Mao Anying
Mao Anying | |
---|---|
Soviet Red Army) | |
Battles/wars | World War II Chinese Civil War Korean War † |
Spouse(s) | |
Relations | Mao Zedong (father) Yang Kaihui (mother) |
Mao Anying (Chinese: 毛岸英; pinyin: Máo Ànyīng; 24 October 1922 – 25 November 1950) was a Chinese military officer. He was the eldest son of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui. Educated in Moscow and a veteran of multiple wars, Mao was killed in action by an air strike during the Korean War.
Early life
Mao was born at Central South University Xiangya Hospital in Changsha, Hunan Province. His mother, Yang Kaihui, the second wife of Communist Leader Mao Zedong, was executed by the Kuomintang in 1930. He and his younger brother, Mao Anqing, escaped to Shanghai. Their father was in Jiangxi province at the time. They were enrolled in the Datong Kindergarten, which was run covertly by the Chinese Communist Party for the children of CCP leaders and operated by Dong Jianwu under the alias "Pastor Wang".[1] In 1933, after the Kuomintang expulsion of the CCP from the Jiangxi Soviet, support for the Datong Kindergarten dried up, and Mao and his brother ended up on the streets.
World War II
In 1936, Mao was located by Dong and Kang Sheng and taken to Moscow, where he was enrolled with his brother Anqing at Interdom in the Soviet Union under the name "Sergei Yun Fu". His stepmother, He Zizhen, would join them there after being wounded in battle; although Mao's father had left his mother for He, Anying had a good relationship with their half-sister Li Min, who joined them in 1941.[2]
During the
Following
In 1946, Mao returned to Yan'an, where he served under Kang Sheng in fighting against the Kuomintang and defeating them in
Korean War and death
In June 1950, Mao requested to join the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) as an officer in the Korean War. PVA commander Peng Dehuai and other high-ranking officers, fearing Mao Zedong's reaction if his favorite son was to be killed in combat, had long opposed allowing Mao to join the PVA and tried to prevent him from entering. Mao Zedong overrode Peng, who allegedly shouted, "He is Mao Zedong's son. Why should it be anything else?" Peng instead had Mao assigned to himself as his secretary and Russian translator, under the pseudonym "Secretary Liu" at the PVA headquarters, located in caves near an old gold mining settlement in Tongchang County. This location offered excellent protection from United Nations (UN) air attacks and was far from the front lines of the war.[4][6] However, the safety was an illusion, as the US Air Force completely controlled the airspace.[7]
On the evening of 24 November, two UN aircraft,
Peng witnessed the explosion nearby and, realizing Mao was in danger, tried to run towards him but was physically restrained by his guards. Peng screamed, "if you don't let go, I'll kill you!" to which the guard responded, "if you kill me, I still won't let go".[14] Mao's body was reportedly burnt beyond recognition and was only identifiable through a Soviet watch given to him by Joseph Stalin. Peng immediately reported Mao's death to the Central Military Commission, but Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, and Yang Shangkun ordered the CMC and Politburo not to inform Mao Zedong. Only in January 1951, when Mao Zedong asked his personal secretary Ye Zilong to have Mao transferred back to China, Ye informed him of the news.[citation needed] Mao had been buried in Pyongyang, in the Cemetery for the Heroes of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
Disputes regarding death
The only units operating the B-26 in Korea at the time were the
Some Chinese citizens and groups who oppose Mao Zedong commemorate the anniversary of Mao Anying's death by eating
The fried rice story of Anying's death has never been confirmed. The Chinese Academy of History, a state-run historical research institute set up in 2019, had denounced the story as rumors spread by those who aimed to disrespect Mao Anying's sacrifice to his country. The academy, citing declassified documents, stated Mao's position was compromised when the camp's radio transmissions were being intercepted.[19][20]
"Egg fried rice protests" are a form of internet protest used by Chinese users occurring yearly around 24 October, Anying's birthday, or around 25 November, the date of his death. Posting recipes for egg fried rice is meant to mock the death of Anying; such posts are usually blocked or taken down by Chinese officials and can lead to sanctions against those involved.[17]
See also
References
- ^ a b Chairman Mao Zedong and General Mao Anying, Chinese Military Leaders of the Korean War
- ^ Oxana Vozhdaeva (4 October 2013). "How children of the world united at a Soviet school". BBC News. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
Mao's eldest son, Mao Anying, who was known in the home as Sergei Yun Fu.
- ^ Pathanothai, Sirin. The Dragon Pearl. Simon and Schuster. 1994. p 163.
- ^ a b "No Dynasty for China: How Mao's Son Was Killed in the Korea War". National Interest. 25 April 2020.
- ^ a b Egorov, Boris (17 December 2021). "How Mao Zedong's son fought for the USSR against the Nazis". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ Kruschev, Nikita. Memoirs of Nikita Kruschev, Vol 2. Pennsylvania State University Press. 2006. p. 98.
- ^ "参谋与毛岸英一同葬身火海 遗腹女身世被瞒46年_新闻中心_新浪网". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ a b "彭德怀文革时被污有意害死毛岸英". Cul.sohu.com. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Sebastien Roblin, 2017, "A U.S. Bombing Run in North Korea Wiped Out Mao Zedong's Dynasty" National Interest (7 May), (Access: 17 March 2018.)
- ISBN 978-7-5063-3717-5.
- ISBN 978-0-7864-1691-2
- OCLC 33378849.
- OCLC 28982336.
- ^ "朝鲜战争史料:彭德怀发了火". Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "B-26 Invader in Korea". National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.
- ^ 66年前的今天:波兰裔南非飞行员杀害毛岸英. 网易新闻. 25 November 2016 (22 March 2017). A translated excerpt: "G. B. Lipawsky ... accumulated more than 12,000 hours of flight in World War II and North Korea. On November 24th, 1950 ... he ... attacked the command post of the Volunteers using napalm bombs."
- ^ a b Cosh, Colby (9 November 2021). "Colby Cosh: Why posting about egg fried rice could land you in a Chinese jail". National Post. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Holiday of the Week: Chinese Thanksgiving". China Digital Times. 24 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016.
- ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 4 September 2023.