Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | |||||||||||||||||||
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محمود احمدینژاد | |||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Hassan Rouhani | ||||||||||||||||||
6th President of Iran | |||||||||||||||||||
In office 3 August 2005 – 3 August 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||
Supreme Leader | Ali Khamenei | ||||||||||||||||||
First Vice President | Parviz Davoodi Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei Mohammad Reza Rahimi | ||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Mohammad Khatami | ||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Hassan Rouhani | ||||||||||||||||||
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42nd Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani | |||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Province created | ||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Seyyed Hamid Tahayi | ||||||||||||||||||
Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |||||||||||||||||||
In office 30 August 2012 – 3 August 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Mohamed Morsi | ||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Hassan Rouhani | ||||||||||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||
Born | Mahmoud Sabbaghian[5] 28 October 1956 Aradan, Imperial State of Iran | ||||||||||||||||||
Political party |
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Other political affiliations |
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Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||
Children | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Relatives |
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Residence(s) | Square 72, PhD) | ||||||||||||||||||
Occupation | University professor | ||||||||||||||||||
Profession | Engineer | ||||||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | Iran | ||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | Revolutionary Guards | ||||||||||||||||||
Years of service | 1986–1988[7][8] | ||||||||||||||||||
Rank | None[a] | ||||||||||||||||||
Unit | Hamzeh Headquarters[7] | ||||||||||||||||||
Commands | Combat engineering Unit, 6th Special Division[8] | ||||||||||||||||||
Battles/wars | Iran–Iraq War | ||||||||||||||||||
Academic background | |||||||||||||||||||
Theses | |||||||||||||||||||
Doctoral advisor | Hamid Behbahani | ||||||||||||||||||
Other advisors | Ali Mansour Khaki Gholamreza Shirazian Jalil Shahi | ||||||||||||||||||
Academic work | |||||||||||||||||||
Discipline | Civil engineering | ||||||||||||||||||
Sub-discipline | Traffic engineering | ||||||||||||||||||
Institutions | Iran University of Science and Technology | ||||||||||||||||||
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (
An engineer and teacher from a poor background,
During his presidency, Ahmadinejad was a controversial figure both in
During his second term, Ahmadinejad experienced a power struggle with reformers and other traditionalists
On 12 April 2017, Ahmadinejad announced that he intended to run for a third term in the
Early life and education
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was born on 28 October 1956 near Garmsar, in the village of Aradan, in Semnan province. His mother, Khanom, was a Sayyida, an honorific title given to those believed to be direct bloodline descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[40] His father, Ahmad, was a Persian grocer and barber, and was a religious Shia Muslim who taught the Quran.[40]
When Mahmoud was one year old, his family moved to
In 1976, Ahmadinejad took Iran's national university entrance examination. According to his autobiography, he was ranked 132nd out of 400,000 participants that year,
Administrative and academic careers
Some details of Ahmadinejad's life during the 1980s are not publicly known, but it is known that he held a number of administrative posts in the province of
Many reports say that after
Ahmadinejad was accepted to a Master of Science program at his alma mater in 1986. He joined the faculty there as a lecturer in 1989,[14][49] and in 1997 received his doctorate in civil engineering and traffic transportation planning.[14]
Early political career
After the
Ahmadinejad first assumed political office as unelected governor to both
Mayor of Tehran
The 2003 mayoral race in Tehran elected
As mayor, he reversed changes made by previous
After his election to the presidency, Ahmadinejad's resignation as the Mayor of Tehran was accepted on 28 June 2005. After two years as mayor, Ahmadinejad was one of 65 finalists for World Mayor in 2005, selected from 550 nominees, only nine of them from Asia.[50] He was among three strong candidates for the top-ten list, but his resignation made him ineligible.[50]
Presidency (2005–2013)
Election
2005 campaign
Ahmadinejad was not particularly well known when he entered the presidential election campaign as he had never run for office before, (he had been mayor of Tehran for only two years and had been appointed, not elected),[51]: 315 although he had already made his mark in Tehran for rolling back earlier reforms. He was/is a member of the Central Council of the Islamic Society of Engineers, but his key political support is inside the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Abadgaran or Developers).[52] He was also helped by support from supreme leader Ali Khamenei, of whom some described Ahmadinejad as a protégé.[53]
Ahmadinejad was largely non-committal about his plans for his presidency, perhaps to attract both
In the campaign, he took a populist approach. He emphasized his own modest life, and compared himself with
Ahmadinejad was the only presidential candidate who spoke out against future relations with the United States. He told
In his second-round campaign, he said, "We didn't participate in the revolution for turn-by-turn government. ... This revolution tries to reach a world-wide government." He spoke of an extended program using trade to improve foreign relations, and called for greater ties with Iran's neighbours and ending
Ahmadinejad described
2005 presidential election
Ahmadinejad won 62% of the vote in the
Shortly after Ahmadinejad was elected president, some
2005 cabinet appointments
Ministry | Minister |
---|---|
Agriculture | Mohammad Reza Eskandari
|
Commerce | Masoud Mir Kazemi |
Communication and Information Technology | Mohammad Soleimani |
Cooperatives | Mohammad Abbasi |
Culture and Islamic Guidance | Hossein Saffar Harandi |
Defense and Armed Forces Logistics |
Mostafa Mohammad Najjar
|
Economy and Financial Affairs | Hossein Samsami |
Education | Alireza Ali Ahmadi
|
Energy | Parviz Fattah |
Foreign Affairs | Manoucher Mottaki
|
Health and Medical Education | Kamran Bagheri Lankarani |
Housing and Urban Development | Mohammad Saeedikia |
Industries and Mines | Aliakbar Mehrabian
|
Intelligence |
Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei
|
Interior | Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi[62]
|
Justice | Gholam Hossein Elham
|
Labour and Social Affairs | Mohammad Jahromi |
Petroleum |
Gholam Hossein Nozari
|
Roads and Transportation | Hamid Behbahani |
Science, Research, and Technology | Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi |
Welfare and Social Security | Abdolreza Mesri |
Iran's president is constitutionally obliged to obtain confirmation from the
2006 councils and Assembly of Experts election
Ahmadinejad's team lost the 2006 city council elections.
2009 presidential election
On 23 August 2008, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei announced that he "sees Ahmadinejad as president in the next five years," a comment interpreted as indicating support for Ahmadinejad's reelection.[67] 39,165,191 ballots were cast in the election on 12 June 2009, according to Iran's election headquarters. Ahmadinejad won 24,527,516 votes, (62.63%). In second place, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, won 13,216,411 (33.75%) of the votes.[68]
2009 presidential election protests
The election results remained in dispute with both Mousavi and Ahmadinejad and their respective supporters who believe that
2009 cabinet appointments
Ministry | Minister |
---|---|
Agriculture | Sadeq Khalilian |
Commerce | Mehdi Ghazanfari |
Communication and Information Technology | Reza Taghipour |
Cooperatives | Mohammad Abbasi |
Culture and Islamic Guidance | Mohammad Hosseini |
Defense and Armed Forces Logistics |
Ahmad Vahidi |
Economy and Financial Affairs | Shamseddin Hosseini |
Education | Hamid-Reza Haji Babaee |
Energy | Majid Namjoo |
Foreign Affairs | Manouchehr Mottaki |
Health and Medical Education | Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi
|
Housing and Urban Development |
Reza Sheykholeslam
|
Industries and Mines | Aliakbar Mehrabian
|
Intelligence |
Heydar Moslehi |
Interior | Mostafa Mohammad Najjar
|
Justice | Morteza Bakhtiari |
Labour and Social Affairs |
Ali Nikzad |
Petroleum |
Masoud Mir Kazemi |
Roads and Transportation | Hamid Behbahani |
Science, Research, and Technology | Kamran Daneshjoo |
Welfare and Social Security | Sadeq Mahsouli
|
Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for his second term. Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice president, but opposed by a number of Majlis members and by the intelligence minister, Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed orders to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and fired Mohseni-Eje'i.[73]
On 26 July 2009, Ahmadinejad's government faced a legal problem after he sacked four ministers. Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more than half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet or act before the Majlis approves the revised membership.[74] The vice chairman of the Majlis announced that no cabinet meetings or decisions would be legal, pending such a re-approval.[75]
On 4 September 2009, the Majlis approved 18 of the 21 cabinet candidates, and rejected three, including two women.
2012 parliamentary elections
Ahmadinejad suffered a defeat in March/May 2012 parliamentary elections with Ayatollah Khamenei's "Principalist" allies winning about three quarters of the parliaments 290 seats, and Ahmadinejad supporters far fewer.[77]
Domestic policy
Economic policy
In Ahmadinejad's first four years as president, Iran's real GDP reflected growth of the economy. Inflation and unemployment also decreased under Ahmadinejad due to better economic management and ending the unsustainable spending and borrowing patterns of previous administrations .
In June 2006, 50 Iranian economists wrote a letter to Ahmadinejad that criticized his price interventions to stabilize prices of goods, cement, government services, and his decree issued by the High Labor Council and the Ministry of Labor that proposed an increase of workers' salaries by 40%. Ahmadinejad publicly responded harshly to the letter and denounced the accusations.
President Ahmadinejad changed almost all of his economic ministers, including oil, industry and economy, since coming to power in 2005. In an interview with Fars News Agency in April 2008,
While his government had 275 thousand billion toman oil income, the highest in Iranian history, Ahmadinejad's government had the highest budget deficit since the Iranian revolution.[89]
During his presidency, Ahmadinejad launched a
Family planning and population policy
In October 2006, Ahmadinejad began calling for the scrapping of Iran's existing birth-control policies which discouraged Iranian couples from having more than two children. He told
In 2008, the government sent the "Family Protection Bill" to the Iranian parliament. Women's rights activists criticized the bill for removing protections from women, such as the requirement that a husband obtain his wife's consent before marrying a second wife. Women's rights in Iran are more religiously based than those in secular countries.[95]
Housing
The first legislation to emerge from his newly formed government was a 12 trillion
Human rights
According to a report by Human Rights Watch, "Since President Ahmadinejad came to power, treatment of detainees has worsened in Evin Prison as well as in detention centers operated clandestinely by the Judiciary, the Ministry of Information, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps."[98]: 464 Human Rights Watch also has stated, "Respect for basic human rights in Iran, especially freedom of expression and assembly, deteriorated in 2006. The government routinely tortures and mistreats detained dissidents, including through prolonged solitary confinement."[98]: 463 Human Rights Watch described the source of human rights violations in contemporary Iran as coming from the Judiciary, accountable to Ali Khamenei, and from members directly appointed by Ahmadinejad.[citation needed]
Responses to dissent have varied. Human Rights Watch writes that "the Ahmadinejad government, in a pronounced shift from the policy under former president Mohammed Khatami, has shown no tolerance for peaceful protests and gatherings." In December 2006, Ahmadinejad advised officials not to disturb students who engaged in a protest during a speech of his at the Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran,[99][100] although speakers at other protests have included among their complaints that there had been a crackdown on dissent at universities since Ahmadinejad was elected.[101]
In April 2007, the Tehran police, which is under Khamenei's supervision, began a crackdown on women with "improper hijab". This led to criticism from associates of Ahmadinejad.[102]
In 2012, Ahmadinejad claimed that AIDS was created by the West in order to weaken poorer countries, and repeated a previous claim that homosexual Iranians did not exist.[103] He has also described homosexuality as "ugly".[104][105]
Universities
In 2006, the Ahmadinejad
In 2006, Ahmadinejad's government applied a 50%
December 2006 student protest
In December 2006, it was reported that some students were angry about the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, which they saw as promoting Holocaust denial.[112]
In response to the students' slogans, the president said: "We have been standing up to dictatorship so that no one will dare to establish dictatorship in a millennium even in the name of freedom. Given the scars inflicted on the Iranian nation by agents of the US and British dictatorship, no one will ever dare to initiate the rise of a dictator."[113] It was reported that even though the protesters broke the TV cameras and threw hand-made bombs at Ahmadinejad,[114] the president asked the officials not to question or disturb the protesters.[99][100] In his blog, Ahmadinejad described his reaction to the incident as "a feeling of joy" because of the freedom that people enjoyed after the revolution.[115]
One thousand students also protested the day before to denounce the increased pressure on the reformist groups at the university. One week prior, more than two thousand students protested at
Nuclear program
Ahmadinejad has been a vocal supporter of Iran's nuclear program, and has insisted that it is for peaceful purposes. He has repeatedly emphasized that building a nuclear bomb is not the policy of his government. He has said that such a policy is "illegal and against our religion".[117][118] He also added at a January 2006 conference in Tehran that a nation with "culture, logic and civilization" would not need nuclear weapons, and that countries that seek nuclear weapons are those that want to solve all problems by the use of force.[119]
In April 2006, Ahmadinejad announced that Iran had successfully refined
Despite Ahmadinejad's vocal support for the program, the office of the Iranian president is not directly responsible for nuclear policy. It is instead set by the
Ahmadinejad vowed in February 2008 that Iran will not be held back from developing its peaceful nuclear program.[129]
In October 2009, the United States, France, and Russia proposed a U.N.-drafted deal with Iran regarding its nuclear program, in an effort to find a compromise between Iran's stated need for a nuclear reactor and the concerns of those who are worried that Iran harbors a secret intent of developing a nuclear weapon. After some delay in responding, on 29 October, Ahmadinejad seemed to change his tone towards the deal. "We welcome fuel exchange, nuclear co-operation, building of power plants and reactors and we are ready to co-operate," he said in a live broadcast on state television.[130] He added that Iran would not retreat "one iota" on its right to a sovereign nuclear program.[131]
Domestic criticism and controversies
Accusations of corruption
According to Brussels-based NGO International Crisis Group, Ahmadinejad has been criticized for attacking private "plunderers" and "corrupt officials", while engaging in "cronyism and political favouritism". Many of his close associates were appointed to positions for which they have no obvious qualifications, and "billion dollar no-bid contracts" were awarded to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), an organization with which he is strongly associated.[132]
According to Najmeh Bozorgmehr of the Financial Times, "Iran has a long history of cronyism and corruption under its monarchies and the Islamic Republic. But the scale of corruption under Mr. Ahmadinejad was of a different order, according to both reform-minded and conservative politicians."[133]
Other statements
In June 2007, Ahmadinejad was criticized by some Iranian parliament members over his remark about Christianity and Judaism. According to Aftab News Agency, Ahmadinejad stated: "In the world, there are deviations from the right path: Christianity and Judaism. Dollars have been devoted to the propagation of these deviations. There are also false claims that these [religions] will save mankind. But Islam is the only religion that [can] save mankind." Some members of Iranian parliament criticized these remarks as being fuels to religious war.[134][135]
Conservative MP Rafat Bayat has accused Ahmadinejad for a decline in observance of the required
The UN and football stadiums
There are two statements that led to criticism from some religious authorities. One concerns his speech at the
In another statement in 2006, Ahmadinejad proclaimed (without consulting the clerics beforehand), that women be allowed into football stadiums to watch male football clubs compete. This proclamation "was quickly overruled" by clerical authorities, one of whom, Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani "refused for weeks to meet with President Ahmadinejad" in early 2007.[140]
Constitutional conflict
In 2008, a serious conflict emerged between the Iranian President and the head of parliament over three laws approved by the Iranian parliament: "the agreement for civil and criminal legal cooperation between Iran and Kyrgyzstan", "the agreement to support mutual investment between Iran and Kuwait", and "the law for registration of industrial designs and trademarks". The conflict was so serious that the Iranian leader stepped in to resolve it. Ahmadinejad wrote a letter to the parliamentary speaker Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, furiously denouncing him for the "inexplicable act" of bypassing the presidency by giving the order to implement legislation in an official newspaper.[citation needed] Ahmadinejad accused the head of parliament of violating Iranian constitutional law. He called for legal action against the parliament speaker.[141] Haddad-Adel responded to Ahmadinejad accusing him of using inappropriate language in his remarks and letters.[142]
Ali Kordan
In August 2008, Ahmadinejad appointed
In November 2008, Ahmadinejad announced that he was against impeachment of Kordan by Iranian parliament. He refused to attend the parliament on the impeachment day.[145] Kordan was expelled from office by Iranian parliament on 4 November 2008. 188 MPs voted against him. An impeachment of Kordan would push Ahmadinejad close to having to submit his entire cabinet for review by parliament, which was led by one of his chief political opponents. Iran's constitution requires that step if more than half the cabinet ministers are replaced, and Ahmadinejad replaced nine of 21 until that date.[146][147]
Conflict with Parliament
In February 2009, after
Ahmadinejad criticized the National Audit Office for what he called its "carelessness", saying the report "incites the people" against the government.[150]
In May 2011, several members of parliament threatened to initiate impeachment proceedings against Ahmadinejad after his merger of eight government ministries and the firing of three ministers without parliament's consent. According to the Majles news website, MP
Relations with Supreme Leader of Iran
Early in his presidency, Ahmadinejad was sometimes described as "enjoy[ing] the full backing" of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei,[153] and even as being his "protege".[154] In Ahmadinejad's 2005 inauguration the supreme leader allowed Ahmadinejad to kiss his hand and cheeks in what was called "a sign of closeness and loyalty",[155] and after the 2009 election fully endorsed Ahmadinejad against protesters; however, as early as January 2008, signs of disagreement between the two men developed over domestic policies,[153] and by the period of 2010–11 several sources detected a "growing rift" between them.[156][32] The disagreement was described as centered on Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, a top adviser and close confidant of Ahmadinejad[33] and opponent of "greater involvement of clerics in politics",[157] who was first vice president of Iran until being ordered to resign from the cabinet by the supreme leader.
In 2009, Ahmadinejad dismissed Intelligence Minister
In 2012, Khamenei ordered a halt to a parliamentary inquiry into Ahmadinejad's mishandling of the Iranian economy.[161] In 2016, Khamenei advised Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, his former ally with whom his relationship was strained after Ahmadinejad accused his son Mojtaba Khamenei of embezzling from the state treasury,[162] to not run for president again.[163][164][165][166][167]
Hugo Chávez's funeral
Ahmadinejad was criticised by the religious and political groups in Iran for photographs taken of him embracing
Nepotism
One of the most frequent criticisms about Ahmadinejad was the nepotism in his governments. Nepotism was one of his habits in appointing senior government officials.[171][172] His elder brother, Davoud, was appointed chief inspector at the presidency in 2005 and was in office until 2008.[173][174] His sister, Parvin, served at the presidential's women's center.[171] His nephew, Ali Akbar Mehrabian, served as the mining and industry minister in his cabinet.[171] His daughter's father-in-law, Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, served at several senior positions.[174][175] His brother-in-law, Masoud Zaribafan, served as cabinet secretary.[173]
Foreign relations
During Ahmadinejad's tenure as President of Iran the foreign policy of the country took a different approach from the previous administration. Relations with
Ahmadinejad is an outspoken critic of the Western world and is often criticized for his hostility towards the United States, Israel, the United Kingdom and other Western nations.[176][177]
Israel
Ahmadinejad abides by Iran's long-standing policy of refusing to recognize Israel as a legitimate state, and wants the Jewish people who immigrated to Israel to return to their "fatherlands".[178]
In 2005, Ahmadinejad, in a speech praising the Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini, was translated by Iranian state-run media as saying that "Israel must be wiped off the map."[179][180][181] A controversy erupted over the translation, with specialists such as Juan Cole of the University of Michigan and Arash Norouzi of the Mossadegh Project pointing out that the original statement in Farsi did not say that Israel should be wiped off the map, but instead that it would collapse.[182][183][184] The words 'Israel', 'map', and 'to wipe off' are non-existent in the Iranian speech's original. According to another IRNA translation, on the occasion of a commemoration of the anniversary of Khomeini's death on 3 June 2008, Ahmadinejad stated that "The corrupt element will be wiped off the map."[185] Contextually, Ahmadinejad was quoting Khomeini's words about the imminent disappearance of the Soviet Union and the Shah's regime, and tacked on his remarks concerning Israel. In Katajun Amirpur's analysis, there is no implication in the text that Iran intended destroying Israel or annihilating the Jewish people, any more than Khomeini was suggesting with his words that the Russians, or the Iranian people themselves under the Shah would be extinguished.[185] Ahmadinejad is on the record as stating that Iran had no plans to attack Israel.[185] The statement itself was in fact a citation, with a minute verbal variation, of a remark made by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, which had created no furor at the time, but did so when Ahmadinejad quoted them in 2005.[186]
Dan Meridor, Israel's minister of intelligence and atomic energy said during an Al Jazeera interview that Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had repeatedly said "that Israel is an unnatural creature, it will not survive. They didn't say, 'We'll wipe it out,' you're right, but, 'It will not survive.'" adding "If Iran says this, and continues to pile up uranium that they enrich, and build missiles in big numbers, and have a nuclear military plan—if you put all this together, you can't say, they don't really mean it."[187] The Washington Post's fact-checker editor Glenn Kessler says the interpretation gets murkier when Ahmadinejad's quote is set against other Iranian propaganda. Karim Sadjadpour, an Iranian specialist at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, cites proof that the Iranian government releases propaganda that clearly says Israel should be "wiped off". Joshua Teitelbaum of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs discovered pictures of Iranian propaganda banners that clearly say in English: "Israel should be wiped out of the face of the world."[188][189] In March 2016, Iran tested a ballistic missile painted with the phrase "Israel should be wiped off the Earth" in Hebrew. The missile is reported to be capable of reaching Israel.[190][191][192][193]
The Official Web site of the President of Iran quoted Ahmadinejad as saying on 15 May 2011 "The reason for our insistence that the Zionist regime should be wiped out and vanished is that the Zionist regime is the main base for imposing oppression and harbors the main terrorists of the world."[194]
Holocaust denial controversy
He was strongly criticized after claiming that the Jews
Palestine
Ahmadinejad advocates "free elections" for the region, and believes
United States
In September 2010, Ahmadinejad made a contentious assertion at the 65th session of the
Establishing an independent and impartial committee of investigation, which would determine the roots and causes of the regrettable event of 9/11, is the demand of all the peoples of the region and the world. ... Any opposition to this legal and human demand means that 9/11 was premeditated in order to achieve the goals of occupation and of confrontation with the nations.[212]
He made similar comments at the 66th session in September 2011.[213][214]
Venezuela
Ahmadinejad is said to have "forged a close public friendship" with Venezuelan president
Ahmad Khatami a senior Iranian cleric said that Ahmadinejad went "too far" with his comments. Hossein Rouhaninejad of Iran's Islamic development organisation said the president's remarks were against Shia Islam beliefs. Another senior cleric, Seyed Mahdi rebuke Ahmadinejad saying his comments were "legally and religiously wrong".[216][217]
Post-presidency (2013–present)
Ahmadinejad left his office at Pasteur St. on 3 August 2013 and returned to his private house in Narmak.[218]
In an interview with
2017 presidential election
It was rumored that Ahmadinejad would run for presidency again in
2017–18 Iranian protests
During the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 2 March 2022, Ahmadinejad expressed his support for Ukraine and the
U.S. sanctions
On 19 August 2023, following a prisoner swap between Iran and the United States, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Ahmadinejad under Executive Order 14078 in September for his involvement in detaining several U.S. citizens.[235] According to the Treasury Department, Ahmadinejad had provided material support to the Ministry of Intelligence and Security and during his presidency was involved with the detention of Robert Levinson and three U.S. hikers by appointing Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i and Heydar Moslehi in 2005 and 2009 as the Minister of Intelligence respectively, who oversaw the detention of U.S. citizens during their tenures. Ahmadinejad was also being considered for further sanctions under Executive Order 13599.[236]
Party affiliation
Ahmadinejad has been an active and prominent member of the right-wing Islamic Society of Engineers since its establishment until 2005.[237] As of 2014, he is still a member of the party but is not active since 2005.[238] He was also a founding member of the Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution,[239] but left in 2011.[240]
Since 2005, Ahmadinejad has introduced himself as non-partisan, even anti-party and did not try to gain support of political parties despite being supported by the
Public image
Ahmadinejad is known for his vulgarism, undiplomatic language and usage of slang terms.[242] He is active on Twitter, where he engages his followers primarily in English and tweets about sports, the United States, and current events.[243][244]
According to a poll conducted by Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC (iPOS) in March 2016, Ahmadinejad was the least popular political figure in Iran. He had 57% approval and 39% disapproval ratings, thus a +18% net popularity.[245]
Polls conducted by Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) and IranPoll with ±3.2% margin of error shows his approval rating as follows:[246]
Date | Very favorable | Somewhat favorable | Somewhat unfavorable | Very unfavorable | Don't recognize the name | DK/NA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 2014 | 34% | 33% | 14.0% | 16.0% | 1.0% | 3.0% |
August 2015 | 27.5% | 33.5% | 13.0% | 22.8% | 0.2% | 3.0% |
January 2016 | 24.2% | 32.8% | 15.0% | 23.9% | 0.4% | 3.7% |
June 2016 | 28.0% | 37.3% | 14.9% | 16.1% | 0.4% | 3.3% |
December 2016 | 27.2% | 33.6% | 13.9% | 19.5% | 0.4% | 5.4% |
Electoral history
Year | Election | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | City Council of Tehran | Lost | |||
2000 | Parliament | 280,046 | 9.55 | 68th | Lost |
2005 | President | 5,711,696 | 19.43 | 2nd | Went to run-off |
President run off | 17,284,782 | 61.69 | 1st | Won | |
2009 | President | 24,527,516 | 62.63 | 1st | Won |
2017 | President | — | Disqualified | ||
2021 | President | — | Disqualified |
Personal life
Ahmadinejad is married, and has one daughter and two sons.[247] His elder son married a daughter of Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei in 2008.[248][249]
Supporters of Ahmadinejad consider him a simple man who leads a modest life.
See also
- 2006 Iranian sumptuary law controversy
- Advisors to the president: Hamid Mowlana, Mohammad-Ali Ramin, Ali Akbar Javanfekr
- Ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi
- Politics of Iran
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel
- Electoral history of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
- Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration
References
- ^ "Ex-Iranian President appointed to new post". Azernews.az. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Smith, Matt (16 May 2011). "Ahmadinejad losing ground in Iran power struggle, analysts say". CNN. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
- ^ Milani, Abbas (3 August 2009). "Inside The Civil War That's Threatening The Iranian Regime". The New Republic. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
- ^ "New Mayor of Tehran appointed". Hamshahri (in Persian). No. 3055. 21 May 2003.
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Notes
- ^ At the time, Revolutionary Guards rejected official ranks for its members and commanders were simply referred to with honorifics such as "brother" or "pasdar" (guard).[9]
- Izāfa, which is a grammatical marker linking two words together. It is not indicated in writing, and is not part of the name itself, but is pronounced in Persian language when a first and last name are used together.
- ^ Kasra Naji says that the name was 'Sabaghian,' which means 'dye-masters' in Persian.[42]
- ^ In 2009, some media reports claimed that Sabourjian is a common Iranian Jewish name, and that Sabor is the name for the Jewish tallit (prayer shawl) in Persia.[43] Meir Javedanfar, a blogger at The Guardian, disputed this claim, citing experts.[44]
Further reading
- Encyclopedia of World Biography: Supplement #27 (Thomson-Gale, 2007) pp 7–9
- ISBN 978-0-316-32394-9
- "Referral of Iranian President Ahmadinejad on the Charge of Incitement to Commit Genocide" by Justus Reid Weiner, Esq., with Amb. Meir Rosenne, Prof. Elie Wiesel, Amb. Dore Gold, Irit Kohn, Adv., Amb. Eytan Bentsur, and MK Dan Naveh
- Ali Rahnema, Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad, Cambridge University Press, 2011 (Reviewed in The Montréal Review) ISBN 978-0-521-18221-8
External links
- Blog of Former President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
- Biography Archived 1 December 2007 at the CIDOB Foundation
- Video Archive of Ahmadinejad during his presidency at Irannegah.com
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Twitter
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Telegram
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Instagram
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad at IMDb
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at Ha'aretz
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The Jerusalem Post
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- People Who Mattered: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Time, 16 December 2006
- The Results As They Came In, Andrew Sullivan, The Atlantic, 13 June 2009