Mali–Niger border

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Map of the Mali-Niger border

The Mali–Niger border is 828 km (520 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the west to the tripoint with Algeria in the east.[1]

Description

Beginning at the tripoint with Burkina Faso, the border proceeds in an irregular line eastwards, cutting across the

Sahara desert
in the northern stretches.

History

The border first emerged during the

Gao and Niamey on 26 August 1909.[3] It appears that for about year from 1910 to 1911 the town of Gao was included within Niger.[3] The Niger military territory was split off from Upper Senegal and Niger in 1911, becoming a separate colony in 1922. The Mali-Niger boundary was further delimited in 1928-29 and 1937–38, being finalised at a convention in Niamey on 3 April 1939.[3][2]

As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-

Federation of Mali with Senegal) and Niger were granted full independence and their mutual frontier became an international one between two independent states.[3] A joint protocol between the two new states on 27 February 1962 confirmed their mutual boundary as per the 1939 convention.[3]
Security along the boundary has been poor for many years, owing to the
Northern Mali conflict and associated Islamist-inspired violence.[6][7][8]

Settlements

Mali

Niger

Border crossings

There is a road crossing in the far west of the border connecting Ansongo (Mali) to Ayourou (Niger).[9] Further east lies the border crossing at Andéramboukane (Mali). The border can also be traversed via boat along the river Niver.[9] Travel to the border region is discouraged by third party governments owing to the high incidence of kidnap and criminality, and the ongoing instability resulting from the Tuareg rebellions and the insurgency in Mali.[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ CIA World Factbook - Niger, 3 November 2019
  2. ^ a b Brownlie, Ian (1979). African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia. Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co. pp. 416–21.
  3. ^ a b c d e f International Boundary Study No. 150 – Mali-Niger Boundary (PDF), 13 January 1975, retrieved 4 November 2019
  4. ^ Decree 7 September 1911, rattachant le territoire militaire du Niger au gouvernement général de l'Afrique occidentale française, published in the Official Journal of the French Republic on 12 Septembre 1911 (Online)
  5. ISBN 0-313-30328-2
    .
  6. ^ The Niger-Mali Border: Subordinating Military Action to a Political Strategy, Crisis Group, 13 June 2019, retrieved 8 November 2019
  7. ^ Niger ambush: Militants kill 28 soldiers near Mali, BBC, 16 May 2019, retrieved 8 November 2019
  8. ^ Pentagon says fourth U.S. soldier killed in Niger ambush, Reuters, 6 October 2017. Accessed on 9 October 2017.
  9. ^ a b Geels, Jolijn, (2006) Bradt Travel Guide - Niger, pgs. 47
  10. ^ British FCO Travel Advice - Niger, 8 November 2019
  11. ^ Australian DFAT Travel Advice - Niger, 5 October 2019

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mali–Niger border.
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