Mardin Province

Coordinates: 37°21′47″N 40°54′31″E / 37.36306°N 40.90861°E / 37.36306; 40.90861
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Mardin Province
Ancient city of Dara
Ancient city of Dara
Location of the province within Turkey
Location of the province within Turkey
CountryTurkey
SeatMardin
Government
 • ValiTuncay Akkoyun
Area
8,780 km2 (3,390 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
870,374
 • Density99/km2 (260/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Area code0482
Websitewww.mardin.bel.tr
www.mardin.gov.tr

Mardin Province (

Arabic: محافظة ماردين) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2,[2] and its population is 870,374 (2022).[1] The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin
is the second largest city.

Districts

Mardin district locations

Mardin Province is divided into 10 districts:

Demographics

Mardin Province is a linguistically, ethnically and religiously diverse province.[3] The dominant ethnic groups are Arabs, Assyrians and Kurds of which Kurds constitute a majority.[4] Other minor groups include Armenians, Chechens and Turks, while Jews lived in the area before migrating to Israel around 1948.[5] The Chechens settled in the region during the Russo-Turkish War in 1877/1878.[4]

The distinctive Mhallami community also reside in the district.[6]

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.[7] In 1990, it was estimated that Kurds constituted 75% of the population.[8]

Social relations

Social relations between Arabs and Kurds have historically been difficult with hostility, prejudice and stereotypes but have in recent years improved.

Kurdish–Turkish conflict and the position of the two groups have been described as being 'submissive' to the Turkish state, creating distrust between them and the Kurds. Kurds perceived Arabs as spies for the state and local Arabs in Mardin city tended to exclude and dominate local politics in the city.[10] Arabs started losing their grip on Mardin city in the 2010s and the Kurdish BDP won the city in the local elections in 2014. Mardin city had previously been governed by pro-state parties supported by local Arabs.[11]

Despite the difficult relations, Arab families have since the 1980s joined the Kurdish cause,[9] and Arab and Assyrian politicians from Mardin are found in Peoples' Democratic Party including Mithat Sancar and Februniye Akyol.

Language

Mother tongue, Mardin Province, 1927 Turkish census[12]
Turkish Greek Armenian French Italian English Arabic Persian[a] Jewish[b] Circassian
Kurdish
Tatar Albanian Bulgarian Syriac[c]
11,864 25 22 11 7 3 51,734 71 15 109,841 1 49 1 9,812

In the first Turkish census in 1927,

Kurdish and Arabic were the first language for 60.9% and 28.7% of the population, respectively. Turkish stood as the third largest language at 6.6%. In the 1935 census, Kurdish and Arabic remained the two most spoken languages for 63.8% and 24.9% of the population, respectively. Turkish remained as the third largest language at 6.9%.[13] In the 1945 census, Kurdish stood at 66.4%, Arabic at 24.1% and Turkish at 5.6%.[14] In 1950, the numbers were 66.3%, 23.1% and 7.5% for Kurdish, Arabic and Turkish, respectively.[15] The same numbers were 65.8%, 16.5% and 12.9% in 1955, and 66.4%, 20.9% and 8.6% in 1960.[16] In the last Turkish census in 1965, Kurdish remained the largest language spoken by 71% of the population, while Arabic remained the second largest language at 20% and Turkish stood at 8.9%.[17]

A 2018 estimate put the Kurdish language at 70%, Arabic at 30% and Syriac at 1%.[4]

Religion

In the Ottoman yearbook of 1894–1895,

Protestants at 1.6% and Chaldeans at 0.9%.[18]

Religion, Mardin Province, 1927 Turkish census[19]
Muslim Catholic Protestant Orthodox Armenian Christian Jewish Other religion Unknown
163,274 1,634 157 1 118 3,601 490 9,521 1,660

Muslims comprised 90.5% of the population in 1927, while Christians of various denominations stood at 3.1% and Jews at 0.3%.[20] In 1935, Muslims comprised 91.2% of the population, while Christians remained the second largest minority at 5.3%. The Jewish population declined to 72 individuals from 490 in 1927.[21] In 1945, 92.1% of the population was Muslim, while Christians were 3.8% of the population.[22] The same numbers were 93.2% and 6.8% in 1955.[23] In 1960, Muslims constituted 93.7% and Christians remained at 6.3%.[24] Same numbers were 91.9% and 5.7% in 1965.[25]

It was estimated that 25,000 Assyrian members of the Syriac Orthodox Church still lived in the province in 1979.[26] Only 4,000 Assyrians remained in the province in 2020, most having migrated to Europe or Istanbul since the 1980s.[27]

Economy

In Mardin agriculture is an important branch accounting for 70% of the province's income.[28] Bulgur, lentils or wheat and other grains are produced.[28] In the capital, there are many civil servants, mostly Turks.[28] Close markets for foreign trade are Syria and Iraq.[28]

History

The first known civilization were the Subarian-Hurrians who were then succeeded in 3000 BCE by the Hurrians. The Akkadian Empire gained control around 2230 BCE and were followed by the Assyrians, Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians again, Romans and Byzantines.[29]

The local

Deyrulumur Monastery. The Christian community is concentrated on the Tur Abdin plateau and in the town of Midyat, with a smaller community (approximately 200) in the provincial capital. After the foundation of Turkey, the province has been a target of a Turkification policy, removing most traces of a non-Turkish heritage.[30]

Inspectorate General

In 1927 the office of the

Democrat Party.[33] The Mardin province was also included in a wider military zone in 1928, in which the entrance to the zone was forbidden for foreigners until 1965.[34]

State of Emergency

In 1987 the province was included in the

OHAL region governed in a state of emergency.[35] In November 1996 the state of emergency regulation was removed.[36]

Largest cities

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Mardin Province (2021)
Rank Pop.
1 Kızıltepe 184,124
2 Mardin 129,864
3 Nusaybin 84,445
4 Midyat 83,148
5
Derik
20,566
6 Dargeçit 14,976
7 Mazıdağı 13,117
8 Yeşilli 10,846
9 Gökçe 10,190
10 Ortaköy 10,096

Gallery

Bibliography

  • Dündar, Fuat (2000), Türkiye nüfus sayımlarında azınlıklar (in Turkish),

Notes

  1. ^ Acemce, which can also refer to the Achomi language.
  2. ^ Yahudice, which can also refer to the Hebrew language or any Judeo-Arabic dialect.
  3. ^ Süryani, which can also refer to the classical extinct liturgical Syriac language.

References

  1. ^
    TÜİK
    . Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  3. .
  4. ^ .
  5. .
  6. .
  7. .
  8. from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  9. ^ .
  10. .
  11. .
  12. .
  13. ^ Dündar (2000), pp. 157 & 164.
  14. ^ Dündar (2000), pp. 179–180.
  15. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 188.
  16. ^ Dündar (2000), pp. 200–201, 209–210.
  17. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 220.
  18. ^ Tosun, Mehtap (2018). "Dissolution of Craft in the Context of Ethnicity, Gender and Class" (PDF). Middle East Technical University: 118.
  19. .
  20. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 159.
  21. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 178.
  22. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 175.
  23. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 203.
  24. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 212.
  25. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 223.
  26. ^ Christian Minorities of Turkey: Report Produced by the Churches Committee on Migrant Workers in Europe. 1979. p. 12. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Turkish Assyrians worry about declining community, fragile heritage". The Arab Weekly. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  28. ^ .
  29. ^ "- Antik Tatlıdede Konağı – Mardin". www.tatlidede.com.tr. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  30. .
  31. .
  32. .
  33. .
  34. .
  35. .
  36. ^ "Turkey, Country Assessment, November 2002" (PDF). Ecoi. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  37. ^ "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.

External links

37°21′47″N 40°54′31″E / 37.36306°N 40.90861°E / 37.36306; 40.90861