March 1963

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the John Koerner album, see March 1963 (album).
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March 7, 1963: Pan Am Building (now the MetLife Building) opens in New York
March 21, 1963: Alcatraz prison closes
March 12, 1963: Lee Harvey Oswald buys a rifle by mail order

The following events occurred in March 1963:

March 1, 1963 (Friday)

  • The
    Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) proposed building an orbiting space station, using hardware already under development for the Apollo program, and with a capacity for 18 crewmembers. Adding the crew would be done with an Apollo-type spacecraft modified to carry six astronauts at a time.[1]
  • Mercury spacecraft 9A, configured for one-day mission requirements, completed Project Orbit Run 110. For this test, only the reaction control system was exercised; as a result of the run, several modifications were made involving pressurization and fuel systems.[2]
  • Eurocontrol, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, came into existence as an international treaty signed on December 13, 1960, by West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg became effective.[3]
  • The stage II oxidizer tank from Gemini launch vehicle (GLV) 2 was airlifted from Martin-Denver to Martin-Baltimore to be used in GLV-1, but was rejected because it was found to be cracked.[4]
  • Died: Felice Casorati, 79, Italian painter, sculptor, and printmaker

March 2, 1963 (Saturday)

  • At
    Chen Yi to confirm the boundary between the two nations. Pakistan gave up 2,700 square miles (7,000 km2) of Kashmir property that was also claimed by India, while gaining 750 square miles (1,900 km2) of land from China.[5]
  • The first attempt at liver transplantation in a human being was made by a team in Denver, led by Dr. Thomas Starzl. The patient, an unidentified 3-year-old child, died shortly after the surgery. On July 23, 1967, Dr. Starzl would perform the first liver transplant where a patient survived for longer than one year.[6]
  • Born:
    • Darlinghurst, Sydney[7]
    • Tanyu Kiryakov, Bulgarian Olympic pistol shooting champion and gold medalist in 1988 and 2000; in Ruse

March 3, 1963 (Sunday)

March 4, 1963 (Monday)

  • Testifying before the
    Hugh L. Dryden described the Agency's studies of post-Apollo space projects. Among "obvious candidates," Dryden cited a crewed Earth-orbiting laboratory, which was a prerequisite for human reconnaissance of the planets. Many preliminary design studies of the technological feasibility of a large space laboratory had been made, Dryden said. However, technical feasibility alone could not justify a project of such magnitude and cost. "We are attempting to grasp the problem from the other end," he said, ". . . to ask what one can and would do in a space laboratory in specific fields of science and technology with a view to establishing a realistic and useful concept.... The program must be designed to fulfill national needs."[1]
  • In
    firing squad
    on March 11.
  • For the first time, the election for the office of Chairman of the Tribal Council of the Navajo Nation was contested among multiple candidates. Paul Jones, who had been the chief executive for the semi-sovereign Navajos since 1955, was defeated by Raymond Nakai, a radio announcer employed in Flagstaff, Arizona.
  • The Mona Lisa was displayed in the United States for the last time, when the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City closed at 9:00 p.m. The painting was loaded onto a ship the next day for its return to Paris and the Louvre Museum.[13]
  • A break in the nearly three-month-long New York City newspaper strike saw the New York Post become the first of nine daily papers to settle with striking printers and to resume publication.[14]
  • Kuwait was admitted to the United Nations by unanimous vote of the General Assembly, after the Soviet Union dropped its opposition to the emirate's membership.[15]
  • Born: Jason Newsted, American musician, best known as the bassist of heavy metal band Metallica from 1986 to 2001; in Battle Creek, Michigan[16]
  • Died:

March 5, 1963 (Tuesday)

Cline in 1957

March 6, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • Great Britain's longest, coldest winter in the 20th century started to come to an end, with the ground being snow-free for the first time since the blizzard over the Christmas period. Many places saw their first frost-free night of the year and since before Christmas. The south saw temperatures rise above freezing and into the low 60s Fahrenheit (17 °C).[21]
  • Prime Minister Robert Menzies of Australia opened the new Monaro Shopping Centre, one of the first shopping malls in Australia, in Canberra. In 1989, the structure would be expanded and become the Canberra Centre.[22]
  • Construction began on the Unisphere, a 120-foot (37 m) diameter Earth globe and the symbol of the 1964 World's Fair in New York.[23]

March 7, 1963 (Thursday)

  • The Gemini Program Planning Board created an ad hoc study group to compare NASA and
    Gemini program and to recommend DOD experiments for inclusion in the Gemini flight program. The group would present its final report to the Board on May 6.[4]
  • The 58-story-tall
    Pan Am Building (now the MetLife Building) opened at 200 Park Avenue in New York City. With more than three million square feet of floor space, it was the largest commercial office building in the world at the time of its completion.[24]
  • The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a militant organization seeking to make Quebec independent of the rest of Canada, made its first attack, firebombing a wooden building in Montreal at the Canadian National Railway.[25]
  • The first horse race meeting in England since December 23, 1962, took place, after scheduled races had been called off due to the severe winter conditions.

March 8, 1963 (Friday)

March 9, 1963 (Saturday)

March 10, 1963 (Sunday)

March 11, 1963 (Monday)

  • The second half-scale test vehicle in the Gemini Paraglider Development Program was destroyed. The paraglider was retained but its the development program was reoriented. By May 5, paraglider would be downgraded to a research and development program and all three earlier paraglider contracts would be terminated.[4]
  • An unidentified flying object, described as a "hazy white light", was seen by hundreds of residents of the "Big Island" of Hawaii, where it hovered for more than five minutes.[42]
  • Born: Alex Kingston, English actress; in Epsom, Surrey[43]
  • Died: Jean Bastien-Thiry, 35, French military officer and engineer, was executed by firing squad after being convicted of attempting to assassinate French President Charles de Gaulle on August 22, 1962.[44]

March 12, 1963 (Tuesday)

  • North American let the first of three major subcontracts for the Gemini Paraglider Landing System Program.
    Minneapolis-Honeywell on May 13.[4]
  • Lee Harvey Oswald, using the name of "A. Hidell", mailed a money order in the amount of $21.45 to Klein's Sporting Goods of Chicago, along with a coupon clipped from the February 1963 issue of American Rifleman magazine, to purchase a rifle that would be used eight months later to kill President John F. Kennedy.[45]
  • Born: Randall Kenan, American author (d. 2020); in Brooklyn

March 13, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • Ernesto Miranda, a 22-year-old warehouse employee, was arrested in Phoenix, Arizona, on suspicion of rape, and subsequently convicted based on statements that he made to the police without being advised of his constitutional right not to incriminate himself. He would fight the conviction to the United States Supreme Court, leading to the landmark 1966 decision in Miranda v. Arizona. His name lives on in the name of the instructions that all police are required to give to persons arrested, beginning with "You have the right to remain silent", referred to as the Miranda warning, and in the phrase "Miranda rights".[46]
  • Up-and-coming heavyweight boxer
    Cassius Clay almost had his career derailed in a bout at New York City's Madison Square Garden, against Doug Jones. Although the future Muhammad Ali had predicted he would defeat Jones in four rounds, Clay appeared to be losing the bout as it went into round 7. Scheduled for only ten rounds, the fight ended in a decision in favor of Clay, with many in the crowd protesting that it had been fixed. Clay would win the right to face Sonny Liston the following year and win the title.[47]
  • The Soviet Union announced that Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, had invited Soviet Party First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev to visit Beijing. Chairman Mao had made the proposal on February 23 to Soviet Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko, in an effort to close the growing rift between the world's two largest Communist nations.[48]
  • Lake Powell began to form inside Arizona's Glen Canyon, as construction of a dam of the Colorado River neared completion, though it would not be considered completely full until March 13, 1980; it is now the second largest human-made lake in the United States.[49]
  • Premier Nikita Khrushchev appointed
    Dmitriy Ustinov as the new First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union. Ustinov would later serve as the Soviet Minister of Defense.[50]

March 14, 1963 (Thursday)

  • McDonnell Aircraft Corporation concluded that getting a Gemini spacecraft ready again after the scrubbing of a mission would take at least 24½ hours between launches. Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) worked at trying to lessen the time. MSC needed this information to determine capability of meeting launch windows on successive days in the rendezvous portion of the Gemini program.[4]
  • In the British courts, Ridge v Baldwin, a landmark case in the law of judicial review, was decided on appeal, holding that a public official cannot be dismissed without first being given notice of the grounds on which the decision was made, as well as an opportunity to be heard in his own defence.[51]
  • Mohammad Yusuf, Afghanistan's Minister of Mines and Industry, became the new Prime Minister of Afghanistan, as King Mohammed Zahir Shah appointed the first cabinet that did not include any members of the royal family, and the first to be dominated by technical experts.[52]
  • Robert Simpson's Symphony No. 3 was performed for the first time, premiered in England by the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.[53]
  • Born: Mike Muir, American singer who is the lead vocalist of the hardcore band Suicidal Tendencies; in Venice, Los Angeles[54]

March 15, 1963 (Friday)

March 16, 1963 (Saturday)

  • The British scientific journal, Nature, published an article by Maarten Schmidt entitled "3C 273 : A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift", marking the first announcement of the discovery of a quasar (quasi-stellar radio source).[61]
  • Died: Sir William Beveridge, 61, British economist, social reformer, and architect of the post-war welfare state in the United Kingdom.

March 17, 1963 (Sunday)

March 18, 1963 (Monday)

  • The
    United States Supreme Court issued its opinion in Gideon v. Wainwright, establishing the principle that any criminal defendant, unable to afford to pay for a lawyer, had an absolute right to have a public defender appointed for him or her, at government expense.[66]
  • On the same day, in
    county-unit system of voting. In the U.S. state of Georgia, state law awarded at least two "unit votes" to the candidate winning even the least populated rural county, and no more than six such units to the most populated counties. Justice William O. Douglas wrote "The conception of political equality... can mean only one thing— one person, one vote." At the time of the ruling, only Georgia, Mississippi, and Maryland retained the system.[67]
  • Somalia broke diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom because of Britain's support for Kenya in a border dispute between the two African nations.[68]
  • Born:
    Vanessa L. Williams, American pop singer, and first African-American woman to be crowned Miss America; in Tarrytown, New York
  • Died:
    Sir Hubert Gough
    , 92, British general

March 19, 1963 (Tuesday)

  • The Manned Spacecraft Center received a slow-scan television camera system, fabricated by Lear Siegler, Incorporated, for integration with Gordon Cooper's Mercury 9. Designed to be compact, the 8-pound (3.6 kg) TV camera could be focused on the pilot or used by the astronaut on other objects inside or outside the spacecraft. Ground support was installed at Mercury Control Center, the Canary Islands, and a "command ship" in the Pacific Ocean to receive and transmit pictures every two seconds.[2]
  • The 89-year-old ship
    SS Arctic Bear, which had served in the United States Coast Guard and the navy of Canada and had assisted the Antarctic exploration by Admiral Richard E. Byrd, was being towed from Nova Scotia to Philadelphia, where it was to be used as a floating restaurant. En route, the Bear ran into a storm and sank.[69][70]

March 20, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • Hope Cooke, a 22-year-old American student at Sarah Lawrence College, had a royal wedding, marrying Palden Thondup Namgyal, the Crown Prince of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim. For nearly ten years, she was the Queen of Sikkim, until the semi-independent monarchy was annexed into neighboring India in 1973. She later divorced Palden and returned to the United States.[71]
  • Qualification tests of the production prototype ablation heatshield for the Gemini spacecraft began and were successful.[4]
  • The United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement in Rome to work jointly on a weather satellite program.[72]
  • Born: David Thewlis (stage name for David Wheeler), English actor; in Blackpool, Lancashire

March 21, 1963 (Thursday)

March 22, 1963 (Friday)

  • In response to the previous day's parliamentary question, John Profumo told the House of Commons that "there was no impropriety whatsoever in my acquaintanceship with Miss Keeler".[82] Defence Minister Profumo, who had actually had an extramarital relationship with Christine Keeler, compounded the problem by telling his fellow Members of Parliament, "I shall not hesitate to issue writs for libel and slander if scandalous allegations are made or repeated outside the House."[83]
  • The
    Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini at the Fayziya Madrasa at Qom. Two of the students were beaten to death, and dozens other arrested, becoming the first martyrs of the Shah's campaign against the clergy, and Khomeini would begin his defiance of the Shah in June.[84][85]
  • The Beatles released their first album, Please Please Me.[86]
  • Born: Susan Ann Sulley, English vocalist for The Human League; in Sheffield[87]

March 23, 1963 (Saturday)

March 24, 1963 (Sunday)

  • The influential animated film
    Wanpaku Ōji no Orochi Taiji was released in Japan. Based on folk tales first written down in the year 712, the film was given a title that literally translated to "The Bratty Prince and the Giant Snake". It would be redubbed in English by Columbia Pictures for release in the U.S. as The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon.[90]
  • Lord Brookeborough (Basil Brooke), who had served as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland since 1943, retired. The next day, the Home Secretary of the United Kingdom appointed Terence O'Neill as the new Prime Minister.[91]

March 25, 1963 (Monday)

  • Pilot Ralph Flores and his passenger, Helen Klaben, were rescued, 49 days after their plane crashed in northern British Columbia. On February 4, Flores and Klaben had disappeared on their way back to the United States, and survived in sub-zero temperatures with almost no food for seven weeks. The story was made into the film
    Edward Asner and Sally Struthers portraying the two survivors.[92]
  • Isser Harel was fired as Director of the Mossad, after his defiance of Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion on attempting to stop West German scientists from working on rockets in Egypt. In Harel's place, Major General Meir Amit was appointed.[93]
  • During an official visit to Australia, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Council House, Perth.
  • Born: Robbie Fulks, American country singer; in York, Pennsylvania
  • Died:
    • Davey Moore, 29, American professional boxer who lost his world featherweight championship in a bout against Sugar Ramos, died of his injuries sustained in the fight.
    • Lyman Briggs
      , 88, American physicist, inventor and agricultural engineer

March 26, 1963 (Tuesday)

March 27, 1963 (Wednesday)

British Rail network, as it would have become if "Beeching axe" plans had been fully implemented (only bolded rail lines would have remained)
  • Dr.
    huge cuts to the United Kingdom's rail network.[94] Over a 12-year period, passenger service would be halted permanently at 29 separate rail routes. An author would note later that 4,500 miles (7,200 km) of routes, 2,500 stations, and 67,700 jobs would be ended by the closures.[95][96][97]
  • cosmonauts selected for the Soviet space program, ended their careers when they got drunk and then got into an argument with military guards at the Chkalovskaya subway station in Moscow. Rather than making it into outer space, all three were dismissed from the program.[98]
  • Born:
  • Died: Wallace C. Halsey, American evangelist, survivalist and UFO researcher, was killed in a plane crash along with the pilot, Harry Ross Jr, the former mayor of Seal Beach, California. Halsey and Ross had departed from Huntington Beach, California on a flight to Logan, Utah and their Piper Tri-Pacer airplane could not be located after an extensive search. Their fate remained unknown for 13 years until a deer hunter found the wreckage on October 30, 1976, on a mountainside near St. George, Utah.[99]

March 28, 1963 (Thursday)

March 29, 1963 (Friday)

  • A bolt of lightning struck the nose of a TWA Boeing 707 shortly after it took off a flight from London to New York and tore a 21-inch (530 mm) by 8-inch (200 mm) hole in the fuselage. The TWA pilot jettisoned 10,000 U.S. gallons of fuel while circling for 35 minutes over southwestern England before safely landing at London with his 110 passengers, who included 22 Methodist ministers on their way home from a tour of Israel, MGM Films President Robert O'Brien, and film actor Warren Beatty.[107]
  • The government of Cuba made "the hostile Castro regime's first apology to the United States", conceding that Cuban MiG jets had "probably fired in error" on the Floridian, an American merchant ship, the night before.[108]
  • Died:
    • Gaspard Fauteux, 64, Canadian parliamentarian, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons (1945—1949) and the 19th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (1950—1958).[109]
    • Ruby Agnes Owens, 54, American country singer who performed as "Texas Ruby"; in a fire at her mobile home near Nashville[110][111]

March 30, 1963 (Saturday)

  • Quarter-final matches in the 1962–63 FA Cup football competition were played after a postponement of three weeks, resulting from other match delays caused by the severe winter in the UK.
  • The first direct dialed trans-Atlantic telephone calls were made between the United Kingdom and the United States, through switching stations at London and White Plains, New York.[112]
  • Graham Hill won the 1963 Lombank Trophy motor race at Snetterton circuit, UK.[113]
  • Born:
    Zereg[114]

March 31, 1963 (Sunday)

  • A military coup in Guatemala overthrew the government of President Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, who was flown to exile in Nicaragua after the takeover by his Defense Minister, Colonel Enrique Peralta Azurdia. The coup took place after Juan José Arévalo, a Communist supporter and former President, returned to Guatemala and announced that he would run in the November presidential election. Ex-President Ydígoras, who had believed that Arévalo had a good chance of winning the race, told reporters the next day, "What is going on in Guatemala is for her own good and for the good of the rest of Central America."[115] Peralta would remain in power until 1966.[116]
  • The
    1962 New York City newspaper strike ended after 114 days. The New York Times and the New York Herald-Tribune printed and sold editions that night, at a new price (10 cents), twice as much as before the strike began on December 6.[117]
  • The 1963 South American Championship football competition was won by host country Bolivia.[118]
  • Walter Nash retired as Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party.[119]

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  95. ^ Wilson, A. N. (2009). Our Times: The Age of Elizabeth II. Macmillan. pp. 96–97.
  96. ^ Holland, Julian (2013). Dr Beeching's Axe 50 Years On: Memories of Britain's Lost Railways. David & Charles.
  97. ^ "Those were the days".
  98. ^ Burgess, Colin; Hall, Rex (2008). The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies. Springer. p. 356.
  99. ^ O'Reilley, Richard (3 November 1976). "Remains of Ex-Seal Beach Mayor Found at Crash Site". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. p. 164. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  100. ^ "4 Women Give the Odds a Licking in Bridge Game". Chicago Tribune. March 30, 1963. p. 1.
  101. ^ "Bridge Hands Beat Odds Of 2 Octillion-To-1". Orlando Sentinel. October 25, 1963. p. 1-B.
  102. ^ "Four Perfect Bridge Hands Wasted". Chicago Tribune. January 29, 1964. pp. 2–5.
  103. Guinness Book of World Records (1978 ed.). Sterling Publishing
    . p. 570.
  104. ^ Paden, John N. (1973). Religion and Political Culture in Kano. University of California Press. pp. 266–269.
  105. ISBN 9780900178023
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  106. ^ "Whatever Happened to...Bernice King". Ebony. October 1983.
  107. ^ "Lightning Rips Jet; 110 Safe". Detroit Free Press. March 30, 1963. p. 1.
  108. ^ "CUBA APOLOGIZES TO U.S. FOR JETS' RAID ON SHIP— Havana Says MiGs 'Erred'". Detroit Free Press. March 30, 1963. p. 1.
  109. ^ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  110. ^ "Sixth 'Opry' Member Dies in Accident". Chicago Tribune. March 16, 1963. p. 2.
  111. ^ "Fire Kills Ex-Star Of Grand Ole Opry". Pittsburgh Press. March 30, 1963. p. 12.
  112. ^ Robert J. Chapuis, Amos E. Joel, 100 Years of Telephone Switching: Manual and Electromechanical Switching, 1878-1960's (IOS Press, 2003) p290
  113. ISBN 978-0-02-599210-8
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  114. ISBN 978-1-349-57823-8
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  115. ^ "Guatemala Coup Stops Reds", Miami News, April 1, 1963, p1
  116. ^ Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Terror in the Land of the Holy Spirit: Guatemala under General Efrain Rios Montt 1982-1983 (Oxford University Press, 2010) p27
  117. ^ "News-Hungry N.Y. Gobbles Up Papers", Miami News, April 1, 1963, p1
  118. ^ South American Championship 1963 at RSSSF
  119. ^ The Illustrated London News. Illustrated London News & Sketch Limited. 1963. p. 358.
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