Madman Muntz
Madman Muntz | |
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Electrical engineer |
Earl William "Madman" Muntz (January 3, 1914 – June 21, 1987)
He invented the practice that came to be known as
After his success as a used car salesman and with Kaiser-Frazer dealerships in Los Angeles and New York City,[1][7] Muntz founded the Muntz Car Company, which made the "Muntz Jet", a sports car with jet-like contours. The car was manufactured between 1951 and 1953, although fewer than 400 were produced.
Muntz married seven times.
Early career: 1922–1953
Muntz was fascinated by electronics from an early age. He built his first radio at age 8 and built another for his parents' car at age 14.[5] During the Great Depression, at age 15, he dropped out of Elgin High School to work in his parents' hardware store in Elgin, Illinois.[5]
Car sales
In 1934, Muntz opened his first used car lot, in Elgin, with a $500 ($11,000 in 2022) line of credit.
Muntz rejected the then-common opinion that used car salesmen should project a staid image.[1] He realized the possibilities of generating publicity with odd stunts, and developed a "Madman" persona as a result.[10] His flamboyant billboards and oddball television and radio commercials soon made him famous. In his used auto commercials, he marketed one model as the "daily special"; Muntz claimed that if the car did not sell that day, he would smash it to pieces on camera with a sledgehammer.[11] Another notorious Muntz used-car TV pitch was "I buy 'em retail and sell 'em wholesale ... it's more fun that way!"[4] His commercials generated so much publicity that comedians such as Bob Hope, Jack Benny, and Steve Allen often tried to outdo each other during television appearances by telling "Madman" Muntz jokes.[1] University of Southern California fans would spell out Muntz's name during halftime as a prank.[10]
During the war, the Office of Price Administration sought to suspend Muntz' license to sell automobiles subject to price control. On August 1, 1945, Muntz was acquitted of an O.P.A. charge of violating used car regulations by Superior Judge Reuben H. Schmidt in Los Angeles.[12]
Muntz's car lots became tourist attractions due to the widespread publicity from his television commercial appearances. A 1946 survey by Panner Motor Tours revealed that they ranked seventh among tourist attractions in Southern California.[1] Muntz was willing to take large risks in his attempts to generate publicity. During the era of McCarthyism, he asked one of his advisers, "Do you think I'd make the front pages if I joined the Communist Party?"[13]
Muntz Jet
In 1948, race car designer and
The Jet was featured on the cover of the September 1951 issue of
The Jet was capable of a top speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) and acceleration of 0–50 mph (0–80 km/h) in 6 seconds, a significant achievement for a road car at the time.
The labor and materials required to produce the Jet resulted in a high price for the end product and, in 1954, after selling about 400 cars and losing about $1,000 ($11,000 in 2022) on each, Muntz closed the company.[16] Today, Muntz Jets are prized collector cars and are recognized as predecessors to the Chevrolet Corvette and Ford Thunderbird.[18]
Muntz TV
Muntz started plans to sell television receivers in 1946,
In the 1940s and 1950s, most brands of television receivers were complicated pieces of equipment, commonly containing about 30
Muntz developed a television chassis that produced an acceptable monochrome picture with 17 tubes. He often carried a pair of wire clippers, and when he thought that one of his employees was "overengineering" a circuit, he would begin snipping components out until the picture or sound stopped working. At that point, he would tell the engineer "Well, I guess you have to put that last part back in" and walk away.[11]
Marketed under the name "Muntz" by his company Muntz TV, Inc.,[10] the simplified units were the first black and white TV receivers to retail in the U.S. for less than $100.[5] Muntz was also the first retailer to measure his screens from corner to corner rather than by width.[22] The receivers sold well and were reliable partly because fewer tubes created less heat. The sets worked well in metropolitan areas that were close to television transmission towers where signals were strong. They worked poorly with weaker signals, as most of the components that Muntz had removed were intended to boost performance in fringe areas. This was a calculated decision: Muntz preferred to leave the low-volume, high-performance television receiver market to firms such as RCA and Zenith Electronics, as his intended customers were primarily urban dwellers with limited funds.[11] Additionally, many urban apartment buildings had rules prohibiting external television antennas, and installation of an antenna, even if allowed, cost as much as $150. Muntz solved this problem by adding a built-in antenna to his receivers.[25] In 1952, Muntz TV Inc. grossed $49.9 million ($550 million in 2022).[10]
Muntz continued with his "Madman" persona in many of his advertisements. In one TV commercial that normally aired after The Ed Sullivan Show,[11] Muntz, dressed in red long johns and a Napoleon hat, promoted his new 14-inch (36 cm) televisions by saying, "I wanna give 'em away, but Mrs. Muntz won't let me. She's crazy!"[11] Another TV commercial presented a marching-band song with lyrics about Muntz TVs and incorporated animations by Oskar Fischinger. His radio commercials, which Muntz ran up to 170 times a day, initially followed a classical music theme built around the spelling of Muntz's name.[1] However, he soon convinced radio stations to run ads more in line with his persona. In one spot, Muntz screamed "Stop staring at your radio!"[26] He followed up his radio ads with a direct mail campaign, collecting thousands of TV knobs and mailing them to prospective customers with a note saying, "Call us and we'll show up with the rest of the set!"[26]
Some sources credit Muntz with inventing the abbreviation "TV".[4][5][27] Muntz used skywriting as one of his marketing tactics, but, after watching one of his ads being created, he noted that the letters began to blur and dissipate before the pilot could finish spelling out "Muntz Televisions". So Muntz came up with the abbreviation "TV".[5] However, "TV" had earlier been used in the call letters of television stations, such as WCBS-TV, which adopted those call letters in 1946.[28] Muntz also named his daughter "Tee Vee", although she normally went by "Teena" and, later, "Tee".[8]
Audio and video: 1954–1985
Despite his early success, sales later declined and Muntz's creditors refused to provide further financing in 1954.[29] Muntz admitted his business lost $1,457,000 from April to August 1953,[29] and although he tried to reorganize, Muntz TV filed bankruptcy and went out of business in 1959.[30] (The company would be reorganized and last through the 1960s, but without its namesake at the helm.) However, Muntz's success continued in the sales of cars and general consumer electronics.[citation needed]
4-track cartridge
Attempting to combine his two main product lines, cars and stereos, Muntz invented the Muntz Stereo-Pak
Muntz designed a stereo tape player called the Autostereo for cars and had it inexpensively manufactured in Japan.[30] The Autostereo could play a complete album without changing tracks or turning the tape over, did not suffer from skipping or premature wear as the phonograph-based players did, and its number of knobs and controls were minimized to allow the driver to concentrate on the road.[30] The tape player gave customers greater control over their listening experiences, because the tapes never ran advertisements or public service announcements, unlike radio broadcasts.[30] Muntz sold the players and cartridges from his own stores and through franchises in Florida and Texas.[30]
Muntz audio products were so profitable by 1962 that he cancelled his agreements with tape-duplicating companies and founded his own company to manufacture prerecorded Stereo-Pak cartridges.[2][30] Most record companies did not manufacture Stereo-Pak cartridges themselves; however, the Muntz Electronics Corporation licensed music from all the major record labels and issued hundreds of different tapes in the mid to late 1960s. Muntz exhibited his Autostereo players and Stereo-Pak cartridges under the trade name Stereo-Pak at the 1967 Consumer Electronics Show.[33]
The Autostereo player, which retailed from $129 in 1963 ($1,230 in 2022) was a popular
Muntz attempted to establish a modern, trendy image for his players and cartridges. His print advertisements often showed the player installed in an appealing sports car and usually incorporated a young, attractive model with a suggestive tagline. Most of his employees in his California shops were attractive young women dressed in overbright clothing.[35]
Bill Lear distributed the Stereo-Pak in 1963, intending to install units in his Learjet aircraft. However, he soon decided to re-engineer and customize the units to suit his own wishes, the result of which became the Stereo 8 system.[30] The market for Muntz's 4-track system had faded by 1970 due to competition from Stereo 8, which reduced costs by using less magnetic tape and a less-complex cartridge mechanism. Although the 4-track system had wider heads resulting in better bandwidth, the Stereo 8 quickly became the dominant format for car stereo systems during the late 1960s. Ford Motor Company began featuring Stereo 8 players in their 1965 automobiles, and it became a standard option by 1966.[36]
In a 1979 interview in The Videophile, Muntz revealed the biggest problem for the Stereo-Pak business was returned merchandise.[37] He explained that when reproducing the work of major artists like The Beatles, the Stereo-Pak plant had to make hundreds of thousands of cartridges. But once a popular album became less popular, retailers would return the unsold cartridges, expecting credit towards new titles. Muntz was unprepared for the returns and said the huge cost of unsold merchandise eventually made his Stereo-Pak business unprofitable.[37]
Home video
In late 1970, Muntz closed his Stereo-Pak audio business after a fire severely damaged his main offices. He then entered the growing home-video market. During the mid-1970s, Muntz thought of taking a 15-inch (38 cm)
The receivers were built in Muntz's headquarters in Van Nuys, California. Sony's U.S. sales division was unaware that Muntz was dealing directly with Sony's Tokyo original equipment manufacturer (OEM) department, which shipped him the TV chassis directly.[3] Thanks to Muntz's talent for mass-market advertising and self-promotion, by 1977 the projection receivers were a multimillion-dollar business.[3] Muntz was quick to feature Sony's Betamax as well as JVC's and RCA's VHS recorders in his store, setting up a showroom to demonstrate the potential for a "theater experience in the home".[3]
In 1979, Muntz decided to sell blank tapes and VCRs as
Later years
Shortly before dying of lung cancer in 1987, Muntz centered his retail business on cellular phones,
After he died, his children, James and Tee, continued to operate two Muntz stores in
Legacy
The "Madman" method pioneered by Muntz was later copied by other retailers, including California car salesman
Muntz's cultural impact was such that he was mentioned in novels, including
A production called Madman Muntz: American Maverick was screened at film festivals through 2007.[8] Directed by Dan Bunker and Judy ver Mehr, it was produced by Jim Castoro, an owner of an original Muntz Jet. The film was an official 2005 selection at the San Fernando Valley International Film Festival and the Ole Muddy Film Festival.[8] The film documents Muntz's life, paying particular attention to his colorful career, and includes interviews with people who knew him and home movie footage contributed by his children.[8]
The KCET 1997 documentary More Things That Aren't Here Anymore has a segment on Muntz and is broadcast by the station regularly during pledge periods.[citation needed]
In 2001, Madman Muntz was posthumously inducted into the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame.[48]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Earl Muntz is dead; as radio 'Madman,' he sold used cars". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 21, 1987. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ a b Thompson, Dave (April 11, 2008). "Whatever happened to 8-track's 'four'runner?". Goldmine.
- ^ ISSN 0040-165X.
- ^ a b c Erskine, Chris (June 21, 2006). "And the pitch is ... wild". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Zaloudek, Mark (March 13, 2005). "Madcap millionaire Muntz". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Walker, Janelle (February 7, 2005). "First 'crazy' car dealer focus of movie". Sun-Times News Group, (Illinois Courier News).
- ^ "Muntz Car Co. to handle Graham-Paige products". The New York Times. October 10, 1946. p. 41.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Turnquist, Jerry (July 17, 2005). "A one-in-a-million 'Madman' movie spotlights Elgin's Earl Muntz, quintessential entrepreneur". Daily Herald.
- ^ "Mad Man Muntz weds model agency director". Los Angeles Times. January 29, 1956. p. 35.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Dig that crazy man". Time. July 13, 1953. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pease, Bob (July 23, 1992). "What's All This Muntzing Stuff, Anyhow?". Electronic Design.
- ^ staff (August 2, 1945). "'Mad Man' Muntz Foils O.P.A. Charge". The San Bernardino Daily Sun. p. 2.
- ^ Rosenblatt, Robert (January 4, 1976). "'Madman' Muntz, the master of hard sell, is still at it". The Washington Post.
- OCLC 7670426.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7603-2414-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-57145-990-9.
- ^ "Cover". Popular Science. September 1951.
- ^ a b c d Scanlan, Dan (December 2, 2005). "Purple passion: '52 Muntz Jet a simply cool classic". Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on August 24, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ Vance, Bill (June 30, 2006). "Motoring memories: Pegaso, 1951–1958". Canadian Driver. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ISBN 978-0-8133-3703-6.
- ^ Jedlicka, Dan (June 18, 2007). "The Muntz Jet: A life too short". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-313-31299-1.
- ISBN 0-89950-284-9.
- ^ ISBN 0-7864-1220-8.
- ^ "On the beam". Time. August 1, 1949. Archived from the original on August 26, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ a b O'Shaughnessy, Lynn (June 21, 1987). "Earl Muntz, 'Madman' of zany ads, dies". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Wright, Richard (April 5, 2005). "Sarasota museum instills a passion for cars in its visitors". Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
- New York Times, August 31, 1946) (accessed August 27, 2008).
- ^ a b "Time clock". Time. March 15, 1954. Archived from the original on August 26, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-313-33090-2.
- ^ Klein, Howard (May 28, 1967). "Highway stereo: Sprechen vous Italiano, Senor?". The New York Times.
- ISBN 0-8415-0046-0.
- ^ Consumer Electronics Association (2007). "40 years of CES" (PDF). Consumer Electronics Show 2007 Brochure. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 29, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ^ a b "A tape for the road". Time. August 9, 1963. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ISBN 978-0-19-504311-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7803-4709-0.
- ^ a b "Earl Muntz interview". The Videophile. 1979.
- ^ Rosenblatt, Robert (October 26, 1975). "'Madman' Muntz rides again". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Dan, Fisher (July 18, 1971). "Recycled Madman Muntz rides again". Los Angeles Times.
- ISBN 978-0-7382-0688-2.
- ^ Bates, James (September 13, 1988). "Philosophy's same, but pitch for car phones in some ways 'more sedate' Madman Muntz's heirs keep the volume up". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Lindsey, Robert (October 16, 1977). "For that big model, try a used car". The New York Times.
- ^ Elliott, Stuart (January 8, 2006). "Fake products and the movies that loved them". The New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ a b Ramirez, Anthony (August 18, 1995). "The media business: advertising; the man folks thought was Crazy Eddie is back. He seems saner". The New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2008.
- ISBN 978-0-618-59444-3.
- ISBN 978-1-4165-1706-1.
- ISBN 978-0-914590-65-1.
- ^ Rasmussen, Cecilia (December 16, 2007). "An L.A. legend you've never seen or heard". Los Angeles Times.
External links
- Earl Muntz Biography, a short biography from the Consumer Electronics Association website
- Madman Muntz: American Maverick, a biography from the website of a biopic about him
- History of the Muntz Jet
- Earl Muntz, the 4-Track Madman, from a website maintained by fans of 8-track tapes (archive.org)
- Madman Muntz Story, a biography at FreeEnterpriseLand.com (archive.org)