Majuro
Majuro | |
---|---|
Top: Marshall Islands Capitol Building; Middle: Enek Island, Amata Kabua International Airport; Bottom: Alele Museum, Majuro coastline | |
UTC+12 (MHT) | |
Native languages | Marshallese |
Majuro (
Majuro has been inhabited by humans for at least 2,000 years and was first settled by the
The main population center,
Geography
Majuro Atoll consists of over 60 islands, three of which are larger than 0.5 km2 (0.2 sq mi).
Climate
Being slightly north of the
Climate data for Majuro (Marshall Islands International Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 92 (33) |
91 (33) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
92 (33) |
96 (36) |
94 (34) |
90 (32) |
93 (34) |
93 (34) |
91 (33) |
96 (36) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 87.7 (30.9) |
88.0 (31.1) |
88.1 (31.2) |
88.0 (31.1) |
88.5 (31.4) |
88.5 (31.4) |
88.8 (31.6) |
88.8 (31.6) |
89.1 (31.7) |
89.2 (31.8) |
89.0 (31.7) |
88.2 (31.2) |
90.0 (32.2) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 85.7 (29.8) |
85.9 (29.9) |
86.0 (30.0) |
86.1 (30.1) |
86.3 (30.2) |
86.3 (30.2) |
86.6 (30.3) |
86.7 (30.4) |
86.9 (30.5) |
86.8 (30.4) |
86.0 (30.0) |
86.5 (30.3) |
86.3 (30.2) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 81.9 (27.7) |
82.0 (27.8) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.4 (28.0) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.4 (28.0) |
82.5 (28.1) |
82.6 (28.1) |
82.5 (28.1) |
82.3 (27.9) |
82.2 (27.9) |
82.3 (27.9) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 78.1 (25.6) |
78.0 (25.6) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.4 (25.8) |
78.1 (25.6) |
78.2 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.2 (25.7) |
78.1 (25.6) |
78.3 (25.7) |
78.2 (25.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 74.9 (23.8) |
74.5 (23.6) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.9 (23.8) |
75.0 (23.9) |
75.0 (23.9) |
74.9 (23.8) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.6 (23.7) |
74.6 (23.7) |
74.4 (23.6) |
74.8 (23.8) |
72.6 (22.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | 69 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
71 (22) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
68 (20) |
70 (21) |
68 (20) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 8.24 (209) |
7.62 (194) |
8.65 (220) |
11.12 (282) |
10.71 (272) |
11.10 (282) |
10.96 (278) |
11.18 (284) |
12.60 (320) |
13.79 (350) |
13.41 (341) |
11.88 (302) |
131.26 (3,334) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 19.6 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 23.0 | 22.9 | 24.1 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 258.6 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
77.7 | 77.1 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 81.9 | 81.1 | 80.5 | 79.3 | 79.4 | 79.4 | 79.9 | 79.7 | 79.6 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 73.2 (22.9) |
73.4 (23.0) |
74.1 (23.4) |
74.7 (23.7) |
75.6 (24.2) |
75.0 (23.9) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.7 (23.7) |
74.8 (23.8) |
74.5 (23.6) |
74.5 (23.6) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 224.4 | 218.6 | 252.8 | 219.4 | 224.8 | 210.8 | 217.0 | 232.2 | 217.8 | 205.4 | 191.4 | 197.4 | 2,612 |
Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 66 | 67 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 61 | 60 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 59 |
Source: |
History
The atoll has been inhabited for at least 2,000 years
Protestant missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions established a church and school on atoll in 1869.[13] By 1876, agents of the firms Capelle & Co., Hernsheim & Co., and Thomas Farrell were engaged in the copra trade on Majuro.[14] After buying out Thomas Farrell's interests in 1877, New Zealand-based copra firm Henderson & Macfarlane had its regional headquarters on Majuro.[15]
Rival iroij Jebrik and Rimi fought waged war against each other for several years in the late 1870s and 1880s. Their uncle Lerok, the previous iroijlaplap of Majuro had wanted them to divide the atoll between them when he died, but Jebrik began a war for sole control. At least 10 islanders died in the conflict; the destruction of trees and crops caused a serious food shortage; and a slowdown in copra production caused Jebrik to take on debt for his war effort. In 1883, Cyprian Bridge of the passing British warship HMS Espiegle mediated a peace treaty. The fighting never resumed, but when HMS Dart passed Majuro in 1884, Rimi was trying to persuade the iroij of Aur Atoll to join him in an attack on Jebrik. The British commander mediated peace and warned the iroij of Aur to stay out of the conflict. The commander of the Dart threatened to fine copra traders who had been selling weapons to the islanders, but some traders continued selling weapons in spite of the prohibition, and the residents of Majuro refused to give up their firearms after the war between Jebrik and Rimi ended, because they feared invasion by neighboring islanders.[16]
The German Empire claimed Majuro Atoll as part of the German Protectorate of the Marshall Islands in 1885.[17] As with the rest of the Marshalls, Majuro was captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1914 during World War I and mandated to the Empire of Japan by the League of Nations in 1920. The island then became a part of the Japanese mandated territory of the South Seas Mandate; although the Japanese had established a government in the Mandate, local affairs were mostly left in the hands of traditional local leaders until the start of World War II.
On January 30, 1944, United States Armed Forces invaded, but found that Japanese forces had evacuated their fortifications to
Following World War II, Majuro came under the control of the United States as part of the
The island was also the site of the Majuro Declaration, a declaration by the Pacific Islands Forum signed on September 5, 2013, to make a unified action on climate change adaptation and international aid.[21]
Demographics
The major population centers are the D–U–D communities: the islets of Delap–Uliga–Djarrit (listed from south to north, on the eastern edge of the atoll).[20] Majuro had a population of 23,156 at the 2021 census.[22]
Religion
Most of the population is Christian.
Islamic influence has been increasing. There are a sizable number of Ahmadi Muslims.[6] The first mosque opened in Majuro in September 2012.[25]
There are also LDS churches, Baptist churches, and Jehovah's Witnesses.[20][26]
Ethnic composition
Ethnicity[27] | Number (2021)[28] | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Marshallese
|
21,359 | 93.4% |
Filipino | 375 | 1.6% |
I-Kiribati
|
278 | 1.2% |
American | 227 | 1.0% |
Fijian | 161 | 0.7% |
Chinese[29] | 119 | 0.5% |
Micronesian | 79 | 0.4% |
Tuvaluan | 78 | 0.3% |
Solomon Islander | 40 | 0.2% |
Japanese | 30 | 0.1% |
Other | 127 | 0.6% |
Total | 22,873 | 100% |
Economy
Majuro's economy is driven by the
On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry, of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands' capital of Majuro, said power authorities, private companies and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as an alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra from 6 to 10 coconuts makes 1 litre of oil.[30]
Air Marshall Islands has its headquarters in Majuro.[31]
Education
Colleges and universities
The
Primary and secondary schools
Marshall Islands Public School System operates public schools.
High schools:[32]
- The Marshall Islands High School is near the north end of Majuro.
- Laura High School
- Life Skills Academy
Primary schools:[33]
- Ajeltake Elementary School
- Delap Elementary School
- DUD Kindergarten
- Ejit Elementary School
- Laura Elementary School
- Long Island Elementary School
- Majuro Middle School
- Rairok Elementary School
- Rita Elementary School
- Uliga Elementary School
- Woja Maj. Elementary School
- Carl Kuli Lobat. Elementary School
In the 1994–1995 school year Majuro had 10 private elementary schools and six private high schools.[34]
There is a Seventh Day Adventist High School and Elementary School in Delap, where English is taught to all students.[35]
Health
The 101-bed Majuro Hospital (officially the Leroij Atama Zedkeia Medical Center) is the main hospital for Majuro, as well as many of the outer islands.[36][37] The country's only other major hospital is on Ebeye Island, the Leroij Kitlang Memorial Health Center.[36][26] As of 2015, most of the 43 physicians employed by the Marshall Islands were located at the Majuro Hospital. The Laura and Rongrong Health Centers are also located on the atoll of Majuro.[36]
Infrastructure
Water and sewage
The Majuro Water and Sewer Company obtains water from a
Transport
Air
Marshall Islands International Airport, offering domestic and international services, is on Majuro. It is served by four passenger airlines: United Airlines, Nauru Airlines, Air Marshall Islands, and Asia Pacific Airlines.[39]
Air Marshall Islands flies to most of the Marshalls' inhabited atolls once a week.
Sea
Majuro Lagoon is an active port. It is one of the busiest tuna transshipment ports in the world, with 306,796 tons of tuna being moved from purse seine vessels to carrier vessels in 2018.[42]
The Marshall Islands Shipping Corporation was established by the Marshall Islands via the Marshall Islands Shipping Corporation Act 2004.[43] It manages several government ships that move people and freight around the islands. These ships include three older ships (Langidrik, Aemman, and Ribuuk Ae), as well as two newer ships (Majuro, Kwajalein) which were donated to the Republic of the Marshall Islands by Japan in 2013.[44] They also operate a landing craft (Jelejeletae).[citation needed] These vessels are the main link for transporting people and supplies to and from the outer islands.[citation needed]
Additionally, the
Sport
Majuro was initially scheduled to host the seventh edition of the Micronesian Games, in 2010. It subsequently renounced its hosting rights, citing a lack of adequate infrastructure.[45][46] In 2018, the Marshall Islands were awarded the 2022 Micro Games,[47] and a new stadium is being built in Majuro. (In 2021, it was decided to move back the Games a year, to 2023.[48]) The new stadium is also expected to host soccer matches, which will be a first step in forming the Marshall Islands' first-ever national soccer team.
Weightlifter Mattie Langtor Sasser competed for the Marshall Islands in the 2016 Summer Olympics, participating in the Women's 58 kg category on August 8.[49]
Twin towns
Majuro is
- Inalåhan, Guam, United States, since 1973
- Kawai, Nara, Japan
- Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan), since 1999[50]
- Basco, Philippines
- Luganville, Vanuatu
- Weno, Micronesia
- Tamuning, Guam, United States
- Tarawa, Kiribati
- Honiara, Solomon Islands
- Nuku'alofa, Tonga
References
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- ^ "Majuro Marshall Islands International Airport (MAJ) Routes - Destinations | Airportia". www.airportia.com. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
- S2CID 24186925. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
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- ^ "One Meter Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016 - ScienceBase-Catalog". www.sciencebase.gov. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ a b c "V73XP - Majuro Atoll - Marshall Islands - News". dxnews.com. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "CHAPTER TWO—PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION" (PDF). www.eastwestcenter.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Majuro WBAS AP, MH RM". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for Majuro, PI 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
- ^ "The Natural history of Enewetak Atoll". Internet Archive. Oak Ridge, Tenn. : U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Ecological Research Division. 1987. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ^ Weisler, Marshall I. (2000). "Burial Artifacts from the Marshall Islands: Description, Dating and Evidence for Extra-archipelago Contacts" (PDF). Micronesica. 33 (1/2): 114. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
- ISBN 9780824816438.
- ISBN 9780824816438.
- ISBN 9780824816438.
- ISBN 9780824816438.
- ISBN 9780824828042.
- ^ "Eastern Mandates". army.mil. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- Republic of the Marshall Islands. Archived from the originalon February 2, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Australia - Oceania :: Marshall Islands — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
- ^ "Forum Communiqué: Forty-Fourth Pacific Islands Forum, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands (PIFS(13))" (PDF). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. September 5, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- ^ "Republic of the Marshall Islands 2021 Census Report, Volume 1: Basic Tables and Administrative Report" (PDF). Pacific Community (SPC): Statistics for Development Division. Pacific Community. May 30, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
- ^ a b c "Marshall Islands". Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ "Cathedral of the Assumption". GCatholic.org. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
- ^ First Mosque opens up in Marshall Islands by Radio New Zealand International, September 21, 2012
- ^ a b "Marshall Islands" (PDF). www.imr.ptc.ac.fj. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ Although some of these labels do not refer to ethnic groups in the strict sense, this is the way ethnicity is defined in Marshallese census reports. It is not the same category as citizenship which is covered in a separate set of tables.
- ^ "Marshall Islands 2021 Census Report Basic Tables". Statistics for Development Division. May 30, 2023.
- ^ The figure for Marshall Islands residents of Chinese ethnicity includes those labeled as "China, PRC" and "Taiwan, ROC".
- ^ "Pacific Islands look to coconut power to fuel future growth". Archived from the original on January 13, 2008.
- ^ "Contact Information Archived 2010-03-28 at the Wayback Machine." Air Marshall Islands. Retrieved October 6, 2010. "Headquarters P.O. Box 1319 Majuro, MH 96960."
- ^ "Secondary Schools Division Archived 2018-02-21 at the Wayback Machine." Marshall Islands Public School System. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ^ "Public Schools Archived 2018-02-21 at the Wayback Machine." Marshall Islands Public School System. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ISBN 1134200226, 9781134200221. p. 127.
- ^ SSD Archived 2012-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c "Marshall Islands - 2021 - III.B. Overview of the State". Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ^ "Health System Profile - Marshall Islands". cdc.gov. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ^ Peter Meligard (December 28, 2015). "Perishing of Thirst In A Pacific Paradise". Huffington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ^ "Airlines Serving the Marshall Islands - RMIPA". Republic of the Marshall Islands Ports Authority. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ^ "Air Marshall Islands". airmarshallislands.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ^ Air Marshall Islands Archived 2013-09-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority Annual Report FY2018" (PDF). Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ "Marshall Islands Shipping Corporation Act 2004" (PDF). Nitijela: The Parliament of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ "Government Ships". Marshall Islands Guide. October 12, 2015. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ "Scaled down Micro Games in 2010" Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, Jon Perez, Saipan Tribune, April 9, 2008
- Radio New Zealand International. May 8, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ "Sport: Marshall Islands to host 2022 Micronesian Games". Radio New Zealand. July 31, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "Micronesian Games pushed back a year". Radio New Zealand. November 6, 2021.
- ^ "Mattie Sasser is lifted by Rio experience. - Marshall Islands National Olympic Committee". SportsTG. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ^ "Taipei - International Sister Cities". Taipei City Council. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
External links
- Marshall Islands site
- Entry at Oceandots.com at the Wayback Machine (archived December 23, 2010)
- Recent photos of the rural portions of Majuro
- World War II photos of Majuro
- Battle of Kwajalein and Enewetak Archived 2013-09-22 at the Wayback Machine