Mogilev

Coordinates: 53°55′N 30°21′E / 53.917°N 30.350°E / 53.917; 30.350
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Mahilyow
)
This article is about the city in Belarus. For the city in Ukraine, see Mohyliv-Podilskyi.
Mogilev
Магілёў • Могилёв
Mahilyow
Łacinka
Mahilioŭ
 • ScholarlyMahilëŭ
 • ALA-LCMahili͡oŭ
 • British[1]Mahilëw
UTC+3 (MSK)
Postal code
212 001
Area code+375 222
License plate6
WebsiteCity's executive committee's official website

Mogilev (

third-largest city in Belarus.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
189743,119—    
192341,622−3.5%
192646,562+11.9%
193999,428+113.5%
1959121,712+22.4%
1970202,314+66.2%
1979290,361+43.5%
1989359,188+23.7%
1999356,500−0.7%
2009358,279+0.5%
2019356,821−0.4%
Source: pop-stat.mashke.org[5]

History

Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906-1913
Wehrmacht propaganda photograph of Jewish women in Mogilev, July 1941; Mogilev Jews were murdered by Nazi Police Battalion 322 in October.[6]
Mogilev in July 1941

The city was first mentioned in historical records in 1267. From the 14th century, it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and since the Union of Lublin (1569), part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, where it became known as Mohylew. In the 16th-17th centuries, the city flourished as one of the main nodes of the east–west and north–south trading routes.

In 1577, Polish King

city rights under Magdeburg law. In 1654, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), the townsmen negotiated a treaty of surrender to the Russians peacefully, if the Jews were to be expelled and their property divided up among Mogilev's inhabitants. Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovitch agreed. However, instead of expelling the Jews, the Russian troops massacred them after they had led them to the outskirts of the town.[7] During this war, the city was besieged twice by the Lithuanian army: in 1655 and in 1660. In 1661, local residents started an uprising against the Russian imperial rule [ru]. The city was set afire by Peter the Great's forces in 1708, during the Great Northern War.[8] After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Mogilev became part of the Russian Empire and became the centre of the Mogilev Governorate
. In 1938 it was decided Mogilev was to become the capital of Belarus because Minsk was too close to the then-Polish-Soviet border.

In the years 1915–1917, during

Russian Imperial Army, was based in the city [9] and the Tsar, Nicholas II, spent long periods there as Commander-in-Chief.[10][11]

Following the

Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 41,100, 21,500 were Jews (i.e. over 50 percent).[12] In 1938 the leadership of Soviet Belarus decided to move the capital of the country from Minsk to Mogilev. Due to that, the now-Mogilev City Council building was built in 1938–1940 with the aim of being the government building. It was designed to resemble the Minsk Government building
.

During

Maly Trostenets
.

In 1944, with the Mogilev offensive, the devastated city was liberated by the Red Army and returned to Soviet control. Mogilev then was the site of a labour camp for German POW soldiers.

Since Belarus gained its independence in 1991, Mogilev has remained one of its principal cities.

Religion

Mohilev was the

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev
.

It remains the see of the

Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church
.

Economy

After World War II, a huge metallurgy centre with several major steel mills was built. Also, several major factories of cranes, cars, tractors and a chemical plant were established. By the 1950s, tanning was Mogilev's principal industry, and it was a major trading centre for cereal, leather, salt, sugar, fish, timber and flint: the city has been home to a major inland port on the Dnieper river since and an airport since. Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the establishment of Belarus as an independent country, Mogilev has become one of that country's main economic and industrial centres.[15]

Cityscape

The town's most notable landmark is the late 17th-century

Great Patriotic War
. It was eventually demolished in 1957 and rebuilt in its pre-war form in 2008.

Another important landmark of Mogilev is the six-pillared St. Stanisław's Cathedral, built in the Baroque style between 1738 and 1752 and distinguished by its frescoes.

The convent of St. Nicholas preserves its magnificent cathedral of 1668, as well as the original

World Heritage site.[16]

Minor landmarks include the archiepiscopal palace and memorial arch, both dating from the 1780s, and the enormous theater in a blend of the

Russian Revival
styles.

At Polykovichi, an urban part of Mogilev, there is a 350 metre tall guyed TV mast, one of the tallest structures in Belarus.

  • The Convent of St. Nicholas
    The Convent of St. Nicholas
  • The Russian Orthodox church
    The Russian Orthodox church
  • St. Stanisław's Cathedral
    St. Stanisław's Cathedral
  • The city center
    The city center
  • Mogilev City Council building which was intended to be the government building after the 1938 propposed relocation of the capital from Minsk to Mogilev.
    Mogilev City Council building which was intended to be the government building after the 1938 propposed relocation of the capital from Minsk to Mogilev.
  • Another view of the Mogilev City Council building.
    Another view of the Mogilev City Council building.

Geography

Climate

Mogilev has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm summers and cold winters.

Climate data for Mogilev
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		12.9
(55.2) 		19.3
(66.7) 		29.1
(84.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.6
(90.7) 		34.3
(93.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		30.6
(87.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		36.8
(98.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		3.0
(37.4) 		12.0
(53.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		21.5
(70.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		9.9
(49.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		10.2
(50.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		6.7
(44.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		17.0
(62.6) 		11.6
(52.9) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		6.0
(42.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.8
(18.0) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		2.0
(35.6) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		2.1
(35.8)
Record low °C (°F) −37.3
(−35.1) 		−34.7
(−30.5) 		−35.0
(−31.0) 		−17.7
(0.1) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		3.0
(37.4) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−14.8
(5.4) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−33.4
(−28.1) 		−37.3
(−35.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39
(1.5) 		34
(1.3) 		39
(1.5) 		41
(1.6) 		53
(2.1) 		75
(3.0) 		81
(3.2) 		65
(2.6) 		55
(2.2) 		54
(2.1) 		45
(1.8) 		41
(1.6) 		622
(24.5)
Average rainy days 8 7 9 12 15 17 15 13 14 15 14 10 149
Average snowy days 21 20 13 4 0.2 0 0 0 0.1 3 12 20 93
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		87 85 80 72 69 74 74 75 80 84 89 89 80
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[17]

Notable citizens

David Pinski around 1900

Sports

Spartak Stadium

City sports teams:

  • Football:
    ZhFC Dnepr Mogilev
    , Nadezhda Mogilev
  • Hockey: HK Mogilev
  • Volleyball: Mogilev Lions, Kommunalnik
  • Handball: Masheka
  • Basketball: BC Borisfen

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus

Mogilev is twinned with:[20]

Notes

  1. ^ BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian
  2. ^ Official transliteration

References

  1. ^ British Standard 2979 : 1958, London: British Standards Institution.
  2. ^ a b c "Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Definition of MOGILEV".
  4. ^ Ярковец, А.И. (2011). "Численность населения на 1 января 2011 года и среднегодовая численность населения за 2010 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". Статистический бюллетень (in Russian). Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь: 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  5. ^ "Cities & Towns of Belarus". 2024-04-15.
  6. ISBN 9780809001842
    .
  7. ^ Russia's First Modern Jews, NYU Press 1995, David Fishman, p.2
  8. ISBN 978-9856599586
    .
  9. ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3
    , pages 36 - 39, 41 - 42, 111-112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–199.
  10. ^ "Mogilev invites tourists to take a stroll with Emperor Nicholas II". Official website of Belarus.
  11. ISBN 9780345438317
    .
  12. ISBN 0-299-19464-7, Google Print, p.16
  13. ^ "Mogilev The fate of the Jews under the German Invasion & Occupation". Holocaustresearchproject.org. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  14. ^ "Jewish Heritage Research Group in Belarus". Jhrgbelarus.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  15. ^ "Mogilev Region". Belarus.by. Govt of Belarus.
  16. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2004-01-30). "St. Nicholas Monastery Complex in the city of Mahilyou – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  17. ^ "КЛИМАТ МОГИЛЕВА" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  18. ^ ""Самыя блізкія пабрацімы называлі яго "Дранік"". У Данецкай вобласьці загінуў яшчэ адзін беларус, які бараніў Украіну ("The closest brothers called him" Dranik "." Another Belarusian defending Ukraine died in Donetsk region) Радыё Свабода (Radio Liberty) (in Belarusian)". Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  19. ^ FC Torpedo Mogilev (2015-01-30). "Official Website of FC Torpedo Mogilev". torpedomogilev.by. Archived from the original on 2016-01-31. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  20. ^ "Города-побратимы". mogilev.gov.by (in Russian). Mogilev. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
  21. ^ "白俄罗斯莫吉廖夫市". changsha.gov.cn (in Chinese). Changsha. 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-07-11.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mahilioŭ.
Look up mogilev in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
City and regional maps of Mogilev
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