Malerkotla State
Malerkotla State | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1454–1948 | |||||||||
Motto: Heaven's Light Our Guide Absolute Monarchy | |||||||||
Nawab of Malerkotla | |||||||||
• 1657 - 1659 | Muhammad Bayazid Khan (First) | ||||||||
• 1710 or 1712 - 1717 | Ghulam Hussain Khan | ||||||||
• 1717 - 1762 | Jamal Khan | ||||||||
• 1762 - 1763/64 | Bhikan Khan | ||||||||
• 23 August 1908 – 15 August 1947 | Ahmad Ali Khan (Last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1454 | ||||||||
15 August 1947 1948 | |||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• | 77,506 | ||||||||
|
The State of Malerkotla or Maler Kotla was established by Maharaja of
The State of Malerkotla was included in the
of Maler Kotla from Tenure.
History
Origins
State of Malerkotla or Area known as Maler was established as a city by Maharaja of
Local tradition says that
The descendants of Sheikh Sadruddin branched into two groups. One started ruling the state and were given the title of Nawab when the Mughal Empire arose.[3] The other branch lived around the Shrine of Shaikh Sadruddin, controlling its revenue from pilgrims.[3]
17th century
The State of Malerkotla was established in 1657 by Bayazid Khan. After saving the life of
18th century
The roots of communal harmony in the area date back to 1705, when
Nawab Bikhan Khan had assisted the Durranis and participated in Vadda Ghulaghara genocide of Sikhs on 5 February 1762.[4]
In 1795, Sahib Singh Bedi, a descendant of Guru Nanak, attacked Malerkotla, in part due to the issue of cow slaughter taking place in the city as well as other motivations influencing the expedition including the role of the nawab in the killing of a relative of Guru Gobind, as well as the contemporary nawab's ostensible role in the Vadda Ghallugura- a massacre in which twenty five thousand Sikhs were said to have been killed. His forces were stopped and repelled, with assistance coming from the rulers of Patiala.
The state was also under the suzeranity of Mahadaji Shinde.[citation needed]
19th century
In 1808, Ranjit Singh, arrived at the town and demanded an extortionate tribute of one million rupees from the state. Upon the nawab's inability to accumulate this wealth, Ranjit Singh attacked, forcing the nawab to take loans from wealthier Sikh neighbors to pay the due. The nawab subsequently appealed to the British and shortly after ceded to British suzerainty.[5][6] On 3 May 1809 Maler Kotla became a British protectorate and was made part of the Cis-Sutlej states until 1862. Malerkotla ranked 12th in the Punjab Darbar in 1890.
Partition of India
During the
Post-independence
Following
List of rulers
Chiefs
The chiefs were the holders of the jagir of Maler.
Name | Reign Began | Reign Ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Sheikh Sadruddin (b. 1434 - d. 1515) | 1454 | 1508 |
2 | Sheikh Muhammad Isa (d. 1538)
|
1508 | 1538 |
3 | Khan Muhammad Shah (d. 1545) | 1538 | 1545 |
4 | Khan Muhammad Ishaq Khan (d. 1556) | 1545 | 1556 |
5 | Khan Fateh Muhammad Khan (d. 1600) | 1556 | 1600 |
6 | Muhammad Bayazid Khan Bahadur (b. 1593 - d. 1659) | 1600 | 1657 |
Rulers
The rulers were titled 'Nawab'. They had the right to an 11 gun salute.
Name | Reign Began | Reign Ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Muhammad Bayazid Khan Bahadur (b. 1593 - d. 1659) | 1657 | 1659 |
2 | Feroz Khan (b. 1616 - d. 1672) | 1659 | 1672 |
3 | Sher Muhammad Khan Bahadur (b. 1640 - d. 1710 or 1712) | 1672 | 1710 or 1712[10] |
4 | Ghulam Hussain Khan (d. 1734) | 1710 or 1712 | 1717 |
5 | Jamal Khan (d. 1762) | 1717 | 1762 |
6 | Bhikan Khan (d. 1763/64) | 1762 | 1763/64 |
Khan Sahib Khan Bahadur Khan (d. 1766) - Regent | 1764 | 1766 | |
7 | Khan Sahib Umar Khan (d. 1780) | 1766 | 1 November 1780 |
8 | Khan Sahib Asadullah Khan (d. 1784) | 1 November 1780 | Apr 1784 |
9 | Khan Sahib Ataullah Khan (d. 1809) | Apr 1784 | 14 August 1809 |
10 | Muhammad Wazir Ali Khan (b. 17.. - d. 1821) | 14 August 1809 | 4 September 1821 |
11 | Amir Ali Khan Bahadur (d. 1846) | 4 September 1821 | 8 April 1846 |
12 | Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur (d. 1857) "Sube Khan" | 8 April 1846 | 25 November 1857 |
13 | Sikandar Ali Khan Bahadur (d. 1871) | 25 November 1857 | 16 July 1871 |
14 | Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan (b. 1857 - d. 1908) | 16 July 1871 | 23 August 1908 |
Sir Ahmad Ali Khan Regent | 1 February 1905 | 23 August 1908 | |
15 | Ahmad Ali Khan (b. 1881 - d. 1947) – Acceded to the Dominion of India | 23 August 1908 | 15 August 1947 |
Titular Rulers
Name | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Iftikhar Ali Khan (d. 1982) | 15 August 1947 | 20 November 1982 | Retained official recognition until 1971 under the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India by Indira Gandhi's government. |
List of rulers
Rulers
The rulers were titled 'Maharaja'. They had the right to an 11 gun salute.
Name | Term Began | Term Ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Maharaja of Maler Kotla, 'Parmar Rajputs' | - | 1454 |
2 | Maler Kotla State Council | 1 February 1905 | - |
3 | Maler Kotla State Council | 1947 | - |
4 | Maler Kotla State Council with S Parmar | 2024 | - |
Demographics
Religion
Religion | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Islam | 33,881 | 38.45% |
Sikhism | 30,320 | 34.41% |
Hinduism [a] | 23,482 | 26.65% |
Christianity | 115 | 0.13% |
Others[b] | 311 | 0.35% |
Total Population | 88,109 | 100% |
See also
- Malerkotla
- Malerkotla district
- Punjab States Agency
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
- Patiala and East Punjab States Union
Notes
- ^ Including Ad-Dharmis
- ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
References
- ^ The motto of the Order of the Star of India
- ^ The Tribune. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Study of the Pathan Communities in four States of India". Khyber. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Singh, Harbans. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Vol. 4: S-Z. Punjabi University, Patiala. pp. 395–397.
- ISBN 978-0-19-982773-2.
- ISBN 978-0-19-536823-9.
- ^ A people's gratitude Archived 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Sikh Review, Issue No. 14, November 2003
- ISBN 978-0-8026-0761-4.
- The Tribune. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ Singh, Ganda (1935). Life Of Banda Singh Bahadur Based On Contemporary And Original Records. The Sikh History Research Dettart^pjpnt, Khalsa College, AmritsaiS. p. 64. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 17 January 2023.
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maler Kotla". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 487.
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