Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
Sabor and Proth Qandisangal | |
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Venerated in |
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Feast | April 29 |
Influenced | Saint Thomas Christians |
Part of a series on |
Christianity in India |
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Mar Sabor and Mar Proth, according to
That the historicity of this mission cannot be verified does not dispute the epigraphical evidence that Christians were on the
The two bishops are said to have died in Kerala and have been considered as saints by the
Veneration
Sabor and Aproth were highly venerated in India among the
MS Vatican Syriac N. iv., which is dated to 1556 and written in the Kottakkavu Church, has the following colophon in folio 278:
"By the help of our Lord we have finished this book of the Prophets; it was written on a Monday, the 18th of February, in the year 1556 of the birth of our Lord. I, priest Jacob, the disciple of Mar Jacob, and from the village of Puraur, have written this book in the holy Church of Mar Shapur and Mar Iapot [Aprot]. May the holy name of God be praised for ever. Amen!"[9]
Variations of the names
Mar is a Syriac term meaning '(My)Lord' usually prefixed for Saints and Bishops in the Syriac tradition.
- Mar Sapir (T. K. Joseph)[8] - Sabor
- Mar Prot (Land) - Prodh (T. K. Joseph and Gouva)/Proth - Firous (La Croz) - Aphrottu (Burnell)/Aphroth - Ambrose (Swanston)[8]
Major studies
Recent
- The Kollam Plates in the World of the Ninth Century Indian Ocean. Delhi: Primus Books (upcoming).
- M. R. Raghava Varier and K. Veluthat, 2013. Tarissāppaḷḷippaṭṭayam, Trivandrum: National Book Stall
- C. G. Cereti, 'The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates', in Exegisti Monument (Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 2009).
- C. G. Cereti, L. M. Olivieri, and J. Vazhuthanapally, 'The Problem of the Saint Thomas Crosses and Related Questions', East and West 52:1/ 4 (2002).
- M. G. S. Narayanan, Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala (Trivandrum: Kerala Historical Society, 1972).
- W. Baum and R. Senoner (eds. and trans.), Indien und Europa im Mittelalter: Die Eingliederung des Kontinents in das europäische Bewußtsein bis ins 15. Jahrhundert (Klagenfurt: Kitab, 2000).
Others
- Travancore Archaeological Series, Volume II, no. 9 (I and II).
- C. P . T. Winckworth, 'A New Interpretation of the Pahlavi Cross Inscriptions', Kerala Society Papers, no. 3.
- Land, 'Brief History of the Syrians of Malabar'. Anedocta Syriaca, I.
- Joseph, T. K., 'Mar Sapir and Mar Prodh', Indian Antiquary, 1928, III.
- A. Mingana, “The Early Spread of Christianity in India”, Bulletin of John Ryland's Library 10:2 (1926).
- W. Logan, Malabar Manual, (ed. P. Cherian (2000).
- A. C. Burnell, Indian Antiquary, III.
- Gundert, Madras Journal of Literature and Science, XIII, I.
- Rev. J. Monteiro D'Aguir, 'The Magna Carta of St. Thomas Christians', Kerala Society Papers, no. 4.
Synod of Diamper
When they arrived on the Malabar Coast, the Portuguese noted at least 78 extant church communities closely interwoven with the local community in different parts of Kerala.
After 1561, Thomas Christians were branded heretics by the Goa Inquisition. The infamous Synod of Diamper (1599) anathematized all Christians of India who did not submit to Rome. The synod even branded Mar Sabor and Mar Prot as "Nestorian heretics" at the instance of the Portuguese.[8]
Notes
- Malabar churches and in West Asia, while "Sapor" (Syriac: Shapur) and "Prodh" (Syriac: Firuz) are alternative names used in the Sasanian Empire in the 4-5th centuries AD. A Christian grant made by the Kollam ruler dating to about 824 AD bears the name "Maruvan Sapir Iso", which is believed to be an amalgamation of "Mar Sapor" and "Mar Prodh".[11]
References
- ^ Sprague, Sean. "Twin Saints, Twin Churches". CNEWA. Catholic Near East Welfare Association. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ ISBN 978-93-80607-01-6.
- ^ Land, 'Brief History of the Syrians of Malabar'. Anedocta Syriaca, I, pp. 27.
- ^ Menon, K. P. P. Kerala. I. pp. 273.
- ^ Joseph, T. K., 'Mar Sapir and Mar Prodh', I. A., 1928, III, p. 311.
- ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 343-45.
- ^ C. P . T. Winckworth, 'A New Interpretation of the Pahlavi Cross Inscriptions', Kerala Society Papers, no. 3. p. 159-163.
- ^ a b c d Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 358.
- .
- ISBN 978-81-900166-6-7.
- ISBN 978-0-521-89103-5.