of course, Batman's cowl. In numerous attempts, he tried to de-cowl Batman.[34][35] After many tries, he was successful by spraying the cowl with a radioactive substance. Batman then went to nuclear lab and as he was preparing to leave, he set off the radiation detectors. He then had to remove it and handed it to one of Mad Hatter's henchmen who was disguised as one of the lab workers. No sooner did the Mad Hatter put it in his collection than Batman and Robin arrived. They had traced the cowl with their "super sensitive Geiger counter" in the Batplane.
Later on, in Batman #297 (March 1978), the impostor Mad Hatter claimed to have gone straight, but that turned out to be a lie.[36] In 1981, it was revealed that he was in fact an impostor when the real Jervis Tetch returned. The real Hatter claimed to have killed his impostor, but the impostor Mad Hatter reappeared alive in 1987 in Detective Comics #573, where he ended up being beaten by Batman.[37] He was treated to a cameo appearance in Secret Origins (vol. 2) #44 (1989) where he is seen in his cell at Arkham making paper hats in the story "His Name is Clayface III". Upon seeing him, one Arkham guard tells another: "He could murder ya a thousand different ways if we let 'im have any real hat--! But that doesn't stop him from tryin'!"[38] The impostor Mad Hatter appeared in Batman #700 (2010) under the moniker the "Hatman", as well as in a flashback to his Mad Hatter days.[39]
Alternative versions
As one of Batman's most recognizable and popular opponents, the Mad Hatter appears in numerous comics that are not considered part of the regular DC continuity, including:
- In the computer chip, Tetch gave a rigged hat to the Arkham warden and secretly took control of Asylum. He then sent rigged hats to his business partners, forcing them to commit suicide. Realizing that he had a good thing going, Tetch used Arkham as his base of operations, robbing banks and experimenting his technology on inmates like the Joker, before he was eventually stopped by Batman and Harvey Dent.
- In the Elseworlds tale Batman: Crimson Mist- the third part of the trilogy that began with Batman & Dracula: Red Rain, which saw Batman become a vampire, the Mad Hatter makes a cameo during the vampire Batman's assault on Arkham Asylum, in which Batman kills and beheads him.[40]
- In the Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles crossover, the Mad Hatter is turned into a mutant rabbit by the Shredder, along with other mutated inmates of Arkham Asylum. After Shredder being defeated by Batman and the Turtles, the police scientists have managed to turn Jervis and the rest of inmates at Arkham back to normal and are currently in A.R.G.U.S. custody.[41]
- Jervis Tetch appears in the 2017 series Batman: White Knight. This version's technology is used by Jack Napier (who in this reality was a Joker who had been force fed an overdose of pills by Batman which temporarily cured him of his insanity) to control Clayface. Particles from Clayface's body were then slipped into the drinks of other Batman villains so that Napier could control them by way of Clayface's ability to control parts of his body that had been separated from him. He assists Neo Joker in stealing his technology back from Napier so she can control the villains, and he remains as her sidekick for the rest of the story.
- In Mother Panic: Gotham A.D., the Mad Hatter is depicted as having been killed by the Joker during his short-lived heroic stint.[42]
In other media
Television
Live-action
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in Batman (1966), portrayed by David Wayne. This version's appearance is based on the imposter Mad Hatter as the series was produced before he was revealed as such. Additionally, he wears a trick top hat containing mechanical eyes capable of firing hypnotic beams that render victims unconscious and is obsessed with stealing hats, particularly Batman's cowl.
- Ace Chemicals and brainwashed Jim Gordon and Leslie Thompkins as part of his plan to make Bruce Waynerelive his parents' death.
- An original incarnation of the Mad Hatter named Liam Crandle appears in the Batwing, and Alice. Crandle is later incarcerated while Tetch's hat is confiscated.
Animation
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in The Batman/Superman Hour episode "A Mad, Mad Tea Party", voiced by Ted Knight. This version has trained white rabbits, a hat-shaped car, and henchmen dressed as Wonderland characters.
- The Batman (1966) incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in the Young Justice: Outsiders episode "Triptych", voiced by Dwight Schultz.
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in the Harley Quinn episode "Another Sharkley Adventure", voiced by Griffin Newman. This version comes off as a creep and pervert to others due to his abnormal behavior, though he repeatedly denies these claims. Tetch kidnaps Harley Quinn and Batgirl and attempts to use them as test subjects for his mind-controlling hats, with which he plans to enslave Gotham's citizens, though the former manages to talk him into releasing her by claiming they are both villains. However, Harley quickly regrets abandoning Batgirl and returns to rescue her. After Batgirl comments that Harley is not as villainous as she believes herself to be, the latter beats Tetch to death with her baseball bat to prove her otherwise.
DC Animated Universe
The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in series set in the DC Animated Universe (DCAU), voiced by Roddy McDowall. This version is a blonde British man with a large overbite that gives him a Cheshire Cat-like smile.
- Introduced in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Mad as a Hatter", Tetch is initially a technical and electronics genius who experiments with animals using mind-controlling microchips stored within hats to stimulate brain waves. He falls in love with his secretary, Alice Pleasance, who does not reciprocate his feelings. Donning the guise of the Mad Hatter and using Alice in Wonderland as inspiration, he attempts to win Alice's affection by taking her out on the town after her boyfriend dumps her. However, she misinterprets the gesture as a way to cheer her up and unwittingly spurns his affections. Driven over the edge, Tetch uses his microchips to turn Alice into his robotic puppet until Batman defeats him. Episode writer Paul Dini once claimed that the episode was inspired by a true story involving a technical designer who had unrequited feelings for someone at work and committed a workplace shooting.[47] In the episode "Perchance to Dream", Tetch uses an electronic helmet to trap Batman in a virtual reality realm that gives him his greatest desires in an attempt to remove the Dark Knight from his life. Once he gets free however, Batman defeats Tetch and leaves him for the police. In the episode "The Worry Men", Tetch creates the eponymous dolls using his chips to hypnotize Gotham's elite into giving him large sums of money so he can acquire an island where he can live in peace. However, Batman stops him and gives Tetch his own "Worry Man" to stop him from committing more crimes. Tetch also makes minor appearances in the episodes "Trial" and "Make 'Em Laugh".
- Tetch returns in The New Batman Adventures. For this series, he was redesigned to resemble a short, thin, rodent-like man with a paler complexion and dark green outfit.
- Tetch appears in the Superman: The Animated Series episode "Knight Time". After discovering Bruce Wayne was hypnotized by nanites, Superman and Robin join forces to find Tetch, who they believe is the culprit. Upon capturing him however, they find that he is not responsible. Tetch examines the nanites and, based on their highly advanced technology, speculates that they are of extraterrestrial origin. The heroes later discover the nanites were created by Brainiac.
- While Tetch does not appear in Batman Beyond, when asked about his fate, the show's creator Paul Dini jokingly stated that he along with the Riddler reformed and founded a men's clothing store.[48]
Film
- The Mad Hatter was considered by Batman Unchained, with Rowan Atkinson and Robin Williams being considered for the role, but was dropped in favor of the Scarecrow and Harley Quinn.[49][50]
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in Heretic into the perfect soldier for the League. After Heretic captures Batman, Tetch reprograms his mind to follow Talia's orders and reveal his and his allies' secrets. Batman helps the League infiltrate the World Tech Summit and take over Wayne Enterprises' technologies, Tetch brainwashes all of the attending politicians and dignitaries into obeying Talia. However, he is killed by a system overload caused in the ensuing battle between Batman's allies and Talia's henchmen.
- The Mad Hatter makes a cameo appearance in Batman Unlimited: Mechs vs. Mutants, voiced by an uncredited Alastair Duncan.
- The Batman (1966) incarnation of the Mad Hatter makes a cameo appearance in Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders.
- The Batman (1966) incarnation of the Mad Hatter makes a cameo appearance in Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
- The Mad Hatter appears in Batman: The Long Halloween, voiced by John DiMaggio.[51]
Video games
- The Mad Hatter appears as a Alex DeLarge's. Additionally, he commands an army of robots based on characters from Alice in Wonderland.
- The Mad Hatter appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Aaron Mace.
- The Mad Hatter appears in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
Lego Batman
- The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears as a boss and unlockable character in Lego Batman: The Videogame, with vocal effects provided by Chris Edgerly. This version is one of the Joker's lieutenants and is armed with a small handgun.
- The Mad Hatter appears as an optional side boss and unlockable playable character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced by Townsend Coleman.
- The Mad Hatter appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Nolan North.
- The Batman: The Animated Series incarnation of Jervis Tetch / Mad Hatter appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains via the "Batman: The Animated Series Level Pack" DLC.[52]
Batman: Arkham
The Jervis Tetch incarnation of the Mad Hatter appears in the Batman: Arkham series, voiced by Peter MacNicol.[53]
- According to Batman: Arkham Asylum writer Paul Dini, the Mad Hatter was originally planned to appear in the game via a level where Batman discovers him in a child's hedge maze within the titular asylum's Botanical Gardens while Poison Ivy controls her plants to slow Batman down. However, the idea did not fit the game's tone and the Mad Hatter's appearance was dropped.[54]
- In Tetch's first physical appearance in Batman: Arkham City, it is revealed that Hugo Strange manipulated him into conducting inhumane behavior control experiments on Arkham Asylum patients in exchange for a consistent supply of tea and multiple "Alices" for Tetch to do with as he pleases. He is additionally an inmate of Strange's city-prison, Arkham City, where he has formed a small gang of mind-controlled henchmen.
- In the prequel Batman: Arkham Origins, a younger Tetch has yet to call himself the "Mad Hatter, struggles to perfect his mind control technology, and has his first encounter with Batman after challenging him to rescue his latest "Alice".
- As of the Batman: Arkham Knight DLC side mission "Wonderland", Tetch has taken to speaking in cryptic rhymes. He turns himself into the GCPD and demands to speak with Batman, challenging him to find and rescue three police officers he has taken hostage. Once Batman finds two of them, Tetch hypnotizes him into seeing a storybook-esque world in an attempt to make Batman kill the third officer and become his latest "Alice". However, Batman once again resists Tetch's mind control, escapes the hallucination, and incarcerates him.[55]
Miscellaneous
- The DC Animated Universe (DCAU) incarnation of Jervis Tetch / Mad Hatter appears in a series of tie-in comic books:
- In The Batman Adventures #17, he tries to force Alice Pleasance to marry him with a mind-control chip, but Robin forces the Dream Inducer onto Tetch's head, which inadvertently causes him to suffer a permanent mental break with reality. He is returned to Arkham Asylum while living a happy life with Alice in his mind.[56]
- In Justice League Unlimited #8, it was revealed that years of using his mind-controlling technology had rotted Tetch's mind and driven him mad.[57]
- An aged Tetch appears in Batman Beyond (vol. 2). After his mind was "burnt out" years prior during his final battle with Batman, Tetch was incarcerated in the mental institution wing of a Neo-Gotham hospital since Arkham Asylum had closed down.[58]
- As of the Justice League Beyond story arc "Flashdrive", Tetch had died, with his body being kept in a vault underneath Wayne Manor along with the rest of Batman's deceased rogues.[59]
- The Mad Hatter appears in the Injustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic book. Terrified of being removed from Arkham Asylum by the Justice League, he disappears with help from the Flash.[60] Years later, the Mad Hatter resurfaces to meet with Black Mask, Bronze Tiger, Man-Bat, Scarecrow, Tweedledum and Tweedledee before they are interrupted by Damian Wayne and defeated by a Deadman-possessed Bronze Tiger.[61]
- The Batman (1966 incarnation) of Mad Hatter would appear in tie-in comics alongside his brother Morris aka Clock King.[62]
See also
References
- ISBN 0-8264-1433-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4654-8578-6.
- ^ a b Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane and Lew Sayre Schwartz (p), Charles Paris (i). "The Scoop of the Century" Batman, no. 49 (1948). DC Comics.
- ISBN 0-02-538700-6. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ Ed Brubaker (w), Michael Lark (p), Stefano Gaudiano (i), Lee Loughridge (col), Clem Robins (let), Matt Idelson and Nachie Castro (ed). "Unresolved, Part Two" Gotham Central, no. 20 (August 2004). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Ed Brubaker (w), Michael Lark (p), Stefano Gaudiano (i). "Unresolved" Gotham Central, no. 20 (August 2004). New York City: DC Comics.
- Rich Burchett (p), John Lowe (i). "Mimsy Were the Borogroves" Detective Comics, no. 787 (December 2003). DC Comics.
- ^ Grant Morrison (w), Dave McKean (a). Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth (1989). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ a b Jeph Loeb (w), Tim Sale (a). Batman: Haunted Knight (1995). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Gail Simone (w), Brad Walker (p), Jimmy Palmiotti (i). "Six Degrees of Devastation" Secret Six, no. 6 (January 2007). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ a b Ed Brubaker (w). "Unresolved" Gotham Central, no. 19-22 (July–October 2004). New York City: DC Comics.
- ISBN 9780345501066.
- ^ Gerry Conway (w). "Head Hunt by a Mad Hatter" Detective Comics (January 1981). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Gerry Conway (w). "All My Enemies Against Me" Detective Comics (January 1981). New York City: DC Comics.
- ISBN 0-8160-1356-X.
- Black Orchid, no. 2 (September 1991). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Grant Morrison (w), Chaz Truog (p), Mark McKenna (i), Tatjana Wood (col), John Costanza (let), Karen Berger and Art Young (ed). "Fox on the Run" Animal Man, no. 10 (April 1989). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ a b Javier Pulido, Chuck Dixon and Scott Beatty (w), Robert Campanella (i), Lee Loughridge (col), Sean Konot (let), Dennis O'Neill (ed). "Year One" Robin: Year One, no. 1 (October 2000). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Greg Rucka (w), Shawn Martinbrough (p). "Unknowing" Detective Comics, no. 758-760 (July 2001). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ James Robinson (w), Leonard Kirk (p), John Kalisz (col), Travis Lanham (let), Michael Siglain and Peter Tomasi (ed). "Face the Face, Part Three" Detective Comics, no. 818 (June 2006). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Detective Comics #841. DC Comics.
- Tony S. Daniel (w), Tony S. Daniel (p), Sandu Florea and Norm Rapmund (i), Ian Hannin (col), Jared K. Fletcher (let), Mike Marts (ed). "Life After Death, Part 4: Smoke and Mirrors" Batman, no. 695 (January 2010). New York City: DC Comics.
- .
- ^ Eric Wallace (w), Fabrizio Fiorentino and Cliff Richards (p), Hi-Fi Design (col), Travis Lanham (let), Sean Ryan and Brian Cunningham (ed). "Family Reunions, Part One" Titans, no. 28 (December 2010). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Paul Jenkins and Joe Harris (w), David Finch (p), Richard Friend (i), Jeromy Cox (col), Sal Cipriano (let), Mike Marts and Rickey Purdin (ed). "Run Rabbit Run" Batman: The Dark Knight, no. 3 (April 2012). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Batman: The Dark Knight #4
- ^ Batman: The Dark Knight (vol. 2) #6
- Tony S. Daniel (w), Romano Molenaar and Pere Pérez (p), Sandu Flores and Pere Pérez (i), Andrew Dalhouse (col), David Sharpe (let), Mike Marts, Harvey Richards and Katie Kubert (ed). Detective Comics, no. Annual 2 (October 2012). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Batman: The Dark Knight (vol. 2) #15-21
- ^ Doomsday Clock #6 (July 2018). DC Comics.
- ^ Secret Six #6 (December 2006)
- ^ Georg Drennig, "Otherness and the European as Villain and Antihero in American Comics," in Comics as a Nexus of Cultures, eds. Mark Berninger, Jochen Ecke, and Gideon Haberkorn (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2010) 129-131.
- ^ a b Detective Comics #230
- ^ Batman #201
- ^ Batman #292
- ^ Batman #297
- ^ Detective Comics #573
- ^ Secret Origins (vol. 2) #44
- ^ Batman #700
- Batman: Crimson Mist (February 1999). New York City: DC Comics.
- ^ Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #6. DC Comics/IDW
- ^ Mother Panic: Gotham A.D. #2
- ^ Burlingame, Russ (April 5, 2015). "Gotham To Introduce Clayface, Mr. Freeze and Mad Hatter in Season Two". Comic Book.com.
- ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 18, 2016). "Walking Dead Alum Joins Gotham Season 3 as Mad Hatter". TV Line.
- ^ Schaefer, Sandy (June 28, 2021). "Batwoman Will Debut Classic Batman Villains in Season 3 Along With New Versions". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
- ^ Hatchett, Keisha (20 September 2021). "Batwoman Season 3: The Mad Hatter Has Entered the Chat in New Trailer". TVLine. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ "Batman: The Animated Series writer Paul Dini". Animationarena.com. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
- ^ ToyFare issue, 1999
- ^ "Remember when Courtney Love nearly played Harley Quinn in the sequel to Batman & Robin?". Flickeringmyth.com. 2016-08-05. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
- ^ "Batman Unchained/Triumphant the Cancelled Sequel | Comics Amino".
- ^ "Batman: The Long Halloween Part Two - Exclusive Trailer Debut". IGN. May 18, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
- ^ Newton, Andrew (31 August 2018). "LEGO DC Super-Villains Season Pass details revealed". Flickering Myth.
- ^ "Twitter / ericholmeslive: @johnboy34661029 Yes it is!". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ^ Schramm, Mike (July 26, 2011). "Rocksteady and Paul Dini on the storytelling in Batman: Arkham City". Joystiq. AOL. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Batman: Arkham Knight - Wonderland Victim Locations and Guide". Shack News. November 3, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ The Batman Adventures #17
- ^ Justice League Unlimited #8
- ^ Batman Beyond #2
- ^ Justice League Beyond: "Flashdrive"
- ^ Injustice: Gods Among Us #15
- ^ Injustice: Gods Among Us: Year Five #14
- ^ Batman '66 #4