Maria Deraismes
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Maria Deraismes | |
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Born | Marie Adélaïde Deraismes 17 August 1828 Paris, France |
Died | 6 February 1894 | (aged 65)
Occupation | Writer, Suffragist |
Years active | Paris, France |
Relatives | Anna Féresse-Deraismes (sister) |
Maria Deraismes (17 August 1828 – 6 February 1894) was a French author, Freemason, and major pioneering force for women's rights.
Biography
Born in
In 1866 a feminist group called the Société pour la Revendication du Droit des Femmes began to meet at the house of
Because of the broad range of opinions, the group decided to focus on the subject of improving girls' education.
Following the ouster of
Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry on 14 January 1882, when it was still rare for a woman to be admitted into that Fraternity. She joined "Les Libres Penseurs" Lodge, of Pecq, a small village to the west of Paris. A year later, she and Georges Martin organized a Masonic lodge that allowed both men and women as members. From this co-masonic Lodge developed the Grande Loge Symbolique Ecossaise "Le Droit Humain", which grew into the International Order of Freemasonry Le Droit Humain.
With support of other suffragettes such as Hubertine Auclert, Deraismes worked to achieve political emancipation for women. She stood as a symbolic candidate in the elections of 1885.
On her death in 1894, Deraismes was interred in the Montmartre Cemetery. Her complete writings were published in 1895. Much information on her work can be found at the Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand in Paris.
To honor her memory, a street in
Publications
Original editions
- Nos principes et nos mœurs, Paris, Michel Lévy frères, 1868.
- L’Ancien devant le nouveau, Paris, Librairie nationale, 1869.
- Lettre au clergé français, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1879.
- Les Droits de l’enfant, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1887.
- Épidémie naturaliste [Émile Zola et la science, discours prononcé au profit d’une société pour l’enseignement en 1880] par Maria Deraismes, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1888, available at Gallica.
- Ève dans l’humanité, Paris, L. Sauvaitre, 1891, available at Gallica.
- Le Théâtre de M. Sardou, conference held on 21 January 1875, at the salle des Capucines, Paris, Édouard Dentu, 1875, available at Gallica.
- Ligue populaire contre l'abus de la vivisection : Discours prononcé par Mlle. Maria Deraismes, à la conférence donnée le 23 septembre 1883, au Théâtre des Nations, Paris, A. Ghio, 1884, available at Gallica.
- Œuvres complètes de Maria Deraismes
- Volume 1 : France et progrès ; Conférence sur la noblesse, Paris, Félix Alcan, October 1895, available at Gallica.
- Volume 2 : Eve dans l'Humanité ; Le Droits de l'Enfant, Paris, Félix Alcan, January 1896, available at Gallica.
- Volume 3 : Nos Principes et nos Mœurs ; L'ancien devant le Nouveau, Paris, Félix Alcan, January 1897, available at Gallica.
- Volume 4 : Lettre au clergé français ; Polémique religieuse, 1898.
- Volume 1 : France et progrès ; Conférence sur la noblesse, Paris, Félix Alcan, October 1895, available at
Modern editions
- Éve dans l'humanité, articles et conférences de Maria Deraismes, Préface d'Yvette Roudy, éd. Abeille et Castor, Angoulême, 2008. ISBN 9781146166898
- Les Droits de L'enfant : conférence de Maria Deraismes, Lyon, Éd. Mario Mella, 1999. ISBN 9782912071071
- Ce que veulent les femmes, articles et discours de 1869 à 1894, éd. Syros, 1980. ISBN 9782901968399
References
- ^ "Le Petit Parisien", Obituary, 7 February 1894, Gallica, accessed 23 October 2013
- ^ McMillan 2002, p. 130.
- ^ Bidelman 1976, p. 94ff.
Sources
- Bidelman, Patrick Kay (Summer 1976). "The Politics of French Feminism: Léon Richer and the Ligue Française pour le Droit des Femmes, 1882-1891". Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques. 3 (1). Berghahn Books: 93–120. JSTOR 41298677.
- McMillan, James F. (2002-01-08). France and Women, 1789-1914: Gender, Society and Politics. Routledge. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-134-58957-9. Retrieved 2014-10-23.
- "History of Le Droit Humain". History of Le Droit Humain. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
External links
- Media related to Maria Deraismes at Wikimedia Commons
- The International Order of Freemasonry for Men and Women, LE DROIT HUMAIN