Mannargudi

Coordinates: 10°39′54″N 79°27′03″E / 10.664900°N 79.450700°E / 10.664900; 79.450700
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Mannargudi
Dakshina Dwarka, Rajamannargudi
Town
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
614001
Vehicle registrationTN 50

Mannargudi (Tamil pronunciation:

Vaishnavite
shrine.

Mannargudi was founded as an

Thanjavur Marathas and the British Empire. Mannargudi was a part of the erstwhile Tanjore district until India's independence in 1947 and Thanjavur district
until 1991. It subsequently became a part of the newly formed Tiruvarur district. The town is known for agriculture, metal working and weaving. The region around Mannargudi has considerable mineral deposits.

Majority of the people living in Mannargudi and its surrounding villages belong to the Kallar caste.[1] Prominent people like Gopalaswamy Thenkondar Ex.M.P (Congress),[2] Mannai Narayanaswamy Ondhriyar Ex.MLC Ex. Minister for Food and Co-operation(DMK),[3] V.K. Sasikala Salluvar (ADMK), Manorama Kilakudaiyar (Veteran Tamil Actress). This town is one of the VIP towns in Tamilnadu Politics.

Mannargudi is administered by a municipality established in 1866. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of 11.55 km2 (4.46 sq mi) and has a population of 67,999. Mannargudi comes under the

Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to the town and it also has rail connectivity. The nearest seaport, Nagapattinam Port, is located 52 km (32 mi) from Mannargudi, while the nearest airport, Tiruchirappalli International Airport
, is located 97 km (60 mi) from the town. Mannargudi is a fourth largest town in delta region after Thanjavur, Kumbakonam and Nagapattinam.

Etymology

Srividhya Rajagopalaswamy of Mannargudi with Cows
Srividhya Rajagopalaswamy of Mannargudi with cows

The word Mannargudi is derived from the

Nayaks for the 25 ft (7.6 m) tall compound wall around the Rajagopalaswamy temple, leading to the adage Mannargudi Mathil Azhagu, (meaning "the walls of Mannargudi are beautiful").[6] The town is also called "Koil mattrum Madil Nagaram" referring to the compound wall around the temple.[7]

History

The Wesleyan Mission-House, Manargoody, as it will appear when repaired, with the Manargoody Temple in the distance (November 1855, p. 120, Rev. Thomas Hodson)[8]

Mannargudi was founded as an

Marathas. A fort was constructed under the rule of the Hoysala kings, and Hindu temples were built under the leadership of both Hoysala and Pandya rulers.[4]

Mannargudi was conquered by the

Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple.[13] He was also called "Mannarudasan" as he carried out extensive renovations of the Rajagopalaswami temple complex and is credited by some to have reclaimed the land from the surrounding forest.[9]

The

betel leaves, groundnut, oil, metal articles and clothes were the major exports.[15] A Methodist mission was established in the town during the third decade of the 19th century.[16] During 1944, Chinese copper coins were unearthed from Thaliketti village in the region, dated to Sui period (585 CE) to the end of Song period (1275 CE). The coins indicate a possible Buddhist influence in the region.[17] Mannargudi continued to be part of Tanjore district until India's independence in 1947 and Thanjavur district until 1991 and subsequently a part of the newly formed Tiruvarur district.[18]

Geography and climate

Haridra Nadhi - the temple tank in Mannargudi and one of the largest tanks in the state belonging to the Sethubhava Religious Charities

Mannargudi is located at 10°40′N 79°26′E / 10.67°N 79.43°E / 10.67; 79.43. It has an average elevation of 6 m (20 ft). Mannargudi is situated on the banks of

Nagappattinam, located 52 km (32 mi) from Mannargudi.[7]

Like in the rest of the state, the period from November to February in Mannargudi has a climate full of warm days and cool nights. The onset of summer is from March to the end of June. The average temperature range from 37 °C (99 °F) in January to 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) in May and June. Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon, the

tamarind and palmirah.[7][18]

Economy

Agriculture is the principal occupation of the people of Mannargudi. Mannargudi is also known for cloth weaving and metal industries.

Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) functions at Thirumakkottai, a village 18 km (11 mi) away from Mannargudi.[22]

Mannargudi town has one of the largest coal reserves in the country. The total quantity of lignite reserves identified in the area is around 19,500 million tonnes.[23] Exploration of coal bed methane in the area was not started until 2008.[20] The commercial exploration of the coal bed methane reserves located under built up and agricultural areas became difficult with the protest of farmers in the region.[24]

Demographics

Religious census
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 90.13%
Muslim
 
 6.82%
Christian
 
 2.62%
Sikh
 
 0.08%
Buddhist
 
 0.01%
Jain
 
 0.22%
Other
 
 0.1%
No religion
 
 0.02%

According to 2011 census, Mannargudi had a population of 66,999 with a sex-ratio of 1,018 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[29] A total of 6,174 were under the age of six, constituting 3,135 males and 3,039 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 8.39% and 1.16% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.92%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[29] The town had a total of 17372 households. There were a total of 22,640 workers, comprising 1,131 cultivators, 1,546 main agricultural labourers, 534 in house hold industries, 17,682 other workers, 1,747 marginal workers, 66 marginal cultivators, 215 marginal agricultural labourers, 75 marginal workers in household industries and 1,391 other marginal workers.[28] Like in the rest of the state, Tamil is the most common language spoken in the town.[30]

As per the religious census of 2011, Mannargudi had 90.13%

Buddhists, 0.22% Jains, 0.1% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[31]

As of 2008, a total 4.006 km2 (990 acres) (34.68%) of the land was used for residential, 0.314 km2 (78 acres) (2.72%) for commercial, 0.35 km2 (86 acres) (3.07%) for industrial, 4.136 km2 (1,022 acres) (35.81%) for public & semi public purposes including educational and open spaces.[32] As of 2008, there were a total of 28 notified slums, with 12,275 comprising 19.97% of the total population residing in those.[33]

Culture

Mannargudi Mallinatha Swamy temple
, a historic Jain monument in the city

Mannargudi has three prominent Hindu temples, namely, Jayamgondanatha temple, Rajathi Rajeswara temple and Raja Gopalaswamy temple. Pamani Naganathar Temple, a padal petra sthalam in Pamani is also located nearby, northerly.

Nagaswaram were commonly used in the temple service.[13] Haridra Nadhi, the Venugopalaswamy temple tank associated with Sethubhava Mutt, is one of the largest temple tanks in the state. Hindu pilgrims take a holy dip in the tank during festive occasions.[34]

Mannargudi has four mosques, located at Theradi, Keela Raja Veethi, Big Bazar Street and Thamari Kuzlam Vada Karai.

Jawalamalini Amman among others.[4]

The Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary, located 12 km (7.5 mi) is a prominent visitor attraction for the people of Mannargudi.[21] Muthupet Lagoon, a mangrove forest located 29 km (18 mi) away from the town, is another tourist attraction for the citizens of the town.[7]

Administration and politics

Municipality Officials
Chairman Mannai. T. Chozharajan [35]
Commissioner TBA[36]
Vice Chairman R. Kailasam[35]
Elected Members
Member of Legislative Assembly Dr. T R B Rajaa[37]
Member of Parliament S. S. Palanimanickam[38]

The municipality of Mannargudi was established in 1866 with a committee of twelve members during British rule.[39][40] Until the early years of the 20th century, Mannargudi remained one of the five municipalities in erstwhile Tanjore district.[39] As of 2008, the municipality covered an area of 11.55 km2 (4.46 sq mi) and had a total of 33 members. The functions of the municipality is devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing. All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the supreme executive head.[41] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 33 members, one each from the 33 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson.[42] The municipality has allocated a budget of ₹8,751,164 for the year 2010–11.[43]

Mannargudi comes under the

Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) of the constituency is Dr. T R B Rajaa from the DMK Party.[37] He has done many good projects for the constituency. The Mannai Express
train project was officially inaugurated in his term and he has widened this massive project. Vaduvur Indoor Stadium, in Vaduvur is another landmark of Mannargudi and milestone in his political career. No other rural constituency in Tamil Nadu has this big indoor stadium !

Mannargudi is a part of the

R. Venkataraman, who served as the President of India from 1987 to 1992, was elected from the constituency during the 1951 elections.[47]

Education

There are 17 schools and three arts colleges in Mannargudi.

Madras University in 1898.[4] There are two engineering colleges and two polytechnic colleges in the town. The Mannai Rajagopalaswami Government Arts College, founded in 1971,[50] and the Sengamala Thayar Educational Trust Women's College are the two colleges in the town.[51]

Utility services

Electricity supply to Mannargudi is regulated and distributed by the

Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). The town and its suburbs forms the Trichy Electricity Distribution Circle.[52]

Historically, water supply to the town was provided from a 12 km (7.5 mi) long channel dug from the Vadavar canal.[4] Water supply is provided by the municipality of Mannargudi from groundwater through feeders. In 2010–2011, a total of 3.53 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the town.[53]

About 24 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Mannargudi every day by door-to-door collection. Subsequently, the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the municipality. The coverage of solid waste management had an efficiency of 83% as of 2001.[54] There is limited underground drainage system in the town and the major sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.[55] The municipality maintains 15 km (9.3 mi) of storm water drains and 35 km (22 mi) kutcha drains in Mannargudi.[56]

There are three hospitals, two maternity centres and eight private hospitals and clinics.[57][58] There are 2,609 street lamps in Mannargudi: 584 sodium lamps, 2,013 tube lights and five high mast beam lamp.[59] The municipality operates four markets, namely vegetable markets, weekly market, farmer's market (uzhavar santhai) and fish market that cater to the needs of the town and the rural areas around it.[60]

Transportation

Mayiladuthurai to Karaikudi Via Nidamangalam and Mannargudi
Mayiladuthurai to Karaikudi Via Nidamangalam and Mannargudi

The State Highway SH-63 connecting

Tiruvarur, Thiruthuraipoondi, Karaikal, Vedaranyam, Jayankondam and Pattukkottai.[63][64]
Now the Ring Road about 22 km is under progress due to reduce traffic.

Mannargudi station is connected to Nidamangalam rail line by a branch line covering a distance of 18 km (11 mi).[65] The expansion of the line to broad gauge was completed and opened to passenger traffic on 27 September 2011, with an express train to Chennai.[66] The nearest railway junction is Needamangalam Junction. There are daily passenger trains to Thanjavur and Mayiladuthurai and an express train each to Coimbatore and Chennai from Mannargudi.,[67] Thrice a week Express train to Tirupati (Wed, Fri & Sat) and Weekly Express Train to Rajasthan also being operated from mannargudi (Monday) . The Railway link from Mannargudi to Pattukkottai is under progress.

The nearest seaport is Nagapattinam Port, 52 km (32 mi) away, while the nearest airport is the Tiruchirappalli International Airport, 97 km (60 mi) from the town.[64]

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-0521096645
    .
  2. ^ Third Lok Sabha - India, Members Bioprofile. "Members Bioprofile".
  3. ^ "TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW 1971-76" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i W. 1988, pp. 159–160
  5. ^ Illustrated guide to the South Indian Railway Incorporated in England 1926, p. 176
  6. ^ a b c d S. 2009, pp. 3–7
  7. ^ a b c d "About the town". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  8. ^ Hodson, Thomas (November 1855). "Missionary Tour by the Rev. Thomas Hodson". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XII. London: Wesleyan Missionary Society: 120–124. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  9. ^ a b Krishnakumar, Shrimati (23 May 2004). "Shrine in the forest". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  10. ^ Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial series, Volume 18, p.159
  11. ^ a b V. 1995, pp. 159
  12. S2CID 154135978. – via JSTOR
    (subscription required)
  13. ^ a b T.K. 2010, p. 50
  14. ^ W. 1988, pp. 153
  15. ^ W. 1988, pp. 144
  16. ^ W. 1988, pp. 139
  17. ^ Bagchi 2011, p. 141
  18. ^ a b Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 22
  19. ^ Hemingway, p. 225
  20. ^ a b Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 65
  21. ^ a b c Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 27–28
  22. ^ "Thirumakottai Gas power station". The Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development (CRRID). Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  23. ^ "Chapter 11". Coal India. 22 October 2011. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  24. ^ S., Dorairaj (28 December 2012). "Mines of concern". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  25. ^ Census of India, 1931, p. 24
  26. ^ Census of India, 1961, p. 445
  27. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 26
  28. ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Mannargudi". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  30. ^ Tamil Nadu Government 2003, p. 3
  31. ^ "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  32. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 29
  33. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 27
  34. ^ "Tourist places in the town". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  35. ^ a b "Chairman of Mannargudi". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  36. ^ "Commissioner of Mannargudi". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  37. ^ a b "MLA of Mannargudi". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  38. ^ a b "General Elections to Lok Sabha, 2009, name and address of the elected members of parliamentary constituencies in Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  39. ^ a b Hemingway, pp 213–214
  40. ^ "About Mannargudi Municipality". Mannargudi Municipality. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  41. ^ "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration". Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  42. ^ Economic and political weekly 1995, p. 2396
  43. ^ "Budget 2010–11" (PDF) (in Tamil). Mannargudi Municipality. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  44. ^ "List of Assembly Constituencies". Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  45. ^ a b "Map showing the new assembly constituencies" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  46. ^ "Partywise Comparison Since 1977". Election Commission of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  47. ^ "Key highlights of the general elections 1952 to the First Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 158. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  48. ^ "Educational Institutions in Mannargudi". Mannargudi Municipality. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  49. ^ a b Hemingway, p. 166
  50. ^ Association of Indian Universities 1995, p. 162
  51. ^ "Sengamala Thayar Educational Trust Women's College" (PDF). Sengamala Thayar Educational Trust. Retrieved 1 January 2014.[permanent dead link]
  52. ^ "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. 2011. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  53. ^ "Water Supply Details". Mannargudi Municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  54. ^ "Waste management programme". Mannargudi Municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  55. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 32
  56. ^ "Storm water drains of Mannargudi". Mannargudi municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  57. ^ a b Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 43
  58. ^ "Mannargudi hospitals". Mannargudi municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  59. ^ Urban Infrastructure Report 2008, p. 39
  60. ^ "Mannargudi Markets". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  61. ^ "Mannargudi Bus stand". Mannargudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  62. ^ "S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres". Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. 2011. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  63. ^ "Mannargudi bus routes". Mannargudi municipality. 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2014.[permanent dead link]
  64. ^ a b "Mannargudi – how to reach". Mannargudi municipality. 2011. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  65. ^ "Start train services between Needamangalam and Mannargudi". The Hindu. Tamil Nadu. 12 June 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  66. ^ G., Srinivasan (27 September 2011). "Train services between Mannargudi and Chennai Egmore from today". The Hindu. Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  67. ^ "Mannargudi–Coimbatore daily express from June 11". The Hindu. Tiruchi. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mannargudi.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mannargudi&oldid=1218048936"