Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet

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Madame de Rambouillet
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Catherine de Vivonne
marquise de Rambouillet
(anonymous, 17th century)
Born1588
Rome
Died2 December 1665
Spouse(s)Marquis de Rambouillet
FatherJean de Vivonne
MotherGiulia Savelli

Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet (1588 – 2 December 1665), known as Madame de Rambouillet, was a society hostess and a major figure in the literary history of 17th-century France.

Life

Born in Rome, she was the daughter and heiress of Jean de Vivonne, marquis of Pisani, and Giulia Savelli, who belonged to a noble Roman family. She was married at the age of twelve to

Palais Royal
.

Madame de Rambouillet arranged the former Hôtel Pisani for the purpose of receiving her guests, and devised suites of small rooms where guests could move around and find more privacy than in the large reception rooms. She received her visitors in the chambre bleue, a salon painted in blue and with blue heavy brocade wall hangings.

Fronde and the death of Vincent Voiture, l'âme du rond ("the soul of the circle"), and was accelerated in 1652, at the death of the marquis de Rambouillet. Almost all major personages of the French aristocracy and literature of the time frequented it, and its reputation was at its height in the second quarter of the century. Occasionally, in spring and summer, the marquis and marquise de Rambouillet would entertain the habitués of their Parisian residence in the château de Rambouillet and its park.[5][6]

Her success as a literary hostess (the term salonnière did not appear before the 19th century) has many explanations. Her natural abilities had been carefully trained. The marquise had a genuine kindness and a lack of prejudice that enabled her to entertain princes and princesses of the blood royal and literary men with the same grace, whilst among her intimate friends was the actress Angélique Paulet. The respect paid to ability in the salon effected a great advancement in the position of French men of letters. Moreover, the almost uniform excellence of the memoirs and letters of 17th century French men and women may be traced largely to the development of conversation as a fine art at the Hôtel de Rambouillet, and the consequent establishment of a standard of clear and adequate expression. Mme de Rambouillet was known as the "incomparable Arthénice", the name being an anagram for "Catherine", devised by François de Malherbe and Racan.

Among the more noteworthy episodes in the history of the Hôtel de Rambouillet are the literary quarrel between the Uranistes and the Jobelins - respective partisans of two famous

Charles de Sainte Maure, who had been wooing her for ten years when he conceived the idea of the handsome manuscript, but whom she kept waiting four more years. Julie herself, the Hôtel de Rambouillet Princesse Julie, was responsible for a good deal of the preciosity for which the Précieuses were later ridiculed by Molière
.

The Précieuses, who are usually associated with Molière's avowed caricatures and with the extravagances of

Luís de Góngora y Argote
, then fashionable throughout Europe.

Molière's immortal Précieuses ridicules was no doubt directly levelled not at the Hôtel de Rambouillet itself, but at the numerous coteries which in the course of years had sprung up in imitation of it. The satire affected the originators as well as the imitators, the former more closely perhaps than they perceived. The Hôtel de Rambouillet remained in existence until the death of its hostess, although the troubles of the

Fronde
diminished its influence.

The chief original authorities respecting Madame de Rambouillet and her set are Tallemant des Réaux in his Historiettes, and Antoine Baudeau de Somaize in his Grand Dictionnaire des Précieuses (1660).

1705 Map of Paris by N. de Fer, showing the rue Saint-Thomas du Louvre between the Louvre and the Tuileries.

Among the habitués of Madame de Rambouillet's chambre bleue were:

In homage to the Marquise de Rambouillet, the city of Rambouillet has named its Junior High School Collège Catherine de Vivonne.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ G. Lenotre, Le Château de Rambouillet, six siècles d'histoire, chapter: Les Précieuses, Denoël, Paris, 1984, p. 19.
  2. ^ Map of Paris by N. de Fer, dated 1705, on which the rue Saint-Thomas du Louvre, which disappeared in the mid-19th century, can be seen between the Louvre and the Tuileries: fr:Fichier:Plan de Paris 1705 BNF07710700.png
  3. ^ Tallemant des Réaux Historiettes, chapter Madame de Rambouillet, "Mémoires" reviewed by MM. Monmerqué & Paulin, (3rd edition), published by J. Techener, Libraire, Paris, 1862, tome 2, p. 262.[1]
  4. ^ Inventaires de l'hôtel de Rambouillet à Paris en 1652, 1666 et 1671, du château de Rambouillet en 1666 et des châteaux d'Angoulême et de Montauriser en 1671, publiés par Charles Sauzé, Magistrat, pour la Société archéologique de Rambouillet, avec une Préface de F. Lorin, Secrétaire de cette Société, N° XX de ses Publications, Tours, Imprimerie Deslis Frères, 6 rue Gambetta, 1894, p. 39
  5. ^ Tallemant des Réaux, p. 265
  6. ^ G. Lenotre, pp. 24-25.
  7. ^ "Collège Catherine de Vivonne, RAMBOUILLET - Inspection de l'Education nationale de RAMBOUILLET".
Attribution