Marshall Warren Nirenberg
Marshall Warren Nirenberg | |
---|---|
Gairdner Foundation International Award (1967) Albert Lasker Award (1968) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1968) Franklin Medal (1968) Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1968) William H. Nichols Medal (1969) | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biochemistry |
Institutions | National Institutes of Health |
Doctoral advisor | James F. Hogg |
Marshall Warren Nirenberg (April 10, 1927 – January 15, 2010)[1] was an American biochemist and geneticist.[2] He shared a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Har Gobind Khorana and Robert W. Holley for "breaking the genetic code" and describing how it operates in protein synthesis. In the same year, together with Har Gobind Khorana, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.
Biography
Nirenberg was born in New York City to a
He began his
Nirenberg was awarded the
Research
By 1958, experiments and analysis such as the
In August 1961, at the International Congress of Biochemistry in Moscow, Nirenberg presented a paper to a small group of scientists, reporting the decoding of the first codon of the genetic code.
The period between 1961 and 1962 is often referred to as the "coding race" because of the competition between the labs of Nirenberg at NIH and Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa at New York University Medical School, who had a massive staff. Faced with the possibility of helping the first NIH scientist win a Nobel prize, many NIH scientists put aside their own work to help Nirenberg in deciphering the mRNA codons for amino acids. Dr.
Nirenberg's later research focused on neuroscience, neural development, and the homeobox genes.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Wade, Nicholas (January 21, 2010), "Marshall Nirenberg, Biologist Who Untangled Genetic Code, Dies at 82", NY Times.
- ^ "Marshall Nirenberg Biography". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ^ Marshall Warren Nirenberg Biography. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Marshall Nirenberg". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
- ^ Membership Directory, 2010, Pi Lambda Phi Inc.
- ^ Fee, E. (2000). "Profiles in Science: The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers. Biographical Overview". National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ^ The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers "Biographical Information"
- ^ "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
- ^ The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers "Letter from Bob Dole and Joe Biden to Marshall W. Nirenberg"
- PMID 14243527
- PMID 14257696
- PMID 14255762
- PMID 14237203
- PMID 14324538
- PMID 5335948
- PMID 5327071
- ^ a b Goldstein, Bob (May 30, 2019). "The Thrill of Defeat: What Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner taught me about being scooped". Nautilus. Retrieved Jan 21, 2021.
- S2CID 4348218
- S2CID 206525608
- ^ The PolyU Experiment. history.nih.gov
References
- Voet, Donald and Judith G. Voet. 1995. Biochemistry 2nd ed. John Wilely & Sons, New York.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Profiles in Science: The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers".
Further reading
- Marshall W. Nirenberg on Nobelprize.org
- Marshall Nirenberg Papers (1937–2003) – National Library of Medicine finding aid
- The Marshall Nirenberg Papers – Profiles in Science, National Library of Medicine
- Free to View Video Interview with Marshall W. Nirenberg provided by the Vega Science Trust.
- The Life and Scientific Work of Marshall W. Nirenberg. (From Richard Olson & Roger Smith (eds.) The Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists. 1998.)
- The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
- PMID 17990823,
(subtitle) In the 1960s Marshall W. Nirenberg deciphered the genetic code, the combination of A, T, G and C nucleotides that specify amino acids. So why do people think that Francis Crick did it?