Mapam
Mapam מפ"ם | |
---|---|
Alignment (1969–1984) Meretz (1992–1997) | |
Most MKs | 20 (1949–1951) |
Fewest MKs | 3 (1988–1992) |
Election symbol | |
(1949-1965), (1988) | |
Mapam
History
Mapam was formed by a January 1948 merger of the kibbutz-based
In the
In the
From Mapam's point of view, the most important event of the second Knesset were the
This created a split in the party.
Although it had been reduced to seven seats by the end of the second Knesset, the party picked up nine seats in the 1955 elections. Having effectively renounced the Soviet Union, Mapam was now included in Ben-Gurion's coalitions for both the seventh and eighth governments. But it was to blame for Ben-Gurion's resignation and the collapse of the government on 5 July 1959 when it and Ahdut HaAvoda voted against the government on the issue of selling arms to West Germany but refused to leave the coalition.
In the 1959 elections the party retained its nine seats, and despite their previous differences, were included in Ben-Gurion's coalition.
In the 1961 elections it again won nine seats, but this time was not part of the governing coalition.
The
Mapam briefly broke away from the Alignment during the eighth Knesset (following the 1973 Israeli legislative election, but returned shortly afterward. The party then remained part of the Alignment until after the 1984 elections, when it broke away due to anger over Shimon Peres's decision to form a national unity government with Likud, taking six seats with it (later reduced to five when Muhammed Wattad defected to Hadash). But in the 1988 elections the party won only three seats.
As a result of its declining support, Mapam joined with
In 1995 the party's newspaper, Al HaMishmar, ceased publication.
In 1997 the merger into Meretz with Ratz and part of Shinui (much if not most of Shinui's membership did not agree with the merger, and reformed as an independent party headed by Avraham Poraz) was formalized, and Mapam (and Ratz) ceased to exist.
From 1951 to 1979, Mapam also published an Arabic newspaper, Al-Mirsad (Observation Post, a similar name to the Hebrew newspaper Al HaMishmar, which means "on the lookout"). It appeared weekly, except for a short period as a daily.[5]
1948 policy towards Arabs
Mapam entered the 1948 coalition government with a radically different policy towards Arab civilians from that pursued by David Ben-Gurion. Mapam's executive committee advocated Jewish–Arab coexistence, opposed the expulsion of civilians and was in favor of the right of refugees to return to their homes after the war.[6] In June 1948 all cadres were issued with a policy statement, "Our policy towards Arabs during the war", written by Aharon Cohen, the Head of Mapam's Arab Affairs Department.[7] Mapam particularly opposed the destruction of Arab houses. Aharon Zisling, one of two Mapam members of the cabinet, raised the issue repeatedly toward the end of June.[8] At a Mapai Centre meeting, 24 July 1948, Ben-Gurion accused Mapam of hypocrisy; citing events at Mishmar HaEmek, he said: "They faced a cruel reality ... [and] saw that there was [only] one way and that was to expel the Arab villagers and burn the villages. And they did this, and they were the first to do this."[9]
Mapam also opposed the establishment of settlements on Arab land. But this created a dilemma as the kibbutz movement ideologically closest to Mapam,
The gulf between policy makers in the executive and Mapam members who dominated the leadership of the armed forces was again revealed following the military operations in the autumn of 1948. In early November the editor of the Mapam
In December, party co-leader Meir Ya'ari publicly criticised the IDF for using the expulsion of civilians as an "imperative of strategy". This was probably directed at Mapam member Yigal Allon, who had been chief of operations during Operation Danny.[15]
Leaders
Leader | Took office | Left office | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yitzhak Tabenkin | 1949 | 1951 | ||
Meir Ya'ari | 1951 | 1974 | ||
Meir Talmi | 1974 | 1981 | ||
Victor Shem-Tov | 1981 | 1988 | ||
Yair Tzaban | 1988 | 1996 | ||
Haim Oron | 1996 | 1997 |
Election results
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1949
|
Yitzhak Tabenkin | 64,018 | 14.7 (#2) | 19 / 120
|
New | Opposition |
1951 | Meir Ya'ari | 86,095 | 12.5 (#3) | 15 / 120
|
4 | Opposition |
1955 | 62,401 | 7.3 (#6) | 9 / 120
|
3 | Government | |
1959 | 69,468 | 7.2 (#4) | 9 / 120
|
0 | Government | |
1961 | 75,654 | 7.5 (#5) | 9 / 120
|
0 | Opposition | |
1965 | 79,985 | 6.6 (#5) | 8 / 120
|
1 | Government | |
1969 | Part of Alignment | 7 / 120
|
1 | Government | ||
1973 | Meir Talmi | 7 / 120
|
0 | Government | ||
1977 | 4 / 120
|
3 | Opposition | |||
1981 | Victor Shem-Tov | 7 / 120
|
3 | Opposition | ||
1984 | 6 / 120
|
1 | Opposition | |||
1988 | Yair Tzaban | 56,345 | 2.5 (#9) | 3 / 120
|
3 | Opposition |
1992 | Part of Meretz | 4 / 120
|
1 | Government | ||
1996
|
Haim Oron | 3 / 120
|
1 | Opposition |
Knesset members
Knesset (MKs out of 120) (popular vote) |
Knesset Members |
---|---|
1 (1949–1951)(19) (14.7%) |
Yitzhak Tabankin (replaced by David Livschitz on 12 April 1951), Meir Ya'ari, Aharon Zisling, Eliezer Preminger (joined from the Hebrew Communists on 15 August 1949)
|
2 (1951–1955) (15) (12.5%) |
Rostam Bastuni, Mordechai Bentov, Ya'akov Hazan, Eliezer Peri, Ya'akov Riftin, Hanan Rubin, Meir Ya'ari, Moshe Aram, Yisrael Bar-Yehuda, Yitzhak Ben-Aharon, Aharon Zisling, Avraham Berman, Moshe Sneh, Hannah Lamdan,David Livschitz Left party to establish Ahdut HaAvoda on 23 October 1954 Left party to establish the Left Faction on 20 February 1952 Left party to establish the Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda on 20 January 1953 |
3 (1955–1959) (9) (7.3%) |
Yisrael Barzilai, Mordechai Bentov, Ya'akov Hazan, Ya'akov Riftin, Hanan Rubin, Emma Talmi, Meir Ya'ari, Haim Yehuda, Yitzhak Yitzhaky (replaced by Yussuf Hamis on 21 September 1955) |
4 (1959–1961) (9) (7.2%) |
Yisrael Barzilai, Mordechai Bentov, Yussuf Hamis, Ya'akov Hazan, Ya'akov Riftin, Hanan Rubin, Emma Talmi, Meir Ya'ari, Haim Yehuda (replaced by Yosef Kushnir on 10 July 1960) |
5 (1961–1965) (9) (7.5%) |
Yisrael Barzilai, Mordechai Bentov, Yussuf Hamis, Ya'akov Hazan, Ya'akov Riftin, Hanan Rubin (replaced by Yosef Kushnir), Victor Shem-Tov, Emma Talmi, Meir Ya'ari |
6 (1965–1969) (8) (6.6%) |
Alignment )
|
7 (1969–1974) (6) (part of Alignment) |
Reuven Arazi, Haika Grossman, Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi, Dov Zakin, Ya'akov Hazan, Meir Ya'ari, Shlomo Rosen |
8 (1973–1977) (6) (part of Alignment) |
Yehuda Dranitzki, Aharon Efrat, Haika Grossman, Eliezer Ronen, Meir Talmi, Dov Zakin, Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi (replaced by Haviv Shimoni of the Labor Party on 14 February 1974) |
9 (1977–1981) (4) (part of Alignment) |
Haika Grossman, Moshe Amar, Naftali Feder, Meir Talmi, Emri Ron (replaced Haim Yosef Zadok of the Labor Party on 2 January 1978) |
10 (1981–1984) (7) (part of Alignment) |
Elazar Granot, Muhammed Wattad, Dov Zakin, Naftali Feder, Yair Tzaban, Emri Ron, Victor Shem-Tov |
11 (1984–1988) (6) (part of Alignment) |
Elazar Granot, Haika Grossman, Amira Sartani, Victor Shem-Tov (replaced by Gadi Yatziv on 15 March 1988), Yair Tzaban, Muhammed Wattad (left to join Hadash on 12 July 1988) |
12 (1988–1992) (3) (2.5%) |
Hussein Faris, Haim Oron, Yair Tzaban |
13 (1992–1996) (4) (part of Meretz) |
Haim Oron, Walid Haj Yahia, Yair Tzaban, Anat Maor |
14 (1996–1997)(3) (part of Meretz) |
Haim Oron, Walid Haj Yahia, Anat Maor |
See also
Notes
- Hebrew abbreviationfor Mifleget HaPoalim HaMeuhedet (מִפְלֶגֶת הַפּוֹעֲלִים הַמְּאוּחֶדֶת) lit. 'United Workers Party'
References
- ISBN 9783825891404.
- ISBN 978-1-317-58450-6.
- ^ Tzahor, Zeev (1994). "Mapai, Mapam and the Establishment of the First Israeli Government, 1949" (PDF). Iyunim Bitkumat Israel (in Hebrew). 4: 378–399. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Mezhdunarodnaya Zizhn—cited in edition Välispanoraam 1972, Tallinn, 1973, lk 147 (Foreign Panorama 1972)
- S2CID 144830710.
- ISBN 0-521-33028-9.
- ^ Morris, pages 142, 159.
- ^ Morris, page 162. "destruction of Arab villages" appears on agenda five times from 16 to 30 June.
- ^ Morris, p. 116. Though the Haganah had destroyed a large number of houses in Caesarea 5 February 1948. p. 54.
- ^ Morris, p. 183.
- ^ Morris, page 185.
- ^ Morris, p. 291.
- ^ Morris, p. 280.
- ^ Morris, page 232. Cohen's notes from this meeting and the letter sent to Pra'i are practically the only contemporary Israeli records of these events in the public domain.
- Kibbutz ArtziCouncil. "I am appalled." A memo, probably written by Allon, had argued that the refugees clogged roads, caused economic problems, damaged moral and would lead to anti-government demonstrations.
External links
- Party history Knesset website
- Hashomer Hatzair/Mapam Archive at marxists.org
- MAPAM A brief introduction to MAPAM's views on the Middle East and international issues. Tel Aviv, International Department of MAPAM, June 1985
- MAPAM by Susan Hattis Rolef. Encyclopaedia Judaica article at encyclopedia.com