Marco Pantani
Personal information | |||||||||||||||
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Full name | Marco Pantani | ||||||||||||||
Nickname | Il Pirata ("The Pirate") Elefantino ("The Little Elephant")[1] | ||||||||||||||
Born | Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy | 13 January 1970||||||||||||||
Died | 14 February 2004 Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy | (aged 34)||||||||||||||
Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | ||||||||||||||
Weight | 57 kg (126 lb; 9 st 0 lb) | ||||||||||||||
Team information | |||||||||||||||
Discipline | Road | ||||||||||||||
Role | Rider | ||||||||||||||
Rider type | Climber | ||||||||||||||
Amateur teams | |||||||||||||||
1989 | G.S. Rinascita Ravenna | ||||||||||||||
1990–1992 | G.S. Giacobazzi-Nonantola | ||||||||||||||
Professional teams | |||||||||||||||
1992–1996 | Carrera Jeans–Vagabond | ||||||||||||||
1997–2003 | Mercatone Uno | ||||||||||||||
Major wins | |||||||||||||||
Grand Tours
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Medal record
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Marco Pantani (Italian:
Pantani's cycling style was off-the-saddle, and was a relentless climbing style. His early death caused by acute
Although Pantani never tested positive during his career, his career was beset by doping allegations. In the
Early life and amateur career
Pantani was born on 13 January 1970 in
Professional career
1992–1996: early years
His success at the Girobio led to his turning professional for the remainder of the 1992 season with
In 1994, he finished fourth at the
1997: move to Mercatone Uno
When Carrera Jeans manufacturers stopped sponsoring the renowned Italian cycling team Carrera Jeans–Tassoni at the end of 1996, a new team based in Italy was formed with Marco Pantani as the team leader. Luciano Pezzi founded Mercatone Uno, taking with him as directeur sportifs Giuseppe Martinelli, Davide Cassani and Alessandro Giannelli and ten of the riders from Carrera.[15] Pantani returned to the Giro in 1997, but he was injured when a black cat caused an accident in front of him during one of the first stages.[16] Even though he completed the stage, he was treated at a hospital for a muscle injury in the same leg he had hurt in 1995.[17] He returned to action at the 1997 Tour de France and won two stages in the Alps, establishing a record time for the climb of Alpe d'Huez and winning two days later at Morzine. Jan Ullrich won, with Pantani third behind Richard Virenque.[18] In 1997, Pantani rode the final 14.5 km to L`Alpe d`Huez in 37'35" minutes, which is the record to this day based on 14.5 km. Since the actual climb is just 13.8 km long, Pantani's time in 1997 was 36'55" minutes based on 13.8 km. His personal record for 13.8 km was in 1995, when he rode the climb in 36'50" minutes, which remains the fastest ascent time to this day. He also holds the second and third fastest time at 36'55" in 1997 and 37'15" in 1994, followed by Lance Armstrong at 37'36" in 2004 and Jan Ullrich at 37'41" in 1997.[19]
1998: Giro and Tour wins
In 1998, Pantani was considered a favorite to win the
In the Tour de France, Pantani started the race by finishing 181st of 189 riders in the opening prologue, and losing over four minutes in the first individual time trial to 1997 Tour de France winner Jan Ullrich. Pantani pulled back these early time losses to Ullrich, first in the Pyrenees by taking 23 seconds off Ullrich in the stage to Luchon[27] and winning the stage to Plateau de Beille, where he took an additional minute and forty seconds from Ullrich.[28] Although he was still three minutes behind Ullrich after the Pyrenees, he defeated him by almost nine minutes in the first mountain stage in the Alps, from Grenoble to Les Deux Alpes, via the Col de la Croix de Fer and Col du Galibier. Pantani launched an attack on the ascent of Galibier, forty-eight kilometers from the finish. He stopped to put on a rain jacket at the summit to win on the final ascent to Deux Alpes.[29] Pantani turned his three-minute deficit on Ullrich into a six-minute advantage that he maintained in the following stages to win the Tour de France ahead of Jan Ullrich and Bobby Julich. Pantani became the first Italian since Felice Gimondi in 1965 to win the Tour and the seventh rider in history to achieve the Giro-Tour double, a feat which no one had achieved since Miguel Induráin succeeded in 1993. As of 2024, he is the last rider to win the Giro and the Tour in the same year. Following his success in the Tour, he stated that he may have won the cleanest Tour because of the fear of police following the Festina affair.[30] Although he had just ended what would be his most successful season and he had always dreamed about winning the yellow jersey, he later stated that he felt more alone than ever.[12] French cycling magazine Vélo Magazine awarded him the Vélo d'Or as the best rider of 1998.
1999: expelled at Madonna di Campiglio
In 1999, Pantani started the season by winning a stage and the overall classification of Vuelta a Murcia as well as a stage at the Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme. Pantani was leading the Giro d'Italia, with only one mountain stage left, when a blood test at Madonna di Campiglio showed that he had a 52-per cent hematocrit reading, above the 50-per cent upper limit set by UCI. He was expelled from the race and forced to take a two-week break from racing, with no further action taken. Although the hematocrit test is officially branded as a "health check", a high reading suggests that a rider may have been blood doping with EPO.[31][32] At the time of his disqualification, Pantani had won four stages and held a comfortable lead of five minutes and thirty-eight seconds over Paolo Savoldelli and also led in the points and mountains classifications. As a result, the entire Mercatone Uno–Bianchi team withdrew from the race.[33] Pantani stayed away from the rest of the year's races.
2000–2003: late years
In 2000, he was back in the Giro after deciding to ride only the day before the race started. He lost time and could not attack until the last mountain stage to
After that, he raced sporadically in 2001 and 2002, although he was demoralised from doping suspicions and had poor results. During the
Doping
After being disqualified at the 1999 Giro d'Italia for a hematocrit reading of 52 per cent, above the 50-per cent upper limit set by UCI, Pantani faced persistent allegations of doping throughout the rest of his career.[41] Pantani has never been found using doping and has never been disqualified for doping.[42]
The trial for the 1999 Giro d'Italia irregular blood values began in April 2003 and Pantani was eventually acquitted because doping was not considered a crime by the law at that time.
In 1999, the Italian newspaper la Repubblica published information that linked Pantani to an investigation on the use of performance-enhancing substances in Italian sports. According to the information released by the newspaper, Francesco Conconi administered EPO to Italian athletes from 1993 to 1998, including Pantani and other cyclists of Carrera.[56][57] It was revealed that Pantani's name appeared on a file marked "Dblab", seized from Conconi's Biomedical Research Institute at Ferrara, which detailed athlete's hematocrit levels between 1993 and 1995. In 1994, his haematocrit values fluctuated from 40.7% on 16 March, early in the season, to 54.55% on 23 May, during the first stages of the Giro d'Italia. His values reached 58% on 8 June, after winning two stages of the race, and were 57.4% on 27 July, after the Tour de France. In March 1995, his hematocrit values had dropped to 45%, but they reached 56% in July during the Tour de France, where he won two stages; and over 60% in October, after the accident in the Milano–Torino.[58][59][60] In 2004, Conconi and his two assistants were acquitted by judge Franca Oliva because the actions were not deemed illegal at the time, although they were deemed "morally guilty" of promoting doping.[61][62]
During the
In 2006, two years after his death, Pantani was linked to the
On the penultimate stage of 1998 Giro d'Italia, Pantani's teammate Riccardo Forconi was expelled from the race for an haematocrit value above 50 per cent. Ivano Fanini, the manager of Amore & Vita–Giubileo 2000–Beretta, suggested during the early stages of 1999 Giro d'Italia that Pantani and Forconi had exchanged their blood samples in order to avoid Pantani's disqualification. According to Fanini, Forconi's haematocrit value was only 47 per cent the previous day.[68] In 2008, Fanini further claimed that Forconi had received a house for the exchange but Forconi refuted these claims.[69][70]
Matt Rendell's biography of Pantani suggests he used recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) throughout his professional career. It alleges that seasonal hematocrit levels from several sources showed variations which exceeded those possible naturally, and that Pantani's main victories were probably won also thanks to blood hematocrit levels which could have been up to 60%.[71]
A French senate report into doping released in July 2013 conjectured that Pantani, Jan Ullrich, Bobby Julich, Erik Zabel, Jacky Durand, Laurent Desbiens had tested positive for EPO during retroactive testing of samples from the 1998 Tour de France conducted in 2004 but the tests aren't valid because the samples taken didn't conform to antidoping standards.[72][73]
Death
In the early evening of 14 February 2004, Pantani was found dead at a hotel in
Pantani was buried in his hometown, Cesenatico. Twenty thousand mourners were at his funeral, which was attended by Franco Ballerini, Alberto Tomba, Azeglio Vicini, Mario Cipollini and Diego Maradona among others.[80] During the funeral, his manager Manuela Ronchi read notes that Pantani had written in his passport during a trip to Cuba:
For four years I've been in every court, I just lost my desire to be like all the other sportsmen, but cycling has paid and many youngsters have lost their faith in justice. All my colleagues have been humiliated, with TV cameras hidden in their hotel rooms to try and ruin families. How could you not hurt yourself after that?[14][81]
Miguel Induráin, five-times Tour de France winner, praised Pantani by saying: "He got people hooked on the sport. There may be riders who have achieved more than him, but they never succeeded in drawing in the fans like he did."[82]
Legacy
In the years following his death, Pantani was the subject of several articles, books, songs and a film. Biographies and accounts on the life of Pantani have been written by sports journalists John Wilcockson and Matt Rendell, among others.[83] Manuela Ronchi, Pantani's manager for five years, published an account on the last few years of Pantani's life titled Man on the Run.[84] His mother Tonina Pantani also published a book in 2008 titled Era mio figlio (He Was My Son).[85] A graphic novel titled Gli ultimi giorni di Marco Pantani (The Last Days of Marco Pantani) was released in 2011, chronicling the events that led up to Pantani's death. It was based on a book published by French journalist Philippe Brunel, a friend of Pantani, suggesting that Pantani may have been murdered.[86] Italian television RAI aired a television film in 2007 titled Il Pirata: Marco Pantani, a biographical film which starred Rolando Ravello as Marco Pantani.[87] A documentary on Pantani's life titled Pantani: The Accidental Death of a Cyclist was released in May 2014 in cinemas.[88]
The Memorial Marco Pantani has been organised annually since 2004 in his memory. The race starts in Cesenatico, Pantani's hometown, and follows a route towards his birthplace, Cesena. Giro d'Italia's organisers decided to dedicate a mountain pass to Pantani's memory every year. In the 2004 edition, the first Cima Pantani was Mortirolo Pass, a mountain that played a key role in Pantani's history. When Mortirolo was included in the Giro for the third time in 1994, Pantani attacked and left everyone behind to earn a win at Aprica. The 16th stage of 2004 Tour de France was dedicated to Pantani's memory. This stage was an individual time trial up to Alpe d'Huez, where Marco Pantani won in 1995 and 1997.[89]
A number of monuments and memorials have been erected in his honor at, among other places, Mortirolo Pass,[90] Colle Fauniera,[91] Col du Galibier,[92] and his hometown Cesenatico.[93]
Career achievements
Major results
- 1990
- 3rd Overall Girobio
- 1991
- 1st Gran Premio di Poggiana
- 2nd Overall Girobio
- 1st Stage 10
- 1992
- 1st Overall Girobio
- 1st Stages 9 & 10
- 3rd Memorial Gastone Nencini
- 1993
- 5th Overall Giro del Trentino
- 1994
- 2nd Overall Giro d'Italia
- 1st Stages 14 & 15
- 3rd Overall Tour de France
- 4th Overall Giro del Trentino
- 4th Giro di Toscana
- 1995
- Tour de France
- 1st Young rider classification
- 1st Stages 10 & 14
- 1st Stage 8 Tour de Suisse
- 3rd Road race, UCI Road World Championships
- 3rd Polynormande
- 5th Giro dell'Appennino
- 6th Subida a Urkiola
- 7th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
- 1997
- 1st Rominger Classic
- 2nd Overall À travers Lausanne
- 3rd Overall Tour de France
- 1st Stages 13 & 15
- 3rd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
- 1st Stage 5b
- 4th Overall Critérium International
- 5th La Flèche Wallonne
- 8th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
- 10th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
- 1998
- 1st Overall Tour de France
- 1st Stages 11 & 15
- 1st Overall Giro d'Italia
- 1st Mountains classification
- 1st Stages 14 & 19
- 1st Overall À travers Lausanne
- 1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 2
- 1st Rominger Classic
- 1st Boucles de l'Aulne
- 3rd Overall Vuelta a Murcia
- 4th Overall Giro del Trentino
- 1999
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Murcia
- 1st Stage 4
- Giro d'Italia
- 1st Stages 8, 15, 19 & 20
- 1st Stage 2 Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
- 3rd Overall Giro del Trentino
- 8th Clásica de Almería
- 8th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
- 2000
- Tour de France
- 1st Stages 12 & 15
- 2003
- 10th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
Grand Tour | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giro d'Italia | DNF | 2 | — | — | DNF | 1 | DNF | 28 | DNF | DNF | 14 |
Tour de France | — | 3 | 13 | — | 3 | 1 | — | DNF | — | — | — |
Vuelta a España | — | — | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | DNF | — | — |
— | Did not compete |
---|---|
DNF | Did not finish |
Awards
- Vélo d'Or: 1998
See also
- Pink jersey statistics
- Yellow jersey statistics
- List of Grand Tour general classification winners
- List of Giro d'Italia general classification winners
- List of Giro d'Italia classification winners
- List of Tour de France general classification winners
- List of Tour de France secondary classification winners
- List of doping cases in cycling
Citations
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... bad luck struck him again in the Giro in June 1997, when a black cat – yes, really – crossed the road and caused a mass crash of riders trying to swerve around it. Pantani went down and was out until the Tour a month later.
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- ISBN 978-0-297-85096-0.
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References
- Dauncey, Hugh; Hare, Geoff (2003). The Tour De France, 1903–2003: a Century of Sporting Structures, Meanings and Values. London: Frank Cass & Co. ISBN 978-0-203-50241-9. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-7475-9521-2. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-7360-4021-1. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour De France, Volume 2: 1965–2007. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
Further reading
- Fiore, Stefano (2004). Pantani Vive [Pantani lives] (in Italian). De Eecloonaar. ISBN 978-90-77562-05-5. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-4729-1304-3.
- Friebe, Daniel (2014), "Il Pirata", in Bacon, Ellis; ISBN 978-0-2240-9243-2
- Rendell, Matt (2006). The Death of Marco Pantani: A Biography. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85096-0. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- Ronchi, Manuela; Josti, Gianfranco (2005). Man on the Run: The Life and Death of Marco Pantani. Robson Books. ISBN 978-1-86105-920-8. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- Wilcockson, John, ed. (2005). Marco Pantani: The Legend of a Tragic Champion. VeloPress. ISBN 978-1-931382-65-6.
- Savage, Drew (7 August 2023). "Marco Pantani: Italian cycling hero's mysterious death and maverick life". BBC. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
External links
- Marco Pantani Foundation
- Marco Pantani at Cycling Archives