Maguindanao language

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Maguindanaon
Basa Magindanawn
باس مڬندنون‎
Native to
North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Occidental
EthnicityMaguindanaon
Native speakers
2,021,099 - 3,219,000 (2020)[1]
Dialects
  • Tau sa Ilud
  • Tau sa Laya
  • Biwangen
Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3mdh
Glottologmagu1243
  Areas where Maguindanaon is the majority language
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Maguindanaon (basa Magindanawn,

North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, as well as Metro Manila
.

History

The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of the Sultanate of Maguindanao, which lasted until near the end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century.

The earliest works on the language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of the

Society of Jesus who worked in the Philippines in the second half of the 19th century.[2][3] Aside from a number of Christian religious works in the language,[5] Juanmartí also published a Maguindanao–Spanish/Spanish–Maguindanao dictionary and reference grammar in 1892.[6] Shortly after sovereignty over the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States in 1898 as a result of the Spanish–American War, the American administration began publishing a number of works on the language in English, such as a brief primer and vocabulary in 1903,[7] and a translation of Juanmartí's reference grammar into English in 1906.[8]

A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors.

Maguindanao language in Arabic script on Maguindanao royal seal from the 18th century

Distribution

Maguindanaon has 3 major dialects: Taw sa ilud, Taw sa laya, and Biwangen.

Maguindanaon dialects are:

Phonology

Vowels

Maguindanaon vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ ~ ə u
Mid (e) (o)
Open a

The vowels [e] and [o] only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay.

Consonants

Maguindanaon consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive
 voiceless p
t
 		k
voiced b
d
 		(dʒ) ɡ
Fricative
 s (z) h
Nasal m
n
 		ŋ
Tap
 ɾ
Lateral
l
Approximant
 w j

The phonemes /z/ and /dʒ/ only appear in loanwords. The sound [dʒ] also appears an allophonic realization for the sequences /d + s/ (e.g. [dʒaɭumˈani ka] /(ə)dsalumani ka/ 'repeat that!') and /d + i/ (only before another vowel before vowel, e.g. [ˈmidʒas] /midias/ 'stockings'); the sound [z] also appears as an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. /ɾ/ can also be trilled [

r]. Intervocalic /d/ is realized as [ɾ].[9][10]

/ɾ/ and /l/ are interchangeable in words which include a written l, and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon. /l/ may also be heard as a retroflex [ɭ] in intervocalic positions.[9] The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flapped r over l, while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favors l.

Grammar

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

As in the Maranao language, Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.

Maguindanaon free and bound pronouns[11]
Nominative
(free) 		Nominative
(bound) 		Genitive/Ergative
(bound) 		Oblique
(free)
I saki aku ku laki
you (singular) seka ka 'engka ~ nengka leka
he/she/it sekanin sekanin nin lekanin
we (dual) sekita ta ta lekita
we (including you) sekitanu tanu tanu lekitanu
we (excluding you) sekami kami nami lekami
you (plural) sekanu kanu nu lekanu
they silan silan nilan kanilan

Numbers

Maguindanaon numerals:

Maguindanaon
1 isa/sa
2 dua
3 telu
4 pat
5 lima
6 nem
7 pitu
8 walu
9 siaw
10 sapulu
20 dua pulu
30 telu pulu
40 pat pulu
50 lima pulu
60 nem pulu
70 pitu pulu
80 walu pulu
90 siaw pulu
100 magatus
1,000 sangibu

Colors

English Maguindanaon
black maitem
white maputi
red maliga
orange kulit
yellow binaning
green gadung
blue bilu
purple lambayung
pink kasumba
gray kaumbi
brown sikulati

Phrases

English Maguindanaon English Maguindanaon
How are you? Ngin i betad engka? Good morning Mapia mapita
Good noon Mapia maudtu Good afternoon Mapia malulem
Good day Mapia gay Good evening Mapia magabi
I will go now Lemu aku den Until next time Sampay sa tundug a kutika
You're so diligent Sangat i katulanged nengka / Matulanged ka a benal You're so kind Sangat i kalimu nengka / Malimu ka a benal
You're so beautiful Sangat i kanisan nengka / Manisan ka a benal Thanks! Sukran!
Thank you! Sukran sa leka! Thank you very much! Sukran a benal!
You're welcome Afwan Welcome! Talus ka!
Yes Uway No Di
None Da Not Kena
Who? Entain? What? Ngin?
Where? Endaw? Which? Endaw san?
When? Kanu? How? Panun?
Why? Enduken? This Inia
That Intu/Nan There San
Here Sia In Lu

Signs

Street sign samples
  • No smoking
    No smoking
  • No littering
    No littering
  • No spitting
    No spitting
  • Do not urinate here
    Do not urinate here

Writing system

Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with the Jawi script. Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred history Compendio de historia universal contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script.[4]

Latin

Maguindanao alphabet – Latin script
Letter Name Sound
A a [a]
B ba [b]
D da [d]
E e [ə]
G ga [g]
H ha [h]
I i [i/e]
J ja [ʒ]
K ka [k]
L la [l]
M ma [m]
N na [n]
Ng nga [ŋ]
P pa [p]
R ra [ɾ/r]
S sa [s]
T ta [t]
U u [u/o]
W wa [w]
Y ya [j]
Z za [z]

Jawi

Maguindanao alphabet – Jawi script
Character Name
ا alip
ب ba
ت ta
ث t̲a
ج jim
ح ḥa
خ xo
د dal
ذ ḏal
ر ro
ز zai
س sin
ش šin
ص ṣod
ض ḍod
ط ṭo
ظ ẓo
ع 'ain
غ ǧain
ڠ nga
ف fa
ڨ pa
ق qaf
ک kaf
ڬ gaf
ل lam
م mim
ن nun
و wau
ه ha
ء hamza
ي ya
ى ye

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  2. ^ Juanmartí, Jacinto, S. I. (1833-1897) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-10-10. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^
    doi:10.3989/hs.2018.024
    .
  4. ^ a b i.e., Compendio de historia universal desde la creación del mundo hasta la venida de Jesucristo y un breve vocabulario en castellano y en moro maguindanao [Compendium of universal history from the creation of the world to the coming of Jesus Christ and a brief vocabulary in Spanish and Moro-Maguindanao] (in Maguindanao and Spanish). Singapore: Koh Yew Hean. 1888.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ such as a Maguindanao–Spanish bilingual "sacred history", with a short wordlist, in 1888,[4][3] in which Maguindanao was written in both Arabic characters and the Latin alphabet
  6. ^ i.e., Juanmartí (1892a) and Juanmartí (1892b)
  7. ^ i.e., Porter (1903)
  8. ^ i.e., Juanmartí (1906)
  9. ^ a b Eck, Jerry (1972). Sketch of Magindanaon phonology. Nasuli, Malaybalay, Bukidnon: SIL.
  10. ^ Racman, Tenex; Zorc, R. David (2009). Maguindanaon: Dialogs and Drills (PDF). Dunwoody Press.
  11. doi:10.15144/PL-A55.53
    .

Bibliography

External links

Maguindanao language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_language&oldid=1216265129"