Marcellin Boule
Marcellin Boule | |
---|---|
Palaeontology, Geology, Anthropology |
Pierre-Marcellin Boule (1 January 1861 – 4 July 1942), better known as merely Marcellin Boule, was a French
Early life and education
Pierre-Marcellin Boule was born in Montsalvy, France.[1]
Career
Boule was a professor at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (1902–36) and "for many years director of the Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris."[1] He was an editor (1893–1940) of the journal L’Anthropologie and was the founder of two other scientific journals.[1]
Boule studied and published in 1910 the first analysis of a complete
opposable toes, according to a skeleton which was already distorted with arthritis. As a result, Neanderthals were viewed in subsequent decades as being highly primitive creatures with no direct relation to anatomically modern humans. Later re-evaluations of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints skeleton have roundly discredited Boule's initial work on the specimen.[4]
He was one of the first to argue that eoliths were not human made.[5]
Boule also expressed some skepticism about the
Piltdown man discovery — later revealed to be a hoax. As early as 1915, Boule recognized that the jaw belonged to an ape rather than an ancient human.[6] However, the Piltdown forgery has been characterized as providing evidential support for Boule's "branching evolution" conclusions drawn from his Neanderthal research — research which is likewise said to have "prepar[ed] the international community for the appearance of a non-Neanderthal fossil such as Piltdown Man."[4]
Personal life and demise
Boule died at age 81 in Montsalvy in France, the same town where he was born.[1]
References and sources
- ^ a b c d e "Marcellin Boule". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 10, 2020 – via britannica.com.
- ^ Mooallem, Jon (January 11, 2017). "Neanderthals Were People, Too". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ Boule, Marcellin (1920). Les hommes fossiles - Éléments de paléontologie humaine (in French). Paris: Masson et cie.
- ^ S2CID 7270732.
- ^ Boule, Marcellin (1905). "L'origine des éolithes". L'Anthropologie (in French). XVI: 257–267.
- ^ Boule, Marcellin (1915). "La paléontologie humaine en Angleterre". L'Anthropologie (in French). XXVI.
- Groenen, Marc (1994). Millon, J. (ed.). Pour une histoire de la préhistoire (in French). Editions Jérôme Millon. ISBN 2-905614-93-5.
External links