Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Basilica of St Denis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse |
Louis, Dauphin of France (m. 1697) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issue Detail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (6 December 1685 – 12 February 1712) was the wife of Le Grand Dauphin, in 1711. She died of measles in 1712, followed by her husband a week later.
Early life and backgroundBorn at the Maria Luisa frequented the Vigno di Madama outside Turin, and paid weekly visits to their grandmother at the Palazzo Madama in Turin.[4]
Marie Adelaide was tiny, even described as "doll-sized." Her hair was chestnut in her youth, and darkened as she grew up. Her eyes were large and black, surrounded by long eyelashes.[6] Betrothal and marriageThe marriage of Marie Adélaïde came as a result of the Treaty of Turin signed on 29 August 1696. This treaty between her father and Louis XIV agreed that her father would support France in the Nine Years' War.[7] Her father's dominions had been ravaged during the war. Victor Amadeus had first proposed Marie Adélaïde as a candidate for marriage with the Maréchal de Tessé, who suggested that Marie Adelaïde be sent to France to perfect her education before marrying the French prince.[9]
Upon her arrival in France, Louis XIV, who had come to greet her, met her in Versailles .
On 6 December 1697, on her twelfth birthday, Marie Adelaïde was formally married to the Duke of Burgundy in the Treaty of Ryswick which ended the Nine Years' War. Her husband was the eldest son of Le Grand Dauphin and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria.[12]
Duchess of BurgundyThe new Duchess of Burgundy had a close relationship with the king and with Madame de Maintenon. Her arrival in Versailles was described "like a breath of fresh air," reviving the dull court.[13] She also maintained an ongoing correspondence with her parents and grandmother back in Savoy.
Louis de Rouvroy in his memoirs, depicts the dauphine as an accomplished woman at court, full of spirit and energy.[14] She used her influence over the aging king to prevent her political enemies from furthering their causes. This group, known as the cabale de Meudon, devoted themselves to her father-in-law, hoping to secure themselves in his expected reign upon the death of Louis XIV. Her great enemy was the Madame de Montespan. The Duchess of Bourbon wanted her daughter Mademoiselle de Bourbon to wed Charles, Duke of Berry, youngest son of the Grand Dauphin. To maintain her influence over her grandfather-in-law, the Duchess of Burgundy organized Berry's marriage to Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, the eldest daughter of Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans and of his wife Françoise Marie de Bourbon.[15] The influential Marie Adélaïde also brought about the disgrace of Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, the great military man of the era.[16]
The Duchess of Burgundy gave birth to her first child in 1704. The child, a short-lived boy, was given the title Louis XV of France .
Dauphine of FranceIn early April 1711, her father-in-law Le Grand Dauphin caught smallpox and died on 14 April at the Château de Meudon.[18] Upon the death of Le Grand Dauphin, Marie Adélaïde's husband became Dauphin of France and she Dauphine of France. The mourning court traveled to Madame later said that Marie Adélaïde was one of only two persons Louis XIV had ever truly loved in his life, the other being Anne of Austria, the king's mother. After the Dauphine's death, the royal family moved to Marly to avoid the spread of infection. It was at Marly that the Dauphin himself died six days later, having caught the measles from his wife.[20]
The couple was buried together at the Marie Adélaïde in his mother's honour.[21]
The Dauphine was the subject of a statue held at the Louvre in which she posed as the Roman goddess Diana which was crafted by Antoine Coysevox in 1710. Issue
In fiction
Novel by Saga Hillbom (2019) Ancestry
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References
- ^ Fraser 2006, p. 244.
- ^ Symcox 1983, p. 79.
- ^ Williams 1909, p. 34.
- ^ a b Williams 1909, p. 35.
- ^ Williams 1909, p. 37.
- OCLC 148996524.
- ^ Symcox 1983, p. 116.
- ^ Williams 1909, p. 59.
- ^ Williams 1909, p. 55.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 192.
- ^ Fraser 2006, p. 248.
- ^ Fraser 2006, p. 295.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 210.
- ISBN 978-2-07-038234-7.
- ^ Fraser 2006, p. 238.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 219.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 209.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 226.
- ^ Williams 1909, p. 452.
- ^ Mitford 1966, p. 231.
- ^ a b Williams 1909, p. 465.
- ^ Anselm de Gibours (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. pp. 179–180.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 24.
Sources
- Lurgo, Elisabetta (2024). Marie-Adélaïde de Savoie, duchesse de Bourgogne, mère de Louis XV. Paris: Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-10013-1.
- Fraser, Antonia (2006). Love and Louis XIV; The Women in the Life of the Sun King. London: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-7538-2293-8.
- Mitford, Nancy (1966). The Sun King. London: Penguin Publishing. ISBN 0-14-023967-7.
- Symcox, Geoffrey (1983). Victor Amadeus II: absolutism in the Savoyard State, 1675-1730. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04974-1.
- Williams, H. Noel (1909). A Rose of Savoy, Marie Adelaide of Savoy, duchesse de Bourgogne, Mother of Louis XV. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
External links
Media related to Marie Adélaïde of Savoy at Wikimedia Commons