Mandailing people
Total population | |
---|---|
1,034,690[1] (2000) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Indonesia:[1] North Sumatra 906,939 (2000) West Sumatra 127,751 (2000) Riau 77,611 (2000)[Note 1] Jakarta 41,393 (2000)[Note 2] Malaysia: 30,000 (2001)[2] | |
Languages | |
Mandailing, Indonesian, Minang | |
Religion | |
Sunni Islam ~99% | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Minangkabau people, Angkola people, Toba people |
The Mandailing are an ethnic group in
Etymology
The etymology of 'Mandailing' is said to be a compounding of the words mande, meaning 'mother', and hilang, meaning 'lost'. Thus, the name is said to mean "lost mother".[3] Mandailing society is patriarchal, employing family names, or marga. Well-known Mandailing margas include: Lubis, Nasution, Siregar, Ritonga, Hasibuan, Harahap, Dalimunthe (originally from Munthe), Matondang, Rangkuti, Parinduri, Puasa, Pulungan, Rambe, Daulae(y), Pohan, Batubara (not to be confused with the Batu Bara people from the east coast of Sumatra), Barus and Hutajulu.
History
According to Tamboen's account (1952) the Mandailing, along with other sub-ethnic
The Padri War
The
Raja Asal and Raja Bilah fled to Perak, where their followers settled in Lower Perk and the Kinta Valley. The British appointed Raja Bilah Penghulu of Blanja while his son Raja Yacob became Penghulu of Tronoh, which generated large revenues after the opening of the Tronoh Mines, the largest tin producer in the world in the 1920s.[7]
Region
Mandailing is the name of the region Luat Mandailing, which is now almost in Mandailing Natal Regency in North Sumatra. The first groups who came to this region were the Lubis and Nasution, later followed by the Siregar, Harahap, and so forth. Nasution and Lubis are the biggest groups in the Mandailing clan.[8] Other groups, such as Pulungan, Harahap, Matondang, Rangkuti, and others are the smaller groups of Luat Mandailing. Harahap and Siregar dwell almost in Luat Angkola, which now belongs to South Tapanuli Regency, situated between Regency and North Tapanuli Regency.
Religion
The Mandailing people are almost entirely Muslims. Opinion varies on when Islam first arrived in the region, where the 19th century, 18th century, or even earlier have been suggested.[9] In the 19th century, a portion of the Mandailing were converted to Islam during the Padri War when Muslim clerics from west Sumatra pressured them to adopt the religion.[10]: 55 After conversion, Islam took firm roots in the Mandailing people through integration with the larger Muslim Malay world. The Mandailing people were able to retain many of their native religious practices and adopted an indigenized form of Islam until the modern era, especially in Malaysia where they were forced to conform to state-sponsored Islam.[10]: 83
Migrations
The Mandailing people are also known as the great travellers as more and more of the Mandailings are migrating to the various regions in the country as well as around the world. Many of the Mandailings are playing the important roles of the nation. The Indonesian government considered the Mandailings as one of the main tribes in the country. Many Mandailings keep detailed family tree records as it has become the family tradition. It is reported that 98% of the Mandailing ethnic group are Muslim.[11] There are approximately more than one hundred thousand Mandailings In Malaysia nowadays. Many of the Mandailings in Malaysia are visiting their ancestors in Mandailing Regency in Indonesia as it has been a tradition to keep the brotherhood and strong bond of unity among the Mandailings.
The Mandailing language is still used by the descendants of Mandailing immigrants in Malaysia, although language shift to Malay is observed among the younger generation.[12]
Culture
The Mandailing classic of daun ubi tumbuk or mashed tapioca leaves, lush with bunga kantan, lemongrass and coconut milk flavor is a famous food among the Mandailing people.[13]
They have a traditional ensemble of drums called Gordang Sambilan.[14][15]
Controversy
Majority of the population consider themselves as part of Batak as Ethnolinguistic group[16] The Mandailing people has blood ties, kinship, language, writing script, social systems, arts, customs and norms that are different from the Toba Batak and Angkola Batak.[6]
Notable people
- Abdul Haris Nasution, National Hero of Indonesia
- Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia
See also
Notes
References
- ^ ISBN 981-230-212-3.
- ^ "Sejarah Mandailing di Malaysia". Viva. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ISBN 978-98-342-8344-5.
- ISBN 0-520-02692-6.
- ^ Sepenggal Sejarah Marga Nasution Milik Bobby Menantu Jokowi
- ^ a b c Abdur-Razzaq Lubis. Mandailing-Batak-Malay: A People Defined and Divided. In: 'From Palermo to Penang: A Journey into Political Anthropology', University of Fribourg, 2010.
- ^ a b Abdul-Razzaq Lubis and Khoo Salma Nasution. Raja Bilah and the Mandailings in Perak: 1875–1911. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS), 2003.
- ^ Nenggih Susilowati (2012). "The Remains Of Megalithic Tradition On Material Culture Of Mandailing People". Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara, Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala, Vol. XV No. 1. p. 119. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- ^ Amliansyah, Siti Fatimah (2021). "Islamization of Mandailing Natal After the Padri War". Science and Environmental Journals for Postgraduate. 4 (1). State University of Padang: 71–75.
- ^ a b Lubis, Abdur-Razzaq (2005). "Mandailing Islam Across Borders". Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 2 (2): 55–98.
- ISBN 979-612-202-2.
- ^ Lubis, Muhammad Bukhari (26–28 Feb 2004). Persepsi orang Mandailing Malaysia terhadap orang Mandailing asal di Indonesia. Persidangan antarabangsa peradaban Melayu II (Second International Conference on Malay Civilisation) (in Malay). Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
- ^ Aqmarul Akhyar (19 April 2020). Juang Naibaho (ed.). "TRIBUN-MEDAN-WIKI: Pakat, Lalapan Khas Mandailing yang Jadi Favorit Saat Ramadan". Tribun-Medan. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
- ^ Taiwan journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Volume 2, Issue 2. 國立曁南國際大學東南亞硏究中心. 2005. p. 86.
- ISBN 978-13-178-0888-6.
- ^ "The Trans-Sumatra Trade and the Ethnicization of the 'Batak'". National Statistics Directorate & United Nations Population Fund. 2002. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
Further reading
- Mangaradja Ihoetan (1926), Asal-Oesoelnja Bangsa Mandailing: Berhoeboeng dengan perkara tanah Wakaf bangsa Mandailing, di Soengei Mati - Medan, Sjarikat Tapanoeli
- Syahmerdan Lubis gelar Baginda Raja Muda (1997), Adat Hangoluan Mandailing, Tapanuli Selatan, S. Lubis, OCLC 6169347
- Zulkifli Lubis; Enni Syarifah Hrp; Lizar Andrian; Naga Sakti Harahap; Septian H. Lubis (2012), Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Mandailing Dalam Tata Kelola Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan Sosial, Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Banda Aceh, ISBN 978-602-9457-23-0