Mark Taimanov
Mark Taimanov | |
---|---|
Died | 28 November 2016 Saint Petersburg, Russia | (aged 90)
Title | Grandmaster (1952) |
Peak rating | 2600 (July 1971) |
Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Russian: Марк Евгеньевич Тайманов; 7 February 1926 – 28 November 2016) was one of the leading Soviet and Russian chess players, among the world's top 20 players from 1946 to 1971. A prolific chess author, Taimanov was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 1952 and in 1956 won the USSR Chess Championship.[1] He was a World Championship Candidate in 1953 and 1971, and several opening variations are named after him. Taimanov was also a world-class concert pianist.[2]
Early life
Taimanov was born in
Taimanov's mother Serafima Ivanovna Ilyina came from an
Chess career
He was awarded the
Soviet team play
He represented Leningrad in internal Soviet regional team competitions, scoring (+36−24=56) in 116 games, across 15 events, between 1948 and 1983.[13] He represented the sports society "Burevestnik" (Students) in internal Soviet club team competitions.
Soviet championships
He played in 23 USSR Chess Championships (a record equalled by Efim Geller), tying for first place twice. In 1952 he lost the playoff match to Mikhail Botvinnik, who was World Champion at the time. In 1956, after finishing equal with Yuri Averbakh and Boris Spassky in the tournament proper, he won a match-tournament ahead of them, for the title.[14]
Loss to Fischer
Taimanov lost to Bobby Fischer in the 1971 Candidates quarterfinal by the unprecedented score of 6–0. About this match, Taimanov later recalled that Fischer "was an incredibly tough defender" and that "the third game proved to be the turning point of the match".[15] After his loss to Fischer, the Soviet government was embarrassed, and, as Taimanov later put it in a 2002 interview, found it "unthinkable" that he could have lost the match so badly to an American without a "political explanation".[15] Soviet officials took away Taimanov's salary and no longer allowed him to travel overseas. The official reason given for punishing Taimanov was that he had brought a book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn into the country, but that explanation was merely a bureaucratic pretext. The officials later "forgave" Taimanov, and lifted the sanctions against him. Fischer's overwhelming match wins later in 1971, first by 6–0 against Bent Larsen, then by 6½–2½ against Tigran Petrosian, may have helped contribute to their change of mind. Taimanov considered this match "the culminating point" of his chess career and later wrote a book about the match, titled How I Became Fischer's Victim.[15]
Other tournaments
In 2001 he came second, a half point behind the winner Jacob Murey, at the first European Senior Chess Championship in Saint-Vincent.[16]
International teams
Taimanov represented the USSR in international team play with enormous success. At the 1956 Chess Olympiad in Moscow, as first reserve he scored (+6−0=5), winning team gold and board bronze medals. This was his only Olympiad appearance.[17]
Taimanov represented the USSR four times in the European Team Chess Championship. At Vienna 1957, he played board seven, scored (+2−0=3), winning team and board gold medals. At Oberhausen 1961, he played board eight, scored (+6−0=3), and won team and board gold medals. At Hamburg 1965, he played board seven, scored (+3−1=4), and won team and board gold medals. At Kapfenberg 1970, he played board six, scored (+4−0=2), and won team and board gold medals.[18]
In the inaugural
Chess legacy
Taimanov was one of the few players to have beaten six world champions (Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, and Anatoly Karpov). Opening variations are named after Taimanov in the Sicilian Defence, Modern Benoni and Nimzo-Indian Defence. He wrote books on two of his named variations, as well as an autobiographical best games collection. Taimanov's favorite chess players were Alexander Alekhine, Mikhail Tal, and Garry Kasparov.[15]
Major chess writings
Note that several of Taimanov's books are available in Russian, German, and English.
- Slawisch bis Reti-Eröffnung, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Pavel Kondratiev, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1976
- Damengambit bis Holländisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Yakov Neishtadt, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1980
- Modernes Benoni bis Wolga-Gambit, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1982
- Holländisch bis Bird-Eröffnung, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Pavel Kondratiev, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1983
- Sicilian: Paulsen, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1983
- Königsindisch bis Altindisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1984
- Zasčita Nimzovica, by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, 1985
- Englisch: Klassisch bis seltene Systeme 12. Königsindisch: Sämisch-Systeme bis Vierbauernvariante, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1985
- Damenindisch bis Katalanisch, by Mark Taimanov, general editor Eduard Gufeld, German language, Sportverlag, Berlin, 1985
- The World Chess Championship, Karpov—Kasparov: Moscow 1985, by Yuri Averbakh and Mark Taimanov, English language, 1986
- The Sicilian Defence: Taimanov System, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1989, ISBN 0713456167
- Winning with the Sicilian, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1991
- Ja byl žertvoj Fisera (How I Became Fischer's Victim), by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, 1993. English translation, Quality Chess, Glasgow, 2021, ISBN 978-1-78483-149-3.
- Taimanov's Selected Games, by Mark Taimanov, English language, Batsford, London, 1996
- The Soviet Championships, by ISBN 978-1781943380)
- Šachmatnaja škola Marka Taimanova, by Mark Taimanov, Russian language, Schachforum (German language), 2008; originally published St. Petersburg 2003 (autobiography)
Music career
Taimanov was a top concert pianist in the Soviet Union. With his first wife, Lyubov Bruk, he formed a piano duo, some of whose recordings were included in the Phillips and Steinway series Great Pianists of the 20th Century.[19] Taimanov personally knew composer Dmitri Shostakovich, cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and pianist Sviatoslav Richter.[15]
Personal life and death
Taimanov married four times. He remarried late in life, and became the father of twins at the age of 78.[20][21] Fifty-seven years separate his oldest child (who was also a strong chess player and on one occasion, participated in the final of the Leningrad City Championship) and his twins.[22]
His younger sister Irina Taimanova (born 1941) is a prominent opera director, TV presenter and professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.[23][24]
Taimanov died on 28 November 2016 in Saint Petersburg, at the age of 90.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Гроссмейстер Марк Тайманов скончался на 91-м году жизни" (in Russian). Interfax. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- ^ "The Chess Grandmaster Who Doubled as a Concert Pianist". 28 November 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Прославленный гроссмейстер Марк Тайманов: 'И мой сын, и внучка обожают возиться с малышами'" Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (Russian). JewishNews.com.ua., accessed 31 October 2011.
- ^ Interview with Irina Taymanova"
- ^ Grigory Taimanov's (brother) Prison File
- ^ a b Irina Taimanova: "I collect impressions about people". Interview with Mark Taimanov's sister by the 33.6 Million Club woman's magazine (in Russian and English)
- ^ Mark Taimanov as a «Renaissance man» article, The School Of Life daily magazine, December 14, 2016 (in Russian)
- Stalin's funeral with a delegation". Interview by Moskovskij Komsomolets, March 4, 2005 (in Russian)
- ^ JINFO (16 August 1985). "Jewish Chess Players". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ "Mark Taimanov at 85". Chess in Translation. 15 February 2011.
- ISBN 9781476611235.
- ^ chessmetrics.com, the Mark Taimanov lifetime ratings file
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov Soviet Team Championship file
- ^ chessmetrics.com, the Mark Taimanov results file
- ^ a b c d e "Interview with Mark Taimanov – My life with chess and music". ChessBase. 23 May 2002. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ EU-ch Seniors, Saint Vincent 2001, www.365chess.com
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov Olympiad results file
- ^ olimpbase.org, the Mark Taimanov European Team results file
- ^ "Going strong at 85 – Mark Taimanov's birthday". ChessBase. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- Sport-Express. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
- Channel One, accessed 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Going strong at 85 – Mark Taimanov's birthday". ChessBase. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ Musical theatre director's faculty Archived 24 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine at the official Saint Petersburg Conservatory website (in Russian)
- ^ Irina Taimanova. Benefit talk-show by the Tsarskoye Selo TV (in Russian)
External links
- Interview with Mark Taimanov
- Mark E Taimanov chess games at 365Chess.com
- Mark Taimanov player profile and games at Chessgames.com
- Mark Taimanov Chess Olympiad record at OlimpBase.org
- Mark Taimanov at Chessmetrics
- Mark Taimanov - download 1262 of his games in pgn format at the Wayback Machine (archived 2006-06-30)
- Chessville – Interviews – 20 Questions with GM Mark Taimanov
- Grandmaster Profile: GM Mark Taimanov
- Filmography on www.kinoglaz.fr