Manasija
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2010) |
Holy Trinity | |
People | |
---|---|
Founder(s) | Stefan Lazarević |
Site | |
Location | Despotovac, Serbia |
Visible remains | Stefan Lazarević Vuk Lazarević |
Public access | Yes manasija.rs |
Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance | |
Designated | 5 March 1948 |
Reference no. | SK 140[1] |
The Manasija Monastery (
Architecture and history
The founding charter of the monastery has not been preserved. The Manasija Monastery, also known as Resava, was built two kilometres northwest from the town of Despotovac, in the picturesque ravine. Construction of the monumental mausoleum and the fortified town lasted about a decade, with breaks. During this period, a church, large refectory, lodgings, adjacent buildings, towers and walls, fortifications with protective walls and trenches were constructed.
…across hills and fields and deserts he went looking for a place on which to build the desired family, the silent home. Having found the most suitable and the best site to build the home and having said a prayer, he approached the task and laid the foundations in the name of the Holy Trinity, universal Divinity…" (Constantine the Philosopher, 1433)
Monastery founder Despot Stefan built Manasija to serve as his mausoleum; in its grandeur, his resting place surpassed everything ever built in the Pomoravlje. The monumental and imposing Church of Manasija, together with the contemporary monuments (Ravanica, Ljubostinja, Kalenić, Gornjak, Pavlica...), bear witness to the last great artistic achievement of Morava's Serbia.
The refectory was built parallel to the church, and is one of the largest known structures in medieval Serbia, which was completely covered in frescoes. The monastery compound was encircled and protected by strong walls with eleven towers and trenches.
The monastery complex consists of:
- The Holy Trinity
- The refectory, placed to the south of the church
- The fortress with 11 towers, the largest of which is the keep, also known as the Despot's Tower (to the north of the church)
The Church of Manasija Monastery was consecrated on the Feast of Pentecost /Whitsun/ in 1418, after about 2,000 square metres of frescoes had been painted. Only a quarter of the paintings survived, but even these are among the most beautiful in the outstandingly rich treasure of old Serbian painting. History records that Despot Stefan invested great effort in finding the "most honoured and skillful workers, the most experienced icon painters".
During the five centuries of Ottoman presence, the monastery was abandoned and wrecked several times. The lead roof was removed from the church, and so for over a century the frescoes inside were subject to damage by rainfall. As a result, about two-thirds of them were irremediably lost. In the 18th century, the western part of the church - the narthex - was heavily damaged in an explosion and was later rebuilt. The mosaic floor of that part of the church was preserved.
Architecturally, the church belongs to the
On the inside, the original floor has been preserved in the narthex, made of marble tiles in various colours. Nearly half of the frescoes have been destroyed. Despot Stefan is portrayed with the church model on the left-hand wall. The lower register of the north choir depicts warrior-saints in armour with swords and lances, as an authentic representation of contemporaneous soldiers. The vault above the main door contains a picture of the Souls of the Righteous held by the Divine hand. On the left and right, the prophets David and Solomon are portrayed respectively. There are also 24 portraits of the Old Testament prophets and patriarchs in the spacious dome. Two compositions cover the whole first and second registers in the altar: the first represents the Adoration of the Lamb, the other the Communion of Apostles.
The Monastery fortress, made up to defend the monastery, consists of 11 towers linked with huge walls and once, with trenches. The towers are mostly rectangular, save for two hexagonal ones and one square-shaped.
An archaeological team from the UK led by Marin Brmbolić
Burials
Gallery
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Mankind in God's hand. Fresco from the entrance in the west wall. Painted 1410-1418.
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Side view of monastery church
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Monastery fortifications.
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Manasija monastery overview
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Entrance is through west walls
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Tomb of despot Stefan Lazarević
See also
- List of fortresses in Serbia
- Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance
- Tourism in Serbia
References
- ^ "Информациони систем непокретних културних добара".
- ^ https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/41013 Knowledge bank
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Fortified Manasija Monastery". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
- ^ "Historical Abstracts: Modern history abstracts, 1775-1914. Part A". American Bibliographical Center, CLIO. July 11, 1991 – via Google Books.