Malhun

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Malhun, a popular poetic and musical art
CountryMorocco
Reference01592
RegionArab States
Inscription history
Inscription2023 (18th session)
ListRepresentative

Malhun (

ALA-LC: al-malḥūn), meaning "the melodic poem", is a form of music that originated in Morocco.[1] It is a kind of urban, sung poetry that comes from the exclusively masculine working-class milieu of craftsmen's guilds. On 6 December 2023, malhun was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of Morocco.[2][3]

Origins

The mǝlḥun first emerged as a pure literary creation, as a poetic genre today known in

Tafilalet oases of southern Morocco in the fifteenth century before it spread to other parts of the Maghreb.[1]

The Mal’aba of

Marinid dynasty era (14th century). The Mal’aba describes the union's attempt of the Maghreb by the sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman. Written in Moroccan Arabic, it represents the origins of the modern Malhun. Ibn Khaldun mentions it at the end of his Muqaddimah as one of the main lyrical epics of the art called "Mala'ib" (ملاعب).[citation needed
]

Music

The qasida (qṣīda in Moroccan Arabic) of the malhun is based on two essential elements: the overtures preceding it and the parts of which it is composed: aqsam (Arabic: الأقسام) verses sung solo interrupted by the harba refrain (meaning launch) (Arabic: الحربة). Harba, the origin of which goes back to the 16th century, is a refrain taken up between the verses. Another refrain called drīdka (Arabic: الدريدكة) is a simplified form of the harba, taking off from an accelerated rhythm to announce the end of a qasida.[4]

Famous figures

Among the former authors of melhun, there is

Thami Midaghri.[5]

In modern days, prominent figures include

Haj Houcine Toulali (1924-1998), Fatima Hadad,,[7] and Zohra Al Fassiya.[8] Fatima Hadad started an association in 2004 named Jawg Huwwat fann al-malhun for enthusiasts of Malhun.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^
  2. ^ "UNESCO lists Morocco's 'Malhoun' as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity". HESPRESS English - Morocco News. 2023-12-06. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  3. ^ "UNESCO - Malhun, a popular poetic and musical art". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  4. ^ Farid Ababou, "Thami Mdaghri", in Horizons Maghrébins, n° 43 (2000), pp 50–55
  5. .
  6. ^ Saïd El Meftahi, Houssein Toulali, le chantre du Melhoun, ou une vie entière dédiée à l'Art, yabiladi.com, Oct. 13th 2005
  7. ^ Siham Jadraoui, Hommage à la grande chanteuse Zohra El Fassia, Aujourd'hui Le Maroc, Oct. 12th 2009 (archive on maghress.com)
  8. ^ colaborador. "Fatima Hadad (1969)". Biografias de Mulheres Africanas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-09-16.

External links

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