Marmaduke Langdale, 1st Baron Langdale of Holme
The Lord Langdale | |
|---|---|
 Marmaduke Langdale, 1st Baron Langdale of Holme | |
| Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire | |
| In office 1660–1661 | |
| Sheriff of Yorkshire | |
| In office 1639–1640 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1598 (baptised) Beverley, Yorkshire |
| Died | 4 August 1661 (aged 63) Holme Hall, Yorkshire |
| Resting place | All Saints church, Sancton |
| Nationality | English |
| Political party | Royalist |
| Spouse | Lenox Rodes (died 1639) |
| Children | 4 sons, 3 daughters; four survived to adulthood |
| Alma mater | St John's College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Landowner and soldier |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  England |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | The Northern Horse |
| Battles/wars | Palatinate campaign Mannheim Wars of the Three Kingdoms Siege of Newcastle; Marston Moor; Relief of Pontefract Castle; Naseby; Rowton Heath; Preston; Siege of Candia |
Marmaduke Langdale, 1st Baron Langdale (c. 1598 – 5 August 1661) was an English landowner and soldier who fought with the Royalists during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
An only child who inherited large estates, he served in the 1620 to 1622
He proved a talented commander of cavalry; after defeat at
Created Baron Langdale in 1658 by Charles II, after The Restoration in 1660 he returned home and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire. His health and finances had been destroyed by the war and he died at his home of Holme Hall in August 1661.
Family
Marmaduke Langdale was born in 1598, only son of Peter Langdale (d.1617) and his wife Anne Wharton (1576–1646), who in 1606 purchased Pighill Hall, Molescroft, near Beverley in Yorkshire.[1] The name 'Langdale' allegedly came from the manor of Langdale in Yorkshire.[2]
In 1626 Langdale married Lenox Rodes (d.1639), daughter of Sir John Rodes (1562–1639) of Barlborough Hall, Derbyshire; before she died in childbirth in 1639, they had seven children. Four of these survived to adulthood; sons Marmaduke (1627–1703) and Philip (died 1672), and daughters Lenox (died 1658) and Mary (died 1678).[2]
Career
Langdale attended St John's College, Cambridge in 1612 and inherited his father's estates in 1617. His sister-in-law Katherine was the first wife of Sir John Hotham (1589–1645); in 1620, the two went to Europe and briefly fought for Elizabeth of Bohemia, sister of Charles I. Sir John was appointed Parliamentarian Governor of Hull, Yorkshire in 1642 and executed for treason in 1645 along with his son John, whom Clarendon describes as a close friend.[3]
During the 1620s and 1630s, Langdale became an increasingly important local political figure and knighted in 1628; however, during the period of Personal Rule by Charles from 1629 to 1640, he opposed the Forced Loan and payment of Ship money.[4] In 1638, the Earl of Strafford, Charles' chief minister and President of the Council of the North identified Langdale as a person of "ill affections to the Provincial, if not to the Regal Power". He was punished by being appointed Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1639, making him personally liable for any shortfalls in collecting the taxes. He eventually complied but was removed in July 1640 after organising a petition signed by leading members of the Yorkshire gentry listing their 'grievances'.[3]
Langdale provides a good example of the complex motives driving individuals to choose a particular side during the
In March 1645, Langdale dispersed a Parliamentarian force under John Lambert outside Wentbridge, and relieved Pontefract Castle, one of the last Royalist positions in the north.[6] However, without infantry support, he was forced to retreat; the Northern Horse rejoined the main Royalist field army and formed the left wing at the Battle of Naseby in June. Although they initially held their ground against Oliver Cromwell's more numerous and better disciplined troopers, they were later outflanked and driven from the field.[7]
The survivors of Naseby, which included the Northern Horse, withdrew to Raglan Castle in South Wales, but on 10 July the last significant Royalist field army in England was destroyed at the Battle of Langport. Langdale and other Yorkshire Royalists wanted to go north to link up with Montrose, who won a series of victories in Scotland from 1644 to 1645. Charles agreed but first insisted on relieving Chester, a port vital for communication with his Irish supporters; on 24 September the Royalists were defeated at the Battle of Rowton Heath.[8]
Shortly after this, news came of Montrose's defeat at the
Along with much of the cavalry, Langdale and Hamilton evaded capture at Preston but were taken shortly afterwards and imprisoned in Nottingham Castle. The Second Civil War convinced Parliamentarians, including Cromwell, that peace could only be assured by the death of prominent Royalists; Hamilton was executed, as was Charles himself in January 1649. As one of seven Royalists excluded by name from pardon, Langdale avoided a similar fate by escaping dressed as a milkmaid and made his way to France once again.[10]
Under the
In 1658, Charles created him Baron Langdale; after the Restoration in 1660, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire but claimed he was too poor to attend Charles' coronation.[12] He died in August 1661 at Holme and was buried in All Saints Church, Sancton, where his memorial survives, along with others belonging to the Langdale family.[13]
Notes
- ^ His memorial reads 'Here lyeth the body of the Right Honble Marmaduke Ld Langdale Baron of Holme in Spaldingmoore who dyed the fifth of August An(no) Dom(ini) 1661
References
- ^ Baggs et al. 1989, pp. 281–291.
- ^ a b Burke 1831.
- ^ a b c Hopper 2004.
- ^ Cust 1985, p. 211.
- ^ Barratt & A Rabble of Gentility.
- ^ Barratt 1975, pp. 162–163.
- ^ Young & Holmes 2000, p. 234.
- ^ Plant & The Siege of Chester and Battle of Rowton Heath 2008.
- ^ Plant & The Preston Campaign 2008.
- ^ Royle 2004, p. 470.
- ^ Royle 2004, pp. 562–563.
- ^ Royle 2004, p. 772.
- ^ Sheehan & Whellan 1867, p. 392.
Sources
- Baggs, A. P.; Brown, I. M.; Forster, G. C. F.; Hall, I.; Horrox, R. E. (1989). Allison, K. J. (ed.). 'Outlying townships: Molescroft', in A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 6, the Borough and Liberties of Beverley. Victoria County History. ISBN 978-0197227763.
- Barratt, John. "A Rabble of Gentility? – The Northern Horse, 1644–45". Helion & Co; Military History. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- Barratt, John (1975). "A Royalist Account of the Relief of Pontefract, 1st March 1645". Society for Army Historical Research. 53 (215): 159–169. JSTOR 44225367.
- Burke, John (1831). A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. England (2017 ed.). Andesite Press. ISBN 978-1375518789.
- Cust, Richard (1985). "Charles I, the Privy Council, and the Forced Loan". Journal of British Studies. 24 (2): 208–235. S2CID 143537267.
- Hopper, Andrew (2004). "Langdale, Marmaduke, first Baron Langdale". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16010. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Plant, David (2008). "The Siege of Chester and Battle of Rowton Heath". BCW Project. BCW Project. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- Plant, David (2008). "The Preston Campaign 1648". BCW Project. BCW Project. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- Royle, Trevor (2004). The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-86125-0.
- Sheehan, J. J.; Whellan, T. (1867). History and Topography of the City of York and the East Riding of Yorkshire, Volume II. John Green, Beverley.
- Young, Peter; Holmes, Richard (2000). The English Civil War:A Military History of the Three Civil Wars, 1642–1651. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-84022-222-7.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
