Berberis nevinii
Berberis nevinii | |
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ESA ) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales |
Family: | Berberidaceae |
Genus: | Berberis |
Species: | B. nevinii
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Binomial name | |
Berberis nevinii A.Gray | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Berberis nevinii (syn. Mahonia nevinii, Odostemon nevinii[2]), known by the common name Nevin's barberry, is a species of flowering shrub in the barberry family.
This plant is endemic to southern California, where it is known from very few occurrences in the riparian areas of chaparral in inland canyons and foothills. It is a California state and United States federally listed endangered species, since 1987[3] and 1998,[4][5] respectively. There are thought to be about 500 individuals remaining, with half of those being naturally occurring plants.[6] It is also cultivated in gardens and parks as an ornamental and barrier plant.[7][8]
Description
Berberis nevinii is an erect,
Taxonomy
Taxonomic history
The plant was first described by American botanist Asa Gray, in 1895, named in of honor fellow botanist, Reverend Joseph Cook Nevin (1835-1912), who was active in China and Southern California, particularly in the Channel Islands.[1][10] It was later described in 1901 by Fedde and Engel as Mahonia nevinii.[1][11] Gray's original description for the plant was the following:
Berbericidae, Berberis. B. Nevinii, Gray, n. sp. Leaflets 3 to 7,
Berberis fascicularisbeing limited to the Mexican species, which seems distinguishable from the Californian B. pinnata by its more numerous, more acuminate, and less shining leaflets.
Though debate between botanists on the correct classification continues in the 21st Century, as of 2023 the most common place ment of the species is again in Berberis as Berberis nevinii.[1][22][13]
Distribution and habitat
Populations were historically found in washes of the
There are currently about 21 known populations of the plant remaining, and almost all of them have fewer than 20 individuals, with some with as few as 5 individual plants.
Threats to the species include habitat loss due to destruction, fragmentation of existing populations due to road-widening, degradation from urban development, off-road vehicle use, horseback riding, modified fire regimes, gold extraction activities, biocides,[9] and displacement by exotic plant species, such as Spanish broom.[25][27][9] Additionally, it appears that the plant does not seed easily or frequently, which means that the community does not regenerate as quickly as competing species; the single individual at Dripping Springs successfully reproduced 56 years after it was initially documented.
Cultivation
Berberis nevinii is cultivated as a
It can serve as an impenetrable barrier hedge, due to the spiny-toothed dense foliage. With berries appearing in the summer, earlier/later than other chaparral plants, it is an attractive bird food plant.[23] The plant was introduced into cultivation in California by Theodore Payne in the 1920s.[23][26]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Berberis nevinii A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ Contributions from the Department of Botany of Columbia University. 1911.
- ^ https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=109390&inlineState of California, Natural Resources Agency, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Biogeographic Data Branch, California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) (2018). State and Federally Listed Endangered, Threatened, and rare plants of California.
- ^ U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1998). Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered or Threatened Status for Three Plants from the Chaparral and Scrub of Southwestern California, Federal Register, vol. 63, no. 197, pp. 54956-54971.
- ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Berberis nevinii". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
- ^ Heineman, Katherine. "Plant Profile • Center for Plant Conservation". Center for Plant Conservation. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
- ^ Wilson, Bert (Apr 12, 2013). "Mahonia nevinii, Nevin's Barberry". Las Pilitas Nursery. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- ^ "Oak Woodland Plant List" (PDF). Descanso Gardens. Retrieved Feb 1, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project (TRTP): Environmental Impact Statement. 2010.
- ISBN 9781420003222.
- ^ a b c Abrams, LeRoy (1910). "A Phytoseographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern California Trees and Shrubs". Bulletin Of The New York Botanical Garden. 6 (21). Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Lancaster Press: 359–360. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ Gray, Asa (1895–1897). Synoptical flora of North America. Vol. v.1 pt.1 (1895-1897). New York: American Book Company.
- ^ a b Whittemore, Alan T. (5 November 2020). "Berberis nevinii - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ Loconte, H., & J. R. Estes. 1989. Phylogenetic systematics of Berberidaceae and Ranunculales (Magnoliidae). Systematic Botany 14:565-579.
- ^ Marroquín, Jorge S., & Joseph E. Laferrière. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from Mahonia to Berberis. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 30(1):53-55.
- ^ Laferrière, Joseph E. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from Mahonia to Berberis. Bot. Zhurn. 82(9):96-99.
- ^ "CNPS Inventory Plant Detail". www.rareplants.cnps.org. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
- ^ California, Geological Survey of (1880). Polypetalae, by W.H. Brewer and Sereno Watson. Gamopetalae, by Asa Gray. 2d (rev.) ed. John Wilson and Son.
- ^ a b Wickson, Edward James (1909). California fruits and how to grow them. Pacific Rural Press.
- ISBN 9789875080096.
- ^ Hooker, sir William Jackson (1833). Botanical miscellany. Vol.1-3. [afterw.] The Journal of botany. pt.1, vol.2-4 [afterw.] The London journal of botany. Vol.1-7 [afterw.] Hooker's journal of botany and Kew garden miscellany. Vol.1-9. [Ed.] by W.J. Hooker.
- ^ "Berberis nevinii A.Gray". World Flora Online. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e California Natives Wiki: Berberis nevinii — Theodore Payne Foundation . accessed 7.8.2012.
- ^ "Nevin's Barberry, Berberis nevinii". calscape.org. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
- ^ a b c The Nature Conservancy
- ^ a b "Berberis nevinii, Nevin Barberry, Shrub, [Mahonia nevinii, Odostemon nevinii]". San Marcos Growers. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
- ^ a b "Berberis nevinii, Nevin's barberry". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2019-02-05.