Mahasweta Devi

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Mahasweta Devi
Calcutta University
Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College
Notable worksHajar Churashir Maa
(Mother of 1084)
Aranyer Adhikar
(The Right of the Forest)
Titu Mir
Notable awardsPadma Vibhushan
Padma Shri
Sahitya Akademi Award
Ramon Magsaysay Award
Jnanpith Award
SpouseBijon Bhattacharya (1947–1962)
Asit Gupta (1965–1976)
ChildrenNabarun Bhattacharya
RelativesManish Ghatak (father)
Dharitri Devi (mother)
Ritwik Ghatak (uncle)
Signature

Mahasweta Devi (14 January 1926 – 28 July 2016)

in Bengali), Jnanpith Award and Ramon Magsaysay Award along with India's civilian awards Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan.[5]

Early life and education

Mahasweta Devi was born in a

British India (now Dhaka, Bangladesh). Her father, Manish Ghatak, was a poet and novelist[7] of the Kallol movement, who used the pseudonym Jubanashwa (Bengali: যুবনাশ্ব).[8] Ghatak's brother was filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak.[9] Devi's mother, Dharitri Devi, was also a writer and a social worker[7]
whose brothers include sculptor Sankha Chaudhury and the founder-editor of Economic and Political Weekly of India, Sachin Chaudhury.

Devi's first schooling was in Dhaka,

Calcutta University.[7][10][11]

Career

Literary works

Devi wrote over 100 novels and over 20 collections of short stories[12] primarily written in Bengali but often translated to other languages.[13] Her first novel, titled Jhansir Rani, based on a biography of the Rani of Jhansi was published in 1956.[7] She had toured the Jhansi region to record information and folk songs from the local people for the novel.[3]

Mahasweta Devi's specialisation lay in the studies of Adivasi, Dalit and Marginalized citizens with a focus on their women. They were associated as protestor in the face of British colonialism, the Mahajanas and upper class corruption and injustice. She lived in the Adivasi villages in West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh years after years, befriending them and learning from them. She has embodied their struggles and sacrifices in her words and characters.[7] She had claimed that her stories aren't her creation, they are the stories of the people of her country. Such an example is her work "Chotti Mundi Ebong Tar Tir".

In 1964, she began teaching

dalits. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicted the brutal oppression on the tribal people and untouchables by the powerful authoritarian upper-caste landlords, money-lenders, and venal government officials.[10]
She wrote of the source of her inspiration:

I have always believed that the real history is made by ordinary people. I constantly come across the reappearance, in various forms, of folklore, ballads, myths and legends, carried by ordinary people across generations. ... The reason and inspiration for my writing are those people who are exploited and used, and yet do not accept defeat. For me, the endless source of ingredients for writing is in these amazingly noble, suffering human beings. Why should I look for my raw material elsewhere, once I have started knowing them? Sometimes it seems to me that my writing is really their doing.[14]

Postcolonial scholar Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has translated Devi's short stories into English and published three books Imaginary Maps (1995, Routledge), Old Woman (1997, Seagull), The Breast Stories (1997, Seagull).[15]

Social activity

Mahasweta Devi raised her voice several times against the discrimination suffered by tribal people in India.

Jharkhand State Government
finally saw to the removal of the manacles from the figure of Munda, which had been part of the commemorative sculpture of the notable young tribal leader due to its having been based on a photograph dating from the era of British rule.

Devi spearheaded the movement against the industrial policy of the earlier

Santiniketan of Rabindranath Tagore, where she spent her formative years. Her lead in the Nandigram agitation resulted in a number of intellectuals, artists, writers and theatre workers joining in protest of the controversial policy and particularly its implementation in Singur and Nandigram.[3]

She is known to have helped the noted writer Manoranjan Bypari to come into prominence as his initial writings were published in her journal and as prompted by her.

At the Frankfurt Book Fair 2006, when India was the first country to be the Fair's second time guest nation, she made an impassioned inaugural speech wherein she moved the audience to tears with her lines taken from the famous film song "Mera Joota Hai Japani" by Raj Kapoor.[17]

This is truly the age where the Joota (shoe) is Japani (Japanese), Patloon (pants) is Englistani (British), the Topi (hat) is Roosi (Russian), But the Dil... Dil (heart) is always Hindustani (Indian)... My country, Torn, Tattered, Proud, Beautiful, Hot, Humid, Cold, Sandy, Shining India. My country.[17]

In 1997, president Shankar Dayal Sharma commuted two death sentences after Devi led a petition campaign.[18] In 2012, she was one of more than 215 signatories, along with Nandita Das, Aamir Bashir, and Anusha Rizvi, to a petition delivered to president Pranab Mukherjee that opposed the death penalty after the conviction of Ajmal Kasab following the 2008 Mumbai attacks and instead favored life imprisonment.[19] The letter stated, "In the land of Buddha, Mahavira and Gandhiji, let it not be said there is no place in our hearts for mercy."[19]

Personal life

On 27 February 1947, she married renowned playwright Bijon Bhattacharya, who was one of the founding fathers of the Indian People's Theatre Association movement.[9] In 1948, she gave birth to Nabarun Bhattacharya, who became a novelist and political critic.[20] She worked in a post office but was fired for her communist leaning.[11] She went on to do various jobs, such as selling soaps and writing letters in English for illiterate people. In 1962, she married author Asit Gupta after divorcing Bhattacharya.[11] In 1976, the relationship with Gupta ended.

Death

Mahasweta Devi Memorial unveiled at Adivasi Academy of Tejgadh, Gujarat

On 23 July 2016, Devi suffered a major

urinary infection.[9]

On her death, Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal tweeted "India has lost a great writer. Bengal has lost a glorious mother. I have lost a personal guide. Mahasweta Di rest in peace."[9] Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted "Mahashweta Devi wonderfully illustrated the might of the pen. A voice of compassion, equality & justice, she leaves us deeply saddened. RIP."[9]

Awards and recognition

Major works

Devi's major works include:[32]

  • Jhansi Rani (1956, biography)[12]
    • The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book is a reconstruction of the life of
      ISBN 8170461758
  • Mastar Saab also known as Massaheb (The School Teacher), which is based on
    naxal leader Jagdish Mahto, who became a well known figure in Bhojpur for his contribution to armed struggle of the poor against the landlords.[33][34]
  • Hajar Churashir Maa (1974, novel, Mother of 1084)[12]
  • Aranyer Adhikar (1979, novel Right to the Forest)[12]
  • Agnigarbha (1978, short stories collection)[12]
  • Murti (1979, short stories collection)
  • Neerete Megh (1979, short stories collection)
  • Stanyadayani (1980, short stories collection)
  • Chotti Munda Ebong Tar Tir (1980, short stories collection)

Film adaptations

In popular culture

Mahananda, a Bengali film based on her life and works, directed by acclaimed director Arindam Sil was released in 2022. Gargi Roychowdhury essayed the titular role in the film.

See also

References

  1. ^ Detailed Biography Archived 26 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ramon Magsaysay Award.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-313-31192-5
    . Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  3. ^
    ISSN 0971-751X
    . Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  4. ^ "Mahasweta Devi: The Life Immortal". The Indian Express. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  5. ^ Datta, Sudipta (31 July 2016). "Tearing the curtain of darkness". The Hindu (Op-ed). Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  6. ^ "O Tempora! O Mores!". The Statesman. 29 August 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Panth, Sirshendu (28 July 2016). "Mahasweta Devi lived like she wrote: Fearlessly and without restraint". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  8. ISBN 978-0-14-341629-6
    . Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Mahasweta Devi passes away". The Hindu. Kolkata. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  10. ^ a b Johri 2010, p. 150.
  11. ^ a b c Tharu & Lalita 1993, p. 234.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Chatterjee, Debjani (28 July 2020). "Remembering Writer Mahasweta Devi - The Voice Of The Downtrodden". NDTV. All India. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  13. ^ "Who was Mahasweta Devi? Why her death is a loss for Indian readers". Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  14. ISBN 9780520067141
    .
  15. ISBN 978-1-13458-383-6
    .
  16. ^ Biswas, Premankur (29 July 2016). "Mahasweta Devi, voice of subaltern, rebellion". The Indian Express. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  17. ^ a b Johri 2010, p. 153.
  18. Indian Express
    . Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  19. ^
    Indian Express
    . Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  20. ^ "Writer Nabarun Bhattacharya passes away". The Hindu. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  21. ^ Scroll Staff. "Eminent writer Mahasweta Devi dies at 90 in Kolkata". Scroll. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  22. ^ a b c "Who was Mahasweta Devi? Why her death is a loss for Indian readers". India Today. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  23. ^ "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 72–94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  24. ^ Citation Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Ramon Magsaysay Award.
  25. ^ Prasad 2006, p. 216.
  26. ^ Kurian, Nimi (1 January 2006). "Of ordinary lives". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  27. ^ Haq, Kaiser (14 April 2007). "On Hallowed Ground: SAARC Translation Workshop at Belur, Kolkata". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  28. ^ "The Man Booker International Prize 2009". Man Booker Prize. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  29. ^ "Yashwantrao Chavan Award for Mahasweta Devi". The Hindu. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  30. ^ "Soumitra refuses Banga Bibhushan Award". The Times of India. 20 May 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  31. ^ "Who is Mahasweta Devi? Google Doodle celebrates 92nd birth anniversary of Indian writer". Financial Express. 14 January 2018.
  32. ^ Tharu & Lalita 1993, p. 235.
  33. ISBN 978-1000905946
    .
  34. ^ "Who is Mahashweta Devi". Times of India. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  35. ^ Upala Sen (17 April 2016). "The book thief". The Telegraph. Kolkata. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  36. ^ a b c d Devarsi Ghosh (28 July 2016). "Mahasweta Devi, RIP: Rudaali to Sunghursh, 5 films that immortalise the author's works". India Today. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  37. ^ Marathi cinema has been producing a range of serious films..[usurped] Frontline, The Hindu Group, Volume 23 – Issue 20: 7–20 Oct. 2006.

Biography

External links
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