Malawian Defence Force

Malawian Defence Force
Coat of arms of Malawi
Service branches	Malawi Army Maritime Force[1] Malawi Air Force
Headquarters	Kamazu Barracks, Lilongwe
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief and Minister of Defence	Lazarus Chakwera
Commander of the Defence Force	Paul Valentino Phiri
Personnel
Military age	18
Active personnel	25,500
Expenditures
Budget	$70 million (FY00/01)
Percent of GDP	0.76% (FY00/01)
Industry
Foreign suppliers	France Russia United Kingdom United States
Related articles
History	Mozambican Civil War Operation Bwezani M23 Rebellion ADF Insurgency
Ranks	Military ranks of Malawi

The Malawi Defence Force^[2] is the state military organisation responsible for defending Malawi. It originated from elements of the British King's African Rifles, colonial units formed before independence in 1964.

The military is organized under the purview of the Ministry of Defence.

Malawi Army

Before independence, Malawi depended for its military supplies on the barracks in

In 1970 the International Institute for Strategic Studies listed the Army as comprising one infantry battalion [1 MR at Zomba] and supporting services, having a strength of 1,150.[9]

Malawi was allied with Portugal during the Mozambican War of Independence (1964–74), and the Malawi Army consequently cooperated with the Portuguese Army to secure the Mozambican-Malawian border and arrest FRELIMO rebels. Following FRELIMO's victory and the independence of Mozambique, several Portuguese colonial secret police agents as well as FRELIMO deserters joined the Malawi Army.^[10]

Gurkha officer John "Johnny" Clements was advanced to Acting Brigadier in May 1971, and commanded the Malawi Army until September 1972.^[11] Thereupon the Army's first black commander, Brigadier Graciano Matewere was appointed. Hastings Banda promoted Matewere instantly to Major General after the resolution of the South African Airways hijacking in Blantyre in 1972.^[12] Matewere was retired by Banda in 1980 and died in 2001.^[13]

Declassified Defense Intelligence Agency reporting from 1985 states that "there is also a military college [likely the Kamuzu Military College, at Salima that is probably one of the finest, most efficiently organized, and operated military training schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. [It] conducts recruit training, numerous enlisted courses, officer cadet courses, [a] platoon leader course, company commanders course (sic), communications courses, NCO courses, a catering course, and will add a staff officers course in the future."^[14] The same source listed the Army Commander as General Melvin Khanga, with the deputy commander, Lieutenant General Issac Yohane, and the Director of Training Major General Wilfred Mponela.

Transition to democracy

In 1992-93, the army played a vital role in dismantling the dictatorship of

There were public demonstrations in support of the bishops - notably at the University in Blantyre and Zomba, where soldiers indicated their support for the students and deterred violent police action against the protesters. This was the first sign of the army's future political role. In May 1992 student protesters were joined by striking workers in Blantyre. In two days of riots dozens of protesters were killed by armed police and Young Pioneers.^[16][17]

In December 1992:

..the army intervened to disarm the MYP forcibly. A bar-room argument in ..Mzuzu ended with Young Pioneers shooting two soldiers dead. The middle-ranking and junior officers effectively mutinied against the army commander, General Isaac Yohane, attacking the Ministry of Youth and other MYP installations in Lilongwe, as well as looting the MCP headquarters. The army then moved into MYP bases throughout the country.^[16]

The operation was called "Bwezani" which means "taking back" or "returning". This event was vital in the history of the Malawi Army.^[15]

Twenty-first century

In July 2004 General Joseph Chimbayo was succeeded by Marko Chiziko. In 2011 General Chiziko was succeeded by Henry Odillo as MDF Commander.^{[citation needed]}

On 5 April 2012 when President

After Peter Mutharika became President in 2014, he replaced the Defence Force commander four times in six years.^[22] On August 4, 2014, General Henry Odillo handed over to General Ignaious Maulana, the former Chief of Military Operations.^[23] In July–August 2016, General Maulana was replaced by his former deputy Griffin Supuni-Phiri.^[24] Another change occurred in 2019.^[25] In March 2020, General Vincent Nundwe, who had won praise for the army's handling of six months of protests over Mutharika's election victory in the 2019 Malawian general elections, was dismissed and replaced by Major General Andrew Lapken Namathanga, the former Air Force commander. Six months later, the new President, Lazarus Chakwera, reinstated Nundwe.^[26]

On 14 November 2018, during FIB Rotation VI, an officer, sergeant, corporal, and three soldiers of the MDF were killed in action in the Congo.^[27]

Armoured fighting vehicles

Artillery

Air Force

The Malawi Air Force was established with German help in 1976 with the delivery of six single-engined Dornier Do 27s and eight Do 28 light twins in 1976-1980. Also in the same era the air force received an Alouette III, an AS 350 and an AS 355 Ecureuil, as well as three SA 330 H/L Puma Helicopters from France. A single BAe 125-800 was delivered in 1986. Four Dornier 228 light twin turbo props were acquired between 1986 and 1989 in part to allow disposal of the older Dornier products. In 1990 two Douglas C-47 with PT6A turboprops were delivered from the US.

Current aircraft

Retired aircraft

Previous aircraft that have been placed in storage or removed from service include the

As a landlocked country, Malawi has a very small Navy with no sizeable military craft. Malawi's naval force only operates on Lake Malawi and is based at Monkey Bay. The Malawi Navy was organized in the early 1970s, with the help of the Navy of Portugal that ceded part of its boats of the Nyassa Flotilla operating from the then Portuguese province of Mozambique.^[32] In some cases, the gunboats of the Malawian Navy were initially crewed by Portuguese.^[10] In 2007, the navy had 220 personnel,^[32] and operated the following vessels:

• Patrol boats
  • 1
    Namacurra-class harbour patrol boat (P 704 Kaning'a, formerly Y 1520), transferred from South Africa in 1988^[32]
  • 1 Antares-class patrol boat (P 703 Kasungu, formerly Chikala), out of service since 1993[32]
• Service craft
  • 1 unknown-type
    Landing Craft Mechanized (P 702 Chikoko I), date of entry into service unknown^[32]
  • 12 Buccaneer Inflatables Buccaneer Legend-type
    rigid-hulled inflatable launches, in service since 1993^[32]

• Nyasaland in World War II
• Malawi Armed Forces College FC
• Kamuzu Barracks FC, Lilongwe

Notes