Marburg
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Marburg | |
---|---|
Location of Marburg within Marburg-Biedenkopf district | |
Coordinates: 50°48′36″N 08°46′15″E / 50.81000°N 8.77083°E | |
Country | Germany |
State | Hesse |
District | Marburg-Biedenkopf |
Subdivisions | 25 Ortsbezirke |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2021–27) | Thomas Spies[1] (SPD) |
Area | |
• Total | 123.92 km2 (47.85 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 412 m (1,352 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 173 m (568 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 77,845 |
• Density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 35001-35043 |
Dialling codes | 06421, 06420, 06424 |
Vehicle registration | MR |
Website | www.marburg.de |
Marburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmaːɐ̯bʊʁk] or [ˈmaʁbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a university town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximately 76,000.[3]
Having been awarded
Marburg is a historic centre of the pharmaceutical industry in Germany, and there is a plant in the town (by
History
Founding and early history
Like many settlements, Marburg developed at the crossroads of two important early medieval highways: the trade route linking Cologne and Prague and the trade route from the North Sea to the Alps and on to Italy, the former crossing the river Lahn here. A first mention of the settlement dates from 822 in the Reinhardsbrunner Chronik. The settlement was protected and customs were raised by a small castle built during the ninth or tenth century by the Giso. Marburg has been a town since 1140, as proven by coins. From the Gisos, it fell around that time to the Landgraves of Thuringia, residing on the Wartburg above Eisenach.
St. Elizabeth of Hungary
In 1228, the widowed princess-landgravine of Thuringia, Elizabeth of Hungary, chose Marburg as her dowager seat, as she did not get along well with her brother-in-law, the new landgrave. The countess dedicated her life to the sick and would become after her early death in 1231, aged 24, one of the most prominent female saints of the era. She was canonized in 1235.[5]
Capital of Hessen
In 1264, St Elizabeth's daughter
After 1605, Marburg became just another provincial town, known mostly for the
Reformation
Marburg is the seat of the oldest existing
In 1529, Philipp I of Hesse arranged the Marburg Colloquy, to propitiate Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli.
Romanticism
Owing to its neglect during the entire 18th century, Marburg – like Rye or Chartres – survived as a relatively intact Gothic town, simply because there was no money spent on any new architecture or expansion. When Romanticism became the dominant cultural and artistic paradigm in Germany, Marburg became a centre of activities once again, and many of the leaders of the movement lived, taught, or studied in Marburg. They formed a circle of friends that was of great importance, especially in literature, philology, folklore, and law.
The group included
Prussian town
In the
Early 20th century
Franz von Papen, vice-chancellor of Germany in 1934, delivered an anti-Nazi speech at the University of Marburg on 17 June.[citation needed]
From 1942 to 1945, the whole city of Marburg was turned into a hospital, with schools and government buildings turned into wards to augment the existing hospitals. By the spring of 1945, there were over 20,000 patients – mostly wounded German soldiers. As a result of its designation as a hospital city, and because of a lack of important industrial sites, there was not much damage from bombings except along the railroad tracks.[citation needed]
In May 1945, the
Marburg from 1945
Post-war developments included a population growth first due to war refugees, then to increasing significance of the pharmaceutical industry based in Marburg, and an increase in staff and students for the university. The historic town was in danger of thorough decay, but was renovated from 1972. The university now has about 21 000 students (2023).[8]
Geography
Marburg lies on the river
The city is divided into the following 25 boroughs (
- Altstadt
- Bauerbach
- Bortshausen
- Campusviertel
- Cappel
- Cyriaxweimar
- Dagobertshausen
- Dilschhausen
- Elnhausen
- Ginseldorf
- Gisselberg
- Haddamshausen
- Hermershausen
- Marbach
- Michelbach
- Moischt
- Ockershausen
- Richtsberg
- Ronhausen
- Schröck
- Südviertel
- Waldtal
- Wehrda
- Wehrshausen
- Weidenhausen
Politics
As a larger mid-sized city, Marburg, like six other such cities in Hessen, has a special status as compared to the other municipalities in the district. This means that the city takes on tasks more usually performed by the district so that in many ways it is comparable to an
The
Among the left wing groups are
scene, and a few groups engaged in ecological or human-rights concerns.The city of Marburg, similar to the cities of Heidelberg, Tübingen and Göttingen, has a rich history of student fraternities or Verbindungen of various sorts, including Corps, Landsmannschaften, Burschenschaften, Turnierschaften, etc.
Twin towns – sister cities
Coat of arms
Marburg's coat of arms shows a Hessian landgrave riding a white horse with a flag and a shield on a red background. The shield shows the red-and-white-striped Hessian lion, also to be seen on Hessen's state arms, and the flag shows a stylized M, blue on gold (or yellow). The arms are also the source of the city flag's colors. The flag has three horizontal stripes colored, from top to bottom, red (from the background), white (from the horse) and blue (from the shield).
The coat of arms, which was designed in the late nineteenth century, is based on a landgrave seal on a municipal document. It is an example of a very prevalent practice of replacing forgotten coats of arms, or ones deemed not to be representative enough, with motifs taken from seals.
Marburg virus
The city's name is connected to a
Green city
Many homes have solar panels and in 2008 a law was passed to make the installation of solar systems on new buildings or as part of renovation projects mandatory. 20 percent of heating system requirements ought to have been covered by solar energy in new buildings. Anyone who fails to install solar panels would have been fined €1,000. The new law, approved on 20 June 2008, should have taken effect in October 2008,[12] however, this law was stopped by the Regierungspräsidium Giessen in September 2008.[13]
Climate
Climate data for Marburg | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.7 (87.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24 (75) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6 (43) |
15.3 (59.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
3.7 (38.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.8 (40.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −15.5 (4.1) |
−18 (0) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−18 (0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60 (2.4) |
54 (2.1) |
44 (1.7) |
36 (1.4) |
57 (2.2) |
44 (1.7) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
48 (1.9) |
39 (1.5) |
38 (1.5) |
69 (2.7) |
567 (22.3) |
Average rainy days | 9 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 101 |
Source 1: Klima Marburg / Lahn (in German), based on 11/2017-10/2022, accessed 9 November 2022 | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Climate Marburg (Hesse) (in german), accessed 26 July 2022 |
Landmarks
Marburg remains a relatively unspoilt, spire-dominated, castle-crowned Gothic or Renaissance city on a hill partly because it was isolated between 1600 and 1850. Architecturally, it is famous both for its castle
Much of the physical attractiveness of Marburg is due to Hanno Drechsler who was Lord Mayor between 1970 and 1992. He promoted urban renewal, the restoration of the Oberstadt (uptown), and he established one of the first pedestrian zones in Germany. Marburg's Altstadtsanierung (since 1972) has received many awards and prizes.[14]
Parks in the town include the
The Marktplatz is the heart of Marburg's old town. In the center is a fountain dedicated to St Georg, a popular meeting place for the youths. To the south is the old town hall and the path running north leads to the palace overlooking the town.
The University of Marburg, founded in 1527, is one of Germany's oldest universities. It is spread over two campuses: Firmanei at the centre of Marburg, and Lahnberge to the east of the town at the Botanischer Garten (Botanical Garden).
Notable people
- Ernst Wachler (1803–1888), lawyer and politician
- Karl Theodor Bayrhoffer (1812–1888), professor of philosophy at the University of Marburg and freethinker
- Karl Gustav Adolf Knies (1821–1898), economist
- Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick (1852–1937), ophthalmologist and inventor of the contact lens
- Walter von Boetticher (1853–1945), historian and physician studied medicine at Marburg
- Juan Gundlach (1810-1896), naturalist and taxonomist of Cuba and Puerto Rico
- Ernst von Harnack (1888–1945), politician and resistance fighter against Nazism
- Ernst-Günther Schenck (1904–1998), doctor
- Otto John (1909–1997), President of the Federal Office for Constitutional Protection
- Hans Mommsen (1930–2015), historian
- Wolfgang Mommsen (1930–2004), historian
- Reinhard Hauff (born 1939), film director and screenwriter
- Richard Wiese (born 1953), professor of linguistics
- Stefan Gradmann (born 1958), university professor
- Margot Käßmann (born 1958), Lutheran theologian and pastor
- Hank Levine (born 1965), film director and producer
- Dirk Kaftan (born 1971), conductor
- Lars Weißenfeldt (born 1980), footballer
- Lena Gercke (born 1988), photo model and TV host
- Lukas Wenig (born 1994), dart player
- Theodora Sayn-Wittgenstein (born 1986), aristocrat
References
- Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt. 5 September 2022.
- Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt. June 2023.
- ^ "Population of major towns in Hesse, Germany". Statista.
- ^ "Amid AstraZeneca setback, Germany banks on homegrown vaccine". AP NEWS. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ISBN 3-89616-031-1.
- ^ "Screenhaus". Screenhaus. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ISBN 978-3-88964-224-0.
- ^ "Student enrollment" (PDF). September 2023.
- ^ Hauptsatzung der Universitätsstadt Marburg, § 3, 27 November 2021.
- ^ Ortsbeiräte, Universitätsstadt Marburg
- ^ "Partnerstädte". marburg.de (in German). Marburg. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "German college town Marburg becomes first in the nation to require solar panels on new buildings, International Herald Tribune".
- ^ "Marburger Solarsatzung vor dem aus (in german)".
- ISBN 9783555009018.
Further reading
- In English
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 680–681.
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Marburg". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
- In German
- Schönholz, Christian, Braun, Karl (Hrsg.): Marburg. Streifzüge durch die jüngere Stadtgeschichte. Ein Lesebuch 1960–2010. Jonas Verlag, Marburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-89445-437-1.
- Stößer, Anke: Marburg im ausgehenden Mittelalter. Stadt und Schloss, Hauptort und Residenz. (=Schriften des Hessischen Landesamtes für geschichtliche Landeskunde 41). Selbstverlag des Hessischen Landesamtes für geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-921254-80-6.
- Marbuch. 7. Auflage. Marbuch, Marburg 2003, ISBN 3-9806487-1-0(umfassend, mit Stadtplan).
- Dettmering, Erhart: Kleine Marburger Stadtgeschichte. Pustet, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7917-2086-9.
- IG Marburg (Hrsg.): Marburg. Abbruch und Wandel. Städtebauliche Planungen in einer mittelalterlichen Stadt. Jonas Verlag, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-89445-393-0.
- Graepler, Catharina, Stumm, Richard: Marburg für Kinder. Jonas, Marburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-89445-408-1.
- Gimbel, Karl-Heinz: Das Michelchen, St. Michaelskapelle in Marburg an der Lahn. Marburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-89703-748-9(= Kleine Reihe von Marburg, Band 1).
- Rosa-Luxemburg-Club Marburg (Hrsg.): Marburg rauf und runter – Stadtspaziergänge durch Geschichte und Gegenwart. Marburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-939864-15-8.
- Großmann, Georg Ulrich: Marburg: Stadtführer. 3. Auflage, Imhof, Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-86568-091-4.
- In Italian
- Leone Rossella, Ragione Roberto, Santopuoli Nicola: The Garden of Remembrance on the ruins of the Marburg synagogue in Germany: memory, identity and reuse, in Varum Humberto, Furtado André, Melo José (eds.), Documentation, Restoration and Reuse of Heritage, Atti del X Convegno Internazionale “ReUso – Porto 2022” (Porto, 2-4 novembre 2022), Ebook, 2022, pp. 91–101. ISBN 978-972-752-296-5.[1]
External links
- Official website (in German) + (in English)
- Marburg travel guide from Wikivoyage