Madagascar–Turkey relations

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Madagascar-Turkey relations
Map indicating locations of Madagascar and Turkey

Madagascar

Turkey

Madagascar–Turkey relations are the foreign

relations between Madagascar and Turkey
. Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo since April 21, 2010. Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[1] Madagascar also has an honorary consulate in Istanbul.[1]

Diplomatic relations

Madagascar–Turkey relations were generally warm, except for the 1970s.[2]

In 1972, Madagascar’s foreign policy shifted[3] dramatically[4] after the downfall of the Tsiranana regime. President Ramanantsoa, revoking what he called the slavery agreements with the French, nationalized[4] all French financial and insurance firms without compensation in June 1975. He further strengthened ties with the Soviet Union (in 1972) and North Korea, which contributed to a dramatic cooling of Malagasy–Turkey relations.

The relations worsened when the Ramanantsoa regime suspended diplomatic relations with Israel,[2] then Turkey’s closest ally in the Middle East and hosted[2] an international conference on the North Korean ideology of Juche in Antananarivo in 1976.

Relations improved in the 1980s[4] when Madagascar aligned[5] more closely with the West, especially after Madagascar dismantled[5] the Soviet stations along Madagascar’s west coast along the Mozambique Channel.

Economic relations

  • Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 71.3/5.2 million USD).[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Madagascar". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  2. ^ a b c Murphy, Dervla. Muddling Through in Madagascar. New York: Overlook Press, 1990.
  3. ^ Jolly, Alison. Madagascar. Tarrytown, New York: Pergamon Press, 1984.
  4. ^ a b c Rabenoro, Cesaire. Les relations exterieures de Madagascar: De 1960 a 1992. Paris: Harmattan, 1996.
  5. ^ a b Pryor, Frederic L. Malawi and Madagascar. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Further reading

  • "L'attitude des églises malgaches face a la situation politique," Revue française d'etudes politiques africaines [Dakar, Senegal], 72, December 1971, pp. 85-89.
  • Althabe, Gerard. "Les manifestations paysannes d'avril 1971," Revue française d'etudes politiques africaines [Dakar, Senegal], 78, June 1972, pp. 70-77.
  • Andriamirado, Sennen. Madagascar aujourd'hui. Paris: Editions J.A., 1978.
  • Andriamparany, L.M., "Setting Up a Bibliographic Data-Base from National Inventory of Scientific and Technical Literature—The Cidst Experience in Madagascar," International Library Review, 23, No. 4, 1991, pp. 345-56.
  • Anizon, A. Production de I'habitat a Antananarivo. Paris: Harmattan, 1988.
  • Archer, Robert. Madagascar depuis 1972: La marche d'une revolution. Paris: Harmattan, 1976.
  • Attenborough, David, journeys to the Past: Travels in New Guinea, Madagascar, and the Northern Territory ofAustralia. Guildford, United Kingdom: Lutterworth Press, 1981.
  • Bare, J. F. Pouvoir des vivants, langage des morts: Ideologiques Sakalava. Paris: Francois Maspero, 1977.
  • Bavoux, Claude, and Claudine Bavoux. "Le cout social des dernieres politiques linguistiques," Politique africaine: Madagascar [Paris], 52, December 1993, pp. 76-88.
  • Brown, Mervyn. Madagascar Rediscovered: A History from Early Times to Independence. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1979.
  • Chaigneau, Pascal. Rivalités politiques et socialisme a Madagascar. Paris: CHEAM, 1985.Covell, Maureen. Madagascar: Politics, Economics, and Society. New York: Frances Pinter, 1987.
  • Deleris, Ferdinand. Ratsiraka: Socialisme et misère à Madagascar. Paris: Harmattan, 1986.
  • Deschamps, Hubert. Histoire de Madagascar. (4th ed.) Paris: Editions Berger-Levraut, 1972.
  • Durufle, Gilles. L'ajustement structurel en Afrique: Senegal, Cote d’ivoire, Madagascar. Paris: Karthala, 1988.
  • Ellis, Stephen D.K. Un complot colonial a Madagascar: L'affaire Rainandriamampandry. Paris: Karthala, 1990.
  • Jolly, Alison. Madagascar. Tarrytown, New York: Pergamon Press, 1984.
  • Kottak, Conrad P. Madagascar: Society and History. Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2016.
  • Murphy, Dervla. Muddling Through in Madagascar. New York: Overlook Press, 1990.Pryor, Frederic L. Malawi and Madagascar. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.Rabenoro, Cesaire. Les relations exterieures de Madagascar: De 1960 a 1992. Paris: Harmattan, 1996.