Mughal empire. Following the discontinuation of its original function as a madrasa, it successively housed colonial-era educational institutions, such as Delhi College and the Anglo-Arabic school. Today, the Zakir Husain Delhi College operates in its premises, making the madrasa the oldest continuing educational centre in the city of Delhi.[1]
The structure is one of the few surviving historical madrasas in India, and one of even fewer madrasas dating back to the Mughal period.
Little is known of the functioning of the madrasa. It was one of three major madrasas operating during the reign of Aurangzeb's successor, emperor Bahadur Shah, and was funded privately. The madrasa was closed in the 1790s for lack of funds, but was reopened in 1792, financially supported by wealthy Muslims of Delhi.[4]
The courtyard of Ghazi al-Din Khan's Madrassah at Delhi. Watercolour by Sitaram, circa 1814-1815
In 1803, the British
Indian Mutiny of 1857, British police occupied the premises until 1889, after which the Anglo-Arabic school began operating in the building.[4][2]
The complex of Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan is one of the few extant Mughal madrasas (others are the
Shah Jahani architecture (architecture of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's reign), while the stylistic elements are characteristic of later Mughal architecture.[2] Scholar Catherine Asher argues that the location of the structure beyond the walls of Shahjahanabad, and the lack of earlier Mughal structures in the area, suggests that this area was undeveloped at the time of construction.[1]
According to Koch, much of the madrasa has preserved its original design. The complex is a rectangular, symmetrical courtyard building (measuring 69.49x96.20m) of three wings; it consists of a main entrance portal, a mosque at the western side (acting as the fourth wing), and an enclosure containing the tomb of Ghaziuddin on the southern side. Each wing, and the mosque itself, is punctuated by an iwan. The three wings are two-storeyed, and are filled with domed hujras (cells). The eastern wing (entrance side) is twice as long as the north and south wings, and features the main entrance portal. The wings are faced with plaster.[2]
An enclosure at the southern side houses the tomb of Ghaziuddin Khan, who was buried in the complex following his death in 1710. The structure is a double enclosure of jali screens, with the outer one made of sandstone and the inner one made of marble. Its form is similar to those of tombs used for the burial of Mughal royals during this time period.[2][1]